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鸭掌木

增加 5,077 位元組, 4 年前
無編輯摘要
鹅掌木,(Schefflera octophylla (Lour.) Harms),为常绿灌木。分枝多,枝条紧密。掌状复叶,小叶5~8枚,长卵圆形,革质,深绿色,有光泽。圆锥状花序,小花淡红色,浆果深红色。是热带、亚热带地区常绿阔叶林常见的植物,原产大洋洲、中国广东、福建、以及南美洲等地的亚热带雨林,日本、越南、印度也有分布。现广泛种植于世界各地。
该种不是市场上所称的鹅掌柴,市场上所称的鹅掌柴为鹅掌藤。
[[File:鸭掌木1.jpg|缩略图|鸭掌木1[https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=0&ipn=d&word=%E9%B8%AD%E6%8E%8C%E6%9C%A8&step_word=&hs=2&pn=0&spn=0&di=97680&pi=0&rn=1&tn=baiduimagedetail&is=0%2C0&istype=0&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&cs=1105491212%2C222867003&os=3836841233%2C2203520280&simid=3123859607%2C3555273585&adpicid=0&lpn=0&ln=1752&fr=&fmq=1594880319018_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&ist=&jit=&cg=&bdtype=0&oriquery=&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.168mh.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F03%2F2afacb4695591ff.jpg&fromurl=ippr_z2C%24qAzdH3FAzdH3Fooo_z%26e3B8mb4i_z%26e3Bv54AzdH3F80m9na_z%26e3Bip4s&gsm=1&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&islist=&querylist=&force=undefined 原图链接]]]
===分布范围===
圆锥花序顶生,长20~30厘米,主轴和分枝幼时密生星状短柔毛,后毛渐脱稀;分枝斜生,有总状排列的伞形花序几个至十几个,间或有单生花1~2;伞形花序有花10~15朵;总花梗纤细,长1~2厘米,有星状短柔毛;花梗长4~5毫米,有星状短柔毛;小苞片小,宿存;花白色;萼长约2.5毫米,幼时有星状短柔毛,后变无毛,边缘近全缘或有5~6小齿;花瓣5~6,开花时反曲,无毛;雄蕊5~6,比花瓣略长;子房5~7室,稀9~10室;花柱合生成粗短的柱状;花盘平坦。
果实球形,黑色,直径约5毫米,有不明显的棱;宿存花柱很粗短,长1毫米或稍短;柱头头状。花期11~12月,果期12月。 [[File:鸭掌木2.jpg|缩略图|鸭掌木2[https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=0&ipn=d&word=%E9%B8%AD%E6%8E%8C%E6%9C%A8&step_word=&hs=2&pn=1&spn=0&di=2750&pi=0&rn=1&tn=baiduimagedetail&is=0%2C0&istype=0&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&cs=3485592362%2C2715967136&os=2509577904%2C1136773292&simid=4043088123%2C649149807&adpicid=0&lpn=0&ln=1752&fr=&fmq=1594880319018_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&ist=&jit=&cg=&bdtype=0&oriquery=&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fimg.alicdn.com%2Fimgextra%2Fi1%2FTB1J3__a1ySBuNjy1zdXXXPxFXa_!!0-item_pic.jpg_400x400.jpg&fromurl=ippr_z2C%24qAzdH3FAzdH3Fooo_z%26e3Bow15g2xt_z%26e3Bv54AzdH3F6fAzdH3F53sthg52t5t45234ht5uhjhi5i3st252hwsg&gsm=1&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&islist=&querylist=&force=undefined 原图链接]]]
==繁殖方法==
===[[播种]]===
于1月份后采收黑色球形浆果,用细沙拌和后搓揉去果皮果肉,再用清水漂洗去空瘪种粒,即可得到干净饱满的种籽,可行随采随播,也可先行沙藏催芽,等种粒裂口露白后,再行盆播或地播。用腐叶土或沙土盆播,覆土深度约为种子直径的1~2倍。种子发芽适温为20~25 ℃,保持盆土或苗床湿润,随采随播者在适宜的温度条件下,约15~20 天即可出苗,经沙藏催芽后再行播种者,在适温下一周后即可出土。生长良好。出苗后应及时搭棚遮荫,秋季给予全光照,冬季加盖地膜防寒,只要苗床局部空间的环境温度不低于5 ℃,一般可平安过冬。留床培育一年,再行扩距移栽,或直接用于上盆。 [4[File:鸭掌木3.jpg|缩略图|鸭掌木3[https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=0&ipn=d&word=%E9%B8%AD%E6%8E%8C%E6%9C%A8&step_word=&hs=2&pn=2&spn=0&di=179960&pi=0&rn=1&tn=baiduimagedetail&is=0%2C0&istype=0&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&cs=3031765781%2C3147939818&os=1058354319%2C153497210&simid=4279457871%2C781147419&adpicid=0&lpn=0&ln=1752&fr=&fmq=1594880319018_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&ist=&jit=&cg=&bdtype=0&oriquery=&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fpic8.58cdn.com.cn%2Fzhuanzh%2Fn_v2ac2358965278421ea70efa77c1e57de3.jpg%3Fw%3D750%26h%3D0&fromurl=ippr_z2C%24qAzdH3FAzdH3Fzi7wgzi7wg_z%26e3B2wg3t_z%26e3Bv54AzdH3F1jpwtsAzdH3Flbd9dnnbnc9c8adn9cz_z%26e3Bfip4s&gsm=1&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&islist=&querylist=&force=undefined 原图链接]] ]
===[[扦插]]===
全光雾扦插:用塑料薄膜或小玻璃温室创造高湿度的小环境,使鹅掌柴在高温高湿条件下快速繁殖。先将扦插槽底铺一层砖,上面铺一层厚30厘米已消毒的素沙土,选当年生长8厘米的嫩枝为插穗,插穗的处理同前。将插穗的2/3插入素沙土中,插后喷雾。室温保持15~25℃,每天叶面喷水1次。生根后即可移栽,方法同前。
[[File:鸭掌木4.jpg|缩略图|鸭掌木4[https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=0&ipn=d&word=%E9%B8%AD%E6%8E%8C%E6%9C%A8&step_word=&hs=2&pn=5&spn=0&di=19140&pi=0&rn=1&tn=baiduimagedetail&is=0%2C0&istype=0&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&cs=1200291912%2C2189549403&os=3989952722%2C2091452560&simid=3410720321%2C401839248&adpicid=0&lpn=0&ln=1752&fr=&fmq=1594880319018_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&ist=&jit=&cg=&bdtype=0&oriquery=&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.daojia.com%2Fdop%2Fcustom%2F6f342f83db9b50eff0eb8e11a5301db0.jpg&fromurl=ippr_z2C%24qAzdH3FAzdH3Fxw_z%26e3B1w53tw_z%26e3Bv54AzdH3Fxtwgi7wsezitAzdH3Fdm9bdnx_z%26e3Bip4s&gsm=5&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&islist=&querylist=&force=undefined 原图链接]]]
高枝压条:4~6月选取2年生枝条,环状剥皮,宽1厘米,用1份湿苔鲜或针叶土与1份田园土混合后包住伤口,用塑料薄膜扎紧两端。晴天每天用注射器浇水,保持基质的湿度。生根后从与母株相连处剪断,即可移栽,方法同前。 [5]
鹅掌柴夏季最适宜生长环境为半阴条件,所以夏季生长季节要放在荫处养护,户外栽植需用70% 遮阳网遮荫,防止烈日暴晒,以免叶片灼伤、叶色暗淡;冬季不须遮光,每天有4小时以上的直射阳光,就能生长良好。斑叶品种,光照太强或太弱,都会导致叶片的斑块不明显,失去应有的观值。
[[File:鸭掌木5.jpg|缩略图|鸭掌木5[https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=0&ipn=d&word=%E9%B8%AD%E6%8E%8C%E6%9C%A8&step_word=&hs=2&pn=10&spn=0&di=32780&pi=0&rn=1&tn=baiduimagedetail&is=0%2C0&istype=0&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&cs=3307279439%2C1047645910&os=2677041279%2C1493278977&simid=3562464265%2C522073797&adpicid=0&lpn=0&ln=1752&fr=&fmq=1594880319018_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&ist=&jit=&cg=&bdtype=0&oriquery=&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fpic1.huashichang.com%2F2015%2F0822%2F23%2F55d89bd9c9c5d.jpg&fromurl=ippr_z2C%24qAzdH3FAzdH3Fooo_z%26e3Bwti7i7w_z%26e3Bv54AzdH3Fp7rtwgAzdH3Fp7rtwgjlm_z%26e3Bip4s&gsm=9&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&islist=&querylist=&force=undefined 原图链接]]]
==适量浇水==
==整形修剪==
鹅掌柴易萌发徒长枝,平时要注意整形修剪,以促进侧枝萌生,保持良好的树形。幼株进行疏剪和轻剪,以造型为主。老株体形过于庞大时,可结合换盆进行重剪,剪除大部分枝条,同时也须将根部切去一部分,重新盆栽,使新叶萌发。 [6[File:鸭掌木6.jpg|缩略图|鸭掌木6[https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=0&ipn=d&word=%E9%B8%AD%E6%8E%8C%E6%9C%A8&step_word=&hs=2&pn=11&spn=0&di=30470&pi=0&rn=1&tn=baiduimagedetail&is=0%2C0&istype=0&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&cs=3032995377%2C2415849754&os=4016456433%2C2302327581&simid=3399854544%2C449822544&adpicid=0&lpn=0&ln=1752&fr=&fmq=1594880319018_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&ist=&jit=&cg=&bdtype=0&oriquery=&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fp.shancaoxiang.com%2F2018%2F0402%2F201604272010352603.jpg&fromurl=ippr_z2C%24qAzdH3FAzdH3Fooo_z%26e3Bfiwgvw5xtwg2_z%26e3Bv54AzdH3Fktg2vi5g2AzdH3Fda8bacab9amn9_z%26e3Bip4s&gsm=9&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&islist=&querylist=&force=undefined 原图链接]] ]
==病虫防治==
1,025
次編輯