129,541
次編輯
變更
使徒统绪
,创建页面，内容为“{| class="wikitable" align="right" |- | style="background: #66CCFF" align= center| '''<big>使徒统绪</big> ''' |- |<center><img src=https://t10.baidu.com/it…”
{| class="wikitable" align="right"
|-
| style="background: #66CCFF" align= center| '''<big>使徒统绪</big> '''
|-
|<center><img src=https://t10.baidu.com/it/u=3186766356,823838856&fm=173&app=49&f=JPEG?w=640&h=380&s=D5541CC6441315D618EFE12A03001058 width="250"></center>
<small>[https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1616440619269667061&wfr=spider&for=pc 来自 百家号 的图片]</small>
|-
| style="background: #66CCFF" align= center|
|-
| align= light|
中文名: 使徒统绪
从广义的使徒统绪来看，
所有的教会都宣称自己
是继承了使徒的教会。
而从狭义的使徒统绪，
也就是通过圣秩圣事
代代相传的具有历史
传统的主教制度
|}
'''使徒统绪'''（Apostolic succession），天主教中文译作'''宗徒传承'''，是指[[基督教]][[教会]]的圣职是从[[耶稣]]的[[十二使徒]]传承开始代代相传，通常与声称是一系列的[[主教]]有关<ref name="ODCC">F.L. Cross, E.A. Livingstone (editors), ''The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church'' (Oxford University Press 2005 ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3), article "apostolic succession"</ref>这一系列的主教，起初被视为[[使徒座|由一个或多个使徒建立的教座]]的主教，但现在被理解为一系列的主教（不论来自那个教座）受其他主教祝圣，而施行祝圣的主教也是以同样的方式受祝圣，一直追溯至使徒<ref name="ETT">{{cite web |url = http://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&tbo=1&q=Gonz%C3%A1lez+%22succession+originally+an%22&btnG= |title=Justo L. González, ''Essential Theological Terms'' (Westminster John Knox Press 2005 ISBN 978-0-664-22810-1), p. 15 |publisher=Google.com |date= |accessdate=2013-07-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&tbo=1&q=Elwell+%22each+bishop+as+a+true+successor%22&btnG= |title=Walter A. Elwell, ''Evangelical Dictionary of Theology'' (Baker Academic 2001 ISBN 978-0-8010-2075-9), p. 89 |publisher = Google.com |date= |accessdate=2013-07-18}}</ref>。
使徒统绪也可以理解成从使徒至今的教义连续性<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=y_RpbmWNfHcC&pg=PA25&lpg=PA25&dq=%22apostolic+succession%22+anglican&source=bl&ots=TUICDSwWqB&sig=pNp6s1xOVsvx9f4019oYaO5xnL0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=NvhRUM6iDsiJhQf0pYHgBg&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=%22apostolic%20succession%22%20anglican&f=false Donald S. Armentrout, Robert Boak Slocum ''An Episcopal Dictionary of the Church'' (Church Publishing 1999 ISBN 9780898692112), p. 25] or</ref>。例如，英国[[循道宗]]会议将「真实连续」定为「基督经历的连续，同一灵所赐的团契，属于一主的连续，讯息的持续宣告，使命的持续领受……<ref name="autogenerated229">Jay, Eric G. ''The Church''. John Knox press: 1980, p.229</ref>」。
一些人视[[按手礼]]为使徒统绪的重要部分，因[[新约圣经]]提及个人的使徒传承（例如从[[保罗]]到[[提摩太]]和[[提多]]）。他们也认为早期教会书信，特别是[[圣纪文]]书信<ref>Adam, Karl. ''The Spirit of Catholicism'' Doubleday & C°, Inc: 1957 p. 20</ref>。纪文特别提到，使徒委派主教为继承人，并指示主教也应照样委派继承人，因此，这样的教会领袖不能无故罢免。此外，提倡主教拥有个人使徒传承的人指出，早教统一的教会(431年前)普遍奉行这规定。
很多[[新教]]教派（包括[[马丁路德]]和[[加尔文]]）否定使徒统绪的必要<ref name="ODCC" /><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.questia.com/library/encyclopedia/apostolic_succession.jsp |title = "Apostolic Succession" in ''The Columbia Encyclopedia'', Sixth Edition (Columbia University Press 2004) |publisher = Questia.com |date = |accessdate = 2013-07-18}}</ref>，并质疑这些历史声称的真实性。
== 使徒座 ==
{{tsl|en|Apostolic see|使徒座}}是指宣称自身是由一个或多个[[使徒]]所建立起来，维繫和传承该使徒权威、教义和宗教实践传统的重要[[主教座]]。列表如下：
'''[[ 五大宗主教区]]'''
* [[圣座]]：是[[罗马主教]]（即众所周知的[[教宗]]）的{{link-en|教务职权|Ecclesiastical jurisdiction}}，也是[[天主教会]]内超乎众教座之上的[[主教教座]]，承继自使徒之首[[彼得 (使徒)|彼得]]（伯多禄）和[[保罗]]（保禄）<ref>{{cite book|author1=St. Irenaeus|title=Adversus Haereses|quote=Because it would be too long in such a volume as this to enumerate the successions of all the churches, we point to the tradition of that very great and very ancient and universally known Church, which was founded and established at Rome, by the two most glorious Apostles, Peter and Paul: we point I say, to the tradition which this Church has from the Apostles, and to her faith proclaimed to men which comes down to our time through the succession of her bishops, and so we put to shame . . . all who assemble in unauthorized meetings. For with this Church, because of its superior authority, every Church must agree — that is the faithful everywhere — in communion with which Church the tradition of the Apostles has been always preserved by those who are everywhere}}</ref>。
* [[君士坦丁堡普世牧首区]]：是[[东正教会]]的首席大主教区，最高领袖称为[[君士坦丁堡普世牧首]]，承继自使徒[[圣安德烈|安德烈]]（安德肋）。
* [[亚历山大港]]教区：是[[亚历山大科普特正教会]]和{{tsl|en|Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria and all Africa|亚历山大及全非洲地区东正教会}}的教区，最高领袖称为[[亚历山大港牧首]]，承继自使徒[[圣马尔谷|马可]]（马尔-{谷}-）。<ref>{{cite web|title=St. Mark The Apostle, Evangelist|url=http://www.copticchurch.net/topics/synexarion/mark.html|accessdate=2017-10-28|archive-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226060330/http://www.copticchurch.net/topics/synexarion/mark.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>
* [[安提阿]]教区：是[[安条克希腊正教会|安提阿正教会]]（现驻[[大马士革]]），[[默基特希腊礼天主教会]]（现驻[[大马士革]]），[[叙利亚东方正统教会]]（现驻[[大马士革]]），[[叙利亚礼天主教会]]（现驻[[贝鲁特]]），[[马龙尼礼教会]]（现驻{{tsl|en|Bkerké|贝凯克}}）的教区，最高领袖称为[[安提阿牧首]]，承继自使徒之首[[彼得 (使徒)|彼得]]（伯多禄）和[[保罗]]（保禄）<ref>{{cite web|title=The Patriarchate of Antioch: Founded by Saints Peter and Paul|url=http://antiochian.org/patofant|quote=Ignatius was the second successor to Peter and may actually have been consecrated by that Apostle or Saint Paul.}}</ref>
*[[耶路撒冷]]教区：是{{tsl|en|Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem|耶路撒冷正教会}}的首席大主教区，最高领袖称为[[耶路撒冷牧首]]，承继自使徒[[公义者雅各]]（雅各伯）<ref>{{cite web|title=305 Chapter XIX.—The Episcopal Chair of James|url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf201.iii.xii.xx.html}}</ref>
'''其他教区'''
* [[赛普勒斯教会]]，承继自使徒[[保罗]]（保禄）和[[巴拿巴]]（巴尔纳伯）<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.churchofcyprus.org.cy/article.php?articleID=89 |title=Cyprian Orthodox Church Official Website |publisher=Churchofcyprus.org.cy |accessdate=26 July 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723150729/http://www.churchofcyprus.org.cy/article.php?articleID=89 |archivedate=2011-07-23 |dead-url=no }}</ref>，自431年成为[[东正教自主教会]]
* [[乔治亚正教会]]：承继自使徒[[安得烈]]（安德肋）、[[奋锐党的西门]]（热诚者西满）和[[等同使徒]]的{{tsl|en|Saint Nino|圣徒尼诺}}，自486年成为[[东正教自主教会]]
* [[埃奇米阿津]]圣座：是[[亚美尼亚使徒教会]]的首席教区，位于[[瓦加尔沙帕特]]的[[埃奇米阿津主教座堂]]，承继自使徒[[巴多罗买|巴托罗缪]]（巴尔多禄茂）、使徒[[犹达·达陡|达太]]（达陡）和[[等同使徒]]的[[格列高利 (启蒙者)|圣格列高利]]<ref>{{cite web|title=We are the One Holy Universal Apostolic Orthodox Armenian Church|url=http://66.208.37.78/index.jsp?sid=1&id=2342&pid=5|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110705194048/http://66.208.37.78/index.jsp?sid=1&id=2342&pid=5|archivedate=2011-07-05|accessdate=2017-10-28}}</ref>
* [[泰西封]]座堂：是[[东方亚述教会]]的教区，最高领袖称为[[东方亚述教会牧首列表|东方亚述教会牧首]]（现驻[[巴格达]]），承继自使徒[[多马 (使徒)|多马]]（多默）
* 印度[[喀拉拉邦]]的{{le|圣多马基督徒教派|Saint Thomas Christian denominations|圣多马基督徒}}教会，承继自使徒[[多马 (使徒)|多马]]（多默）<ref>{{cite web |url=http://malankaraorthodoxchurch.in/ |title=Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church |publisher=malankaraorthodoxchurch.in |date= |accessdate=18 August 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721162720/http://www.malankaraorthodoxchurch.in/ |archivedate=2011-07-21 |deadurl=no }}</ref>
* [[衣索比亚正统台瓦西多教会]]，承继自传福音者[[腓利 (传福音者)|腓利]]（斐理伯）<ref>{{cite web|title=THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ETHIOPIAN CHURCH|url=http://www.ethiopianorthodox.org/english/ethiopian/prechristian.html|accessdate=2017-10-28|archive-date=2011-06-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611103832/http://ethiopianorthodox.org/english/ethiopian/prechristian.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>，以及[[亚历山大科普特正教会]]
* [[圣公会]]，承继自英格兰[[天主教会]]第一位[[坎特伯雷大主教]][[坎特伯里的奥古斯丁|奥古斯丁]]的使徒系统，从1530年代起脱离罗马天主教会自立为圣公会
* [[瑞典教会]]，承继自瑞典[[乌普萨拉大主教]]的使徒系统，从1530年代起脱离罗马天主教会成为[[信义会]]
'''耶稣基督后期圣徒教会'''
* [[耶稣基督后期圣徒教会]]（摩门教）称[[约瑟·斯密]]在1829年从[[彼得 (使徒)|彼得]]、[[雅各 (西庇太的儿子)|雅各]]、[[约翰 (使徒)|约翰]]获得祭司的职分<ref>{{cite web|title=The First Presidency of the Early Church: Their Lives and Epistles|url=https://www.lds.org/ensign/1988/08/the-first-presidency-of-the-early-church-their-lives-and-epistles?lang=eng}}</ref>
== 参考文献 ==
{{Reflist}}
== 参见 ==
* [[教会四特征]]：[[大公教会]]
* [[基督教历史]]
** [[早期基督教]]
*** [[使徒 (基督教)]]
** [[东西教会大分裂]]
** [[新教]][[宗教改革]]
{{-}}
{{耶稣的十二使徒}}
{{基督教页脚}}
{{天主教}}
{{天主教会史}}
{{教宗相关}}
[[Category:200 宗教总论]]
|-
| style="background: #66CCFF" align= center| '''<big>使徒统绪</big> '''
|-
|<center><img src=https://t10.baidu.com/it/u=3186766356,823838856&fm=173&app=49&f=JPEG?w=640&h=380&s=D5541CC6441315D618EFE12A03001058 width="250"></center>
<small>[https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1616440619269667061&wfr=spider&for=pc 来自 百家号 的图片]</small>
|-
| style="background: #66CCFF" align= center|
|-
| align= light|
中文名: 使徒统绪
从广义的使徒统绪来看，
所有的教会都宣称自己
是继承了使徒的教会。
而从狭义的使徒统绪，
也就是通过圣秩圣事
代代相传的具有历史
传统的主教制度
|}
'''使徒统绪'''（Apostolic succession），天主教中文译作'''宗徒传承'''，是指[[基督教]][[教会]]的圣职是从[[耶稣]]的[[十二使徒]]传承开始代代相传，通常与声称是一系列的[[主教]]有关<ref name="ODCC">F.L. Cross, E.A. Livingstone (editors), ''The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church'' (Oxford University Press 2005 ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3), article "apostolic succession"</ref>这一系列的主教，起初被视为[[使徒座|由一个或多个使徒建立的教座]]的主教，但现在被理解为一系列的主教（不论来自那个教座）受其他主教祝圣，而施行祝圣的主教也是以同样的方式受祝圣，一直追溯至使徒<ref name="ETT">{{cite web |url = http://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&tbo=1&q=Gonz%C3%A1lez+%22succession+originally+an%22&btnG= |title=Justo L. González, ''Essential Theological Terms'' (Westminster John Knox Press 2005 ISBN 978-0-664-22810-1), p. 15 |publisher=Google.com |date= |accessdate=2013-07-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&tbo=1&q=Elwell+%22each+bishop+as+a+true+successor%22&btnG= |title=Walter A. Elwell, ''Evangelical Dictionary of Theology'' (Baker Academic 2001 ISBN 978-0-8010-2075-9), p. 89 |publisher = Google.com |date= |accessdate=2013-07-18}}</ref>。
使徒统绪也可以理解成从使徒至今的教义连续性<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=y_RpbmWNfHcC&pg=PA25&lpg=PA25&dq=%22apostolic+succession%22+anglican&source=bl&ots=TUICDSwWqB&sig=pNp6s1xOVsvx9f4019oYaO5xnL0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=NvhRUM6iDsiJhQf0pYHgBg&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=%22apostolic%20succession%22%20anglican&f=false Donald S. Armentrout, Robert Boak Slocum ''An Episcopal Dictionary of the Church'' (Church Publishing 1999 ISBN 9780898692112), p. 25] or</ref>。例如，英国[[循道宗]]会议将「真实连续」定为「基督经历的连续，同一灵所赐的团契，属于一主的连续，讯息的持续宣告，使命的持续领受……<ref name="autogenerated229">Jay, Eric G. ''The Church''. John Knox press: 1980, p.229</ref>」。
一些人视[[按手礼]]为使徒统绪的重要部分，因[[新约圣经]]提及个人的使徒传承（例如从[[保罗]]到[[提摩太]]和[[提多]]）。他们也认为早期教会书信，特别是[[圣纪文]]书信<ref>Adam, Karl. ''The Spirit of Catholicism'' Doubleday & C°, Inc: 1957 p. 20</ref>。纪文特别提到，使徒委派主教为继承人，并指示主教也应照样委派继承人，因此，这样的教会领袖不能无故罢免。此外，提倡主教拥有个人使徒传承的人指出，早教统一的教会(431年前)普遍奉行这规定。
很多[[新教]]教派（包括[[马丁路德]]和[[加尔文]]）否定使徒统绪的必要<ref name="ODCC" /><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.questia.com/library/encyclopedia/apostolic_succession.jsp |title = "Apostolic Succession" in ''The Columbia Encyclopedia'', Sixth Edition (Columbia University Press 2004) |publisher = Questia.com |date = |accessdate = 2013-07-18}}</ref>，并质疑这些历史声称的真实性。
== 使徒座 ==
{{tsl|en|Apostolic see|使徒座}}是指宣称自身是由一个或多个[[使徒]]所建立起来，维繫和传承该使徒权威、教义和宗教实践传统的重要[[主教座]]。列表如下：
'''[[ 五大宗主教区]]'''
* [[圣座]]：是[[罗马主教]]（即众所周知的[[教宗]]）的{{link-en|教务职权|Ecclesiastical jurisdiction}}，也是[[天主教会]]内超乎众教座之上的[[主教教座]]，承继自使徒之首[[彼得 (使徒)|彼得]]（伯多禄）和[[保罗]]（保禄）<ref>{{cite book|author1=St. Irenaeus|title=Adversus Haereses|quote=Because it would be too long in such a volume as this to enumerate the successions of all the churches, we point to the tradition of that very great and very ancient and universally known Church, which was founded and established at Rome, by the two most glorious Apostles, Peter and Paul: we point I say, to the tradition which this Church has from the Apostles, and to her faith proclaimed to men which comes down to our time through the succession of her bishops, and so we put to shame . . . all who assemble in unauthorized meetings. For with this Church, because of its superior authority, every Church must agree — that is the faithful everywhere — in communion with which Church the tradition of the Apostles has been always preserved by those who are everywhere}}</ref>。
* [[君士坦丁堡普世牧首区]]：是[[东正教会]]的首席大主教区，最高领袖称为[[君士坦丁堡普世牧首]]，承继自使徒[[圣安德烈|安德烈]]（安德肋）。
* [[亚历山大港]]教区：是[[亚历山大科普特正教会]]和{{tsl|en|Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria and all Africa|亚历山大及全非洲地区东正教会}}的教区，最高领袖称为[[亚历山大港牧首]]，承继自使徒[[圣马尔谷|马可]]（马尔-{谷}-）。<ref>{{cite web|title=St. Mark The Apostle, Evangelist|url=http://www.copticchurch.net/topics/synexarion/mark.html|accessdate=2017-10-28|archive-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226060330/http://www.copticchurch.net/topics/synexarion/mark.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>
* [[安提阿]]教区：是[[安条克希腊正教会|安提阿正教会]]（现驻[[大马士革]]），[[默基特希腊礼天主教会]]（现驻[[大马士革]]），[[叙利亚东方正统教会]]（现驻[[大马士革]]），[[叙利亚礼天主教会]]（现驻[[贝鲁特]]），[[马龙尼礼教会]]（现驻{{tsl|en|Bkerké|贝凯克}}）的教区，最高领袖称为[[安提阿牧首]]，承继自使徒之首[[彼得 (使徒)|彼得]]（伯多禄）和[[保罗]]（保禄）<ref>{{cite web|title=The Patriarchate of Antioch: Founded by Saints Peter and Paul|url=http://antiochian.org/patofant|quote=Ignatius was the second successor to Peter and may actually have been consecrated by that Apostle or Saint Paul.}}</ref>
*[[耶路撒冷]]教区：是{{tsl|en|Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem|耶路撒冷正教会}}的首席大主教区，最高领袖称为[[耶路撒冷牧首]]，承继自使徒[[公义者雅各]]（雅各伯）<ref>{{cite web|title=305 Chapter XIX.—The Episcopal Chair of James|url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf201.iii.xii.xx.html}}</ref>
'''其他教区'''
* [[赛普勒斯教会]]，承继自使徒[[保罗]]（保禄）和[[巴拿巴]]（巴尔纳伯）<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.churchofcyprus.org.cy/article.php?articleID=89 |title=Cyprian Orthodox Church Official Website |publisher=Churchofcyprus.org.cy |accessdate=26 July 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723150729/http://www.churchofcyprus.org.cy/article.php?articleID=89 |archivedate=2011-07-23 |dead-url=no }}</ref>，自431年成为[[东正教自主教会]]
* [[乔治亚正教会]]：承继自使徒[[安得烈]]（安德肋）、[[奋锐党的西门]]（热诚者西满）和[[等同使徒]]的{{tsl|en|Saint Nino|圣徒尼诺}}，自486年成为[[东正教自主教会]]
* [[埃奇米阿津]]圣座：是[[亚美尼亚使徒教会]]的首席教区，位于[[瓦加尔沙帕特]]的[[埃奇米阿津主教座堂]]，承继自使徒[[巴多罗买|巴托罗缪]]（巴尔多禄茂）、使徒[[犹达·达陡|达太]]（达陡）和[[等同使徒]]的[[格列高利 (启蒙者)|圣格列高利]]<ref>{{cite web|title=We are the One Holy Universal Apostolic Orthodox Armenian Church|url=http://66.208.37.78/index.jsp?sid=1&id=2342&pid=5|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110705194048/http://66.208.37.78/index.jsp?sid=1&id=2342&pid=5|archivedate=2011-07-05|accessdate=2017-10-28}}</ref>
* [[泰西封]]座堂：是[[东方亚述教会]]的教区，最高领袖称为[[东方亚述教会牧首列表|东方亚述教会牧首]]（现驻[[巴格达]]），承继自使徒[[多马 (使徒)|多马]]（多默）
* 印度[[喀拉拉邦]]的{{le|圣多马基督徒教派|Saint Thomas Christian denominations|圣多马基督徒}}教会，承继自使徒[[多马 (使徒)|多马]]（多默）<ref>{{cite web |url=http://malankaraorthodoxchurch.in/ |title=Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church |publisher=malankaraorthodoxchurch.in |date= |accessdate=18 August 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721162720/http://www.malankaraorthodoxchurch.in/ |archivedate=2011-07-21 |deadurl=no }}</ref>
* [[衣索比亚正统台瓦西多教会]]，承继自传福音者[[腓利 (传福音者)|腓利]]（斐理伯）<ref>{{cite web|title=THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ETHIOPIAN CHURCH|url=http://www.ethiopianorthodox.org/english/ethiopian/prechristian.html|accessdate=2017-10-28|archive-date=2011-06-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611103832/http://ethiopianorthodox.org/english/ethiopian/prechristian.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>，以及[[亚历山大科普特正教会]]
* [[圣公会]]，承继自英格兰[[天主教会]]第一位[[坎特伯雷大主教]][[坎特伯里的奥古斯丁|奥古斯丁]]的使徒系统，从1530年代起脱离罗马天主教会自立为圣公会
* [[瑞典教会]]，承继自瑞典[[乌普萨拉大主教]]的使徒系统，从1530年代起脱离罗马天主教会成为[[信义会]]
'''耶稣基督后期圣徒教会'''
* [[耶稣基督后期圣徒教会]]（摩门教）称[[约瑟·斯密]]在1829年从[[彼得 (使徒)|彼得]]、[[雅各 (西庇太的儿子)|雅各]]、[[约翰 (使徒)|约翰]]获得祭司的职分<ref>{{cite web|title=The First Presidency of the Early Church: Their Lives and Epistles|url=https://www.lds.org/ensign/1988/08/the-first-presidency-of-the-early-church-their-lives-and-epistles?lang=eng}}</ref>
== 参考文献 ==
{{Reflist}}
== 参见 ==
* [[教会四特征]]：[[大公教会]]
* [[基督教历史]]
** [[早期基督教]]
*** [[使徒 (基督教)]]
** [[东西教会大分裂]]
** [[新教]][[宗教改革]]
{{-}}
{{耶稣的十二使徒}}
{{基督教页脚}}
{{天主教}}
{{天主教会史}}
{{教宗相关}}
[[Category:200 宗教总论]]