24,893
次編輯
變更
無編輯摘要
'''亚历山大·“萨沙”·西奥多·舒尔金'''（{{lang-en|'''Alexander "Sasha" Theodore Shulgin'''}}；{{bd|1925年|6月17日|2014年|6月2日|catIdx=S}}）[[美国]]药物化学家、生物化学家、药理学家、精神药理学家、作家，曾於20世紀70年代末向心理學家推薦將[[MDMA]]用於治療[[精神疾病]]。舒爾金發現、合成、測定了多達230種的[[精神藥物]]，並對其在致幻或[[動情]]{{lang|en|(entactogenic)}}作用方面的潛力進行評估。<ref>[https://www.drugfoundation.org.nz/matters-of-substance/archive/august-2014/shulgin-godfather-of-ecstasy/ 舒爾金被許多人稱為“狂喜教父”]，醫藥基金會，1 August 2014</ref>
出生於[[加利福尼亞州]][[伯克利|伯克利郡]]<ref>Ancestry.com. California Birth Index, 1905-1995 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2005. Original data: State of California. California Birth Index, 1905-1995. Sacramento, CA, USA: State of California Department of Health Services, Center for Health Statistics.</ref> ，其父為[[俄羅斯]]移民{{lang|en|Theodore Stevens Shulgin(1893–1978)}}<ref>Ancestry.com. California Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2000. Original data: State of California. California Death Index, 1940–1997. Sacramento, CA, USA: State of California Department of Health Services, Center for Health Statistics.</ref>，其母{{lang|en|Henrietta D. (Aten) Shulgin(1894–1960)}}則出生於[[伊利诺伊州]]<ref>Ancestry.com. California Death Index, 1940–1997 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2000. Original data: State of California. California Death Index, 1940–1997. Sacramento, CA, USA: State of California Department of Health Services, Center for Health Statistics.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=TEE7AQAAIAAJ&q=%22SHULGIN,+HENRIETTA+D.D.:+retired+teacher;%22&dq=%22SHULGIN,+HENRIETTA+D.D.:+retired+teacher;%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=CObWUvO5OITj2QWiqoC4Dg&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAA |title=Authors Biographical Monthly Service by Alberta Chamberlain Lawrence published by Golden Syndicate Publishing Company, 1952 |accessdate=2015-02-08 |archive-date=2015-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208135249/http://books.google.ca/books?id=TEE7AQAAIAAJ&q=%22SHULGIN,+HENRIETTA+D.D.:+retired+teacher;%22&dq=%22SHULGIN,+HENRIETTA+D.D.:+retired+teacher;%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=CObWUvO5OITj2QWiqoC4Dg&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAA |dead-url=no }}</ref>，二者均在[[阿拉米達縣]]的一所公立學校擔任教師<ref>Ancestry.com. 1930 United States Federal Census [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2002. Year: 1930; Census Place: Berkeley, Alameda, California; Roll 111; Page: 1B; Enumeration District: 320; File: 1029.0.</ref>。
==成就==
1991年，舒尔金与他的妻子{{link-en|安·舒尔金|Ann Shulgin}}共同出版了《{{link-en|PiHKAL：化学的爱情故事|PiHKAL}}》（''PIHKAL: A Chemical Love Story''）。1997年，又共同出版了《{{link-en|TiHKAL：延续|TiHKAL}}》（''TIHKAL: The Continuation''）。这两本书广泛描述了他们的研究工作和个人对[[精神药物]]的真实体验。舒尔金成功开创了对这类化合物的描述综合推理。他有一些显著的发现，包括了{{link-en|2C (迷幻药物)|2C (psychedelics)|2C*族}}化合物（例如[[2C-B]]）以及{{link-en|DOx|DOx|DOx族}}化合物（例如{{link-en|2,5-二甲氧基-4-甲基安非他命|2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine|DOM}}）。
由于他对{{link-en|精神暴露疗法|Psychedelic therapy|精神研究}}和[[藥物設計|推理性设计]][[致幻药物]]的开创性研究，他被称为“迷幻药物教父”。<ref>[https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/cross-check/talking-death-with-the-late-psychedelic-chemist-sasha-shulgin/ 與已故迷幻化學家 Sasha Shulgin 談論死亡]，博客.科學美國人，4 June 2014</ref>
== 生活与事业經歷==舒爾金出生於[[加利福尼亞州]][[伯克利|伯克利郡]]<ref>Ancestry.com. California Birth Index, 1905-1995 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2005. Original data: State of California. California Birth Index, 1905-1995. Sacramento, CA, USA: State of California Department of Health Services, Center for Health Statistics.</ref> ，其父為[[俄羅斯]]移民{{lang|en|Theodore Stevens Shulgin(1893–1978)}}<ref>Ancestry.com. California Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2000. Original data: State of California. California Death Index, 1940–1997. Sacramento, CA, USA: State of California Department of Health Services, Center for Health Statistics.</ref>，其母{{lang|en|Henrietta D. (Aten) Shulgin(1894–1960)}}則出生於[[伊利诺伊州]]<ref>Ancestry.com. California Death Index, 1940–1997 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2000. Original data: State of California. California Death Index, 1940–1997. Sacramento, CA, USA: State of California Department of Health Services, Center for Health Statistics.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=TEE7AQAAIAAJ&q=%22SHULGIN,+HENRIETTA+D.D.:+retired+teacher;%22&dq=%22SHULGIN,+HENRIETTA+D.D.:+retired+teacher;%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=CObWUvO5OITj2QWiqoC4Dg&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAA |title=Authors Biographical Monthly Service by Alberta Chamberlain Lawrence published by Golden Syndicate Publishing Company, 1952 |accessdate=2015-02-08 |archive-date=2015-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208135249/http://books.google.ca/books?id=TEE7AQAAIAAJ&q=%22SHULGIN,+HENRIETTA+D.D.:+retired+teacher;%22&dq=%22SHULGIN,+HENRIETTA+D.D.:+retired+teacher;%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=CObWUvO5OITj2QWiqoC4Dg&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAA |dead-url=no }}</ref>，二者均在[[阿拉米達縣]]的一所公立學校擔任教師<ref>Ancestry.com. 1930 United States Federal Census [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2002. Year: 1930; Census Place: Berkeley, Alameda, California; Roll 111; Page: 1B; Enumeration District: 320; File: 1029.0.</ref>。
在16時，舒爾金藉獎學金進入[[哈佛大學]][[有機化學]]系學習。1943年，舒爾金輟學並加入[[美國海軍]]，此亦為其後來對[[精神病学|精神藥學]]產生興趣的契機。