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| style="background: #008080" align= center|  '''<big>维多利亚宣言</big> '''

 

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=='''维多利亚宣言'''==

1992年WHO发表的《维多利亚宣言》:健康是金，如果一个人失去了健康，那么，他原来所拥有的和正在创造即将拥有的统统为零！

=='''概况'''==

预防是健康的保证。据世界卫生组织的调查，导致疾病的因素中，内因15 %，社会因素10%，医疗因素8 % ，气候地理因素7 % ，个人生活方式的因素却占据了60 % ，所以，世界卫生组织于1992年发表了著名的《维多利亚宣言》，提出了健康的四大基石。

Recognizing that the scientific knowledge and widely tested methods exist to prevent most cardiovascular disease, the Advisory Board of the International Heart Health Conference calls upon professionals in health care, media, education and social science, and their associations, the scientific research community, government agencies concerned with health, education, trade, commerce and agriculture, the private sector, international organizations and agencies concerned with health and economic development, community health coalitions, voluntary health organizations and employers to join forces in eliminating this modern epidemic through the adoption of policies and the implementation of programs of health promotion and disease prevention, as well as through regulatory change directed at entire populations.

=='''维多利亚宣言原文'''——执行摘要==

Cardiovascular disease is largely preventable. We have the scientific knowledge to create a world in which heart disease and stroke are rare. In such a world everyone, from infant to elderly person, would have access to and would practise positive healthy living. In most cases cardiovascular disease is brought about by some combination of the following factors: smoking, high blood pressure, elevated blood cholesterol level, unhealthy dietary habits (including excessive alcohol consumption), obesity, a sedentary lifestyle and psychosocial stress. Healthy living includes good nutrition, a tobacco-free lifestyle, regular physical exercise and supportive environments. To implement a global policy of cardiovascular disease prevention, we must unite people and their communities with health care professionals, scientists, industry and policymakers. From studying downward trends in cardiovascular disease in certain industrialized countries, we are learning how to reduce the toll of such disease, although it still remains a major problem. The primary challenge now is to maintain the downward trend while assisting and encouraging countries where rates of heart disease are increasing (developing countries and those in central and eastern Europe) to prevent the epidemic from spreading. The prescription is simple. To implement it is more difficult. The promotion of heart health on a global scale requires clear agreement on policy principles, implementation processes and the partnerships to make it happen. The prevention of cardiovascular disease requires the prevention of the onset of risk factors in children and youth everywhere and in entire populations of countries where cardiovascular disease has not yet reached epidemic proportions as well as the elimination or reduction of risk factors in all populations. The control of cardiovascular disease requires healthy living for everybody, regardless of age, sex, race or socioeconomic status. It also requires equitable access and appropriate treatment for people who are at high risk of or have cardiovascular disease. This will require mutual assistance involving people and communities within countries and between nations; a balance between prevention and treatment and between basic, applied and evaluative research; extensive communication, education and feedback evaluation at all levels; and action by individuals, many professional associations, communities and governments. The advisory board believes that all concerned with improving the health and quality of life of people around the world have a responsibility to heed this "call for action." It can be done.

=='''四大要素'''==

健康的第一基石，可概括为“五个数字”、“五种颜色”：

白：像燕麦粉，燕麦片，不但降低胆固醇，降低甘油三酯，对于糖尿病人和减肥的人也有很好的效果。

生命在于运动，但要有适度，每个人要根据自己的实际情况，选择合适的运动方式，养成科学的运动习惯。对于多数健康人来说，衡量运动适量的标准，国际上流行的办法采用心跳速度的幅度来衡量：（220-年龄）*65%~85%，只要在此范围内运动，都能收到最佳效果，并能保证运动的安全性。

以老年人为例，世界卫生组织认为，走路是最佳的运动，但要注意“三、五、七”的要决，“三”指每次步行三公里，时间超过30分钟，“五”是说每星期最少运动5次，“七”指的是“年龄+心跳”得数不要超过170次。另外，还可以练练太极拳，研究表明，坚持练太极拳的，他的神经平衡功能可以年轻三到十年。

吸烟对人体百害而无一利，可以引起慢性支器官炎，肺部疾病，还增加了心脏病和高血压的危险，因此，要把烟戒掉。

适量饮酒可以促进血液循环，过量就会对五脏的健康不利，影响消化吸收和营养物质的新陈代谢，对各种疾病的治疗和康复也有较大的负面影响。

这是最关键的一条，比其他一切因素都重要。

世界卫生组织指出，生理，心理，社会人际适应的完满状态才是健康，心理健康，生理才能健康，古人说：“恬淡虚无，真气从之；精神内守，病安从来”，就是这个道理。谁会自我调节，心态健康，谁就拥有一个健康的身体。

心理健康，就是我们所说的保持良好的心态，因为疾病在很大程度上受心理因素的影响。美国科学家曾经作过实验，他们给高血压患者服用了装满淀粉的胶囊，却告诉他们是降压药，结果，再次检测时，许多人的血压恢复了正常，大量研究表明，心理健康的人抵抗力强，少得病，即使生病也会很快痊愈。

那么，怎样保持稳定的心态呢？三句话：正确对待自己，正确对待他人，正确对待社会。也就是说，一方面要正确对待自己，不要居功自傲，也不要妄自菲薄；另一方面，正确对待他人，正确对待社会，永远对社会存有感激之心。此外，还要做到三个快乐：顺境时助人为乐，平常知足长乐，逆境时自得其乐。

“冰冻三尺，非一日之寒”，保持心理平衡需要科学理论与生活实践的长期磨练。

==参考文献==

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