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雨燕科
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'''雨燕科'''（學名''Apodidae''）通称'''雨燕'''，在[[动物分类学]]上是[[鸟纲]][[雨燕目]]中的一个[[科 (生物)|科]]。雨燕是飞翔速度最快的鸟类，常在空中捕食[[昆虫]]，翼长而腿、脚弱小。雨燕分布广泛，有些种类在高[[纬度]]地区繁殖而到[[热带]]地区越冬，是著名的[[候鸟]]，有些则是热带地区的留鸟。雨燕科下共有18属84种。 == 外形 ==本科鸟类头无羽冠，羽毛有较大形的副羽；跗蹠及趾均强。翼尖长、足短，着陆后双翼折叠，翼尖长越尾端。雨燕科的鸟为前趾足，即四个脚趾都朝前，爪长而曲，跗蹠长度不短于中趾（不连爪），后趾能逆转；头骨为雀腭型，缺基翼突。 == 习性 == 由于翼尖长，雨燕科鸟类具有很强的飞翔力，飞行速度极快而敏捷，但足短，不善于行走。雨燕 科鸟类常结群飞翔，在飞行中捕食[[昆虫]]。雨燕科的鸟多结群营巢于岩洞、悬崖峭壁的岩隙和楼、塔等建筑物的屋檐或顶部蔽风雨处。其[[唾液]]腺发达，用唾液粘合巢材，巢多固着岩壁或建筑物上。每窝产卵两枚或三枚，卵壳多呈白色。 == 经济意义 ==雨燕科鸟类中许多种类的巢，俗称“[[燕窝]]”，是传统的滋补品。同时雨燕对抑制蚊、蝇、蚋等卫生害虫及森林和农业害虫也很有益处。 == 种类 ===== 黑雨燕亚科(Cypseloidinae) ==='''Cypseloides''' <br />[[栗领黑雨燕]] (Cypseloides rutilus) <br />[[费氏黑雨燕]] (Cypseloides phelpsi) <br />[[黑雨燕]] (Cypseloides niger) <br />[[白胸黑雨燕]] (Cypseloides lemosi) <br />[[罗氏黑雨燕]] (Cypseloides rothschildi) <br />[[乌黑雨燕]] (Cypseloides fumigatus) <br />[[斑额黑雨燕]] (Cypseloides cherriei) <br />[[白颏黑雨燕]] (Cypseloides cryptus) <br />[[白额黑雨燕]] (Cypseloides storeri) <br />[[大黑雨燕]] (Cypseloides senex) '''Streptoprocne''' <br />[[白领黑雨燕]] (Streptoprocne zonaris) <br /> [[巴西黑雨燕]] (Streptoprocne biscutata) <br />[[白枕黑雨燕]] (Streptoprocne semicollaris) <br />=== 雨燕亚科(Apodinae) ======= 族：Collocalini ===='''Collocalia''' <br />[[白腹金丝燕]] (Collocalia esculenta) <br />[[穴金丝燕]] (Collocalia linchi) <br />[[侏金丝燕]] (Collocalia troglodytes) '''Aerodramus''' <br />[[塞舌尔金丝燕]] (Aerodramus elaphrus) <br />[[小灰腰金丝燕]] (Aerodramus francicus) <br />[[印度金丝燕]] (Aerodramus unicolor) <br />[[菲律宾金丝燕]] (Aerodramus mearnsi) <br />[[摩鹿加金丝燕]] (Aerodramus infuscatus) <br />[[山金丝燕]] (Aerodramus hirundinaceus) <br />[[白腰金丝燕]] (Aerodramus spodiopygius) <br />[[澳大利亚金丝燕]] (Aerodramus terraereginae) <br />[[短嘴金丝燕]] (Aerodramus brevirostris) <br />[[东南亚金丝燕]] (Aerodramus rogersi) <br />[[火山金丝燕]] (Aerodramus vulcanorum) <br />[[怀氏金丝燕]] (Aerodramus whiteheadi) <br />[[裸腿金丝燕]] (Aerodramus nuditarsus) <br />[[麦氏金丝燕]] (Aerodramus orientalis) <br />[[苔巢金丝燕]] (Aerodramus salangana) <br />[[纯色金丝燕]] (Aerodramus vanikorensis) <br />[[帕劳金丝燕]] (Aerodramus pelewensis) <br />[[关岛金丝燕]] (Aerodramus bartschi) <br />[[卡罗琳金丝燕]] (Aerodramus inquietus) <br />[[库岛金丝燕]] (Aerodramus sawtelli) <br />[[塔岛金丝燕]] (Aerodramus leucophaeus) <br />[[马克萨金丝燕]] (Aerodramus ocistus) <br />[[大金丝燕]] (Aerodramus maximus) <br />[[爪哇金丝燕]] (Aerodramus fuciphagus) <br />[[淡腰金丝燕]] (Aerodramus germani) <br />[[巴布亚金丝燕]] (Aerodramus papuensis) <br />[[巴拉望金丝燕]] (Aerodramus palawanensis) '''Hydrochous'''<br />[[瀑布雨燕]] (Hydrochous gigas) '''Schoutedenapus '''<br />[[珍雨燕]] (Schoutedenapus myoptilus) <br />[[斯氏雨燕]] (Schoutedenapus schoutedeni) ==== 族：Chaeturini ===='''Mearnsia'''<br />[[白喉针尾雨燕]] (Mearnsia picina) <br /> [[新几内亚雨燕]] (Mearnsia novaeguineae) '''Zoonavena'''<br />[[马岛雨燕]] (Zoonavena grandidieri) <br />[[圣多美雨燕]] (Zoonavena thomensis) <br />[[白腰针尾雨燕]] (Zoonavena sylvatica) '''Telacanthura'''<br />[[斑喉针尾雨燕]] (Telacanthura ussheri) <br />[[黑针尾雨燕]] (Telacanthura melanopygia) '''Rhaphidura'''<br />[[银腰针尾雨燕]] (Raphidura leucopygialis) <br />[[萨氏针尾雨燕]] (Raphidura sabini) '''Neafrapus'''<br />[[白腹针尾雨燕]] (Neafrapus cassini) <br />[[伯氏针尾雨燕]] (Neafrapus boehmi) '''Hirundapus'''<br />[[白喉针尾雨燕]] (Hirundapus caudacutus) <br />[[白背针尾雨燕]] (Hirundapus cochinchinensis) <br />[[褐背针尾雨燕]] (Hirundapus giganteus) <br />[[紫针尾雨燕]] (Hirundapus celebensis) '''Chaetura'''<br />[[斑腰雨燕]] (Chaetura spinicauda) <br />[[安岛雨燕]] (Chaetura martinica) <br />[[淡腰雨燕]] (Chaetura cinereiventris) <br />[[苍腰雨燕]] (Chaetura egregia) <br />[[烟囱雨燕]] (Chaetura pelagica) <br />[[沃氏雨燕]] (Chaetura vauxi) <br />[[查氏雨燕]] (Chaetura chapmani) <br />[[短尾雨燕]] (Chaetura brachyura) <br />[[灰尾雨燕]] (Chaetura andrei) ==== 族：Apodini ===='''Aeronautes'''<br />[[白喉雨燕]] (Aeronautes saxatalis) <br />[[白尾梢雨燕]] (Aeronautes montivagus) <br />[[安第斯雨燕]] (Aeronautes andecolus) '''Tachornis'''<br />[[西印棕雨燕]] (Tachornis phoenicobia) <br />[[侏棕雨燕]] (Tachornis furcata) <br />[[叉尾棕雨燕]] (Tachornis squamata) '''Panyptila'''<br />[[大燕尾雨燕]] (Panyptila sanctihieronymi) <br />[[小燕尾雨燕]] (Panyptila cayennensis) '''Cypsiurus'''<br />[[非洲棕雨燕]] (Cypsiurus parvus) <br />[[棕雨燕]] (Cypsiurus balasiensis) '''Tachymarptis'''<br />[[高山雨燕]] (Tachymarptis melba) <br />[[杂斑雨燕]] (Tachymarptis aequatorialis) '''Apus'''<br />[[亚氏雨燕]] (Apus alexandri) <br />[[普通樓燕]] (Apus apus) <br />[[纯色雨燕]] (Apus unicolor) <br />[[尼安萨雨燕]] (Apus niansae) <br />[[苍雨燕]] (Apus pallidus) <br />[[非洲黑雨燕]] (Apus barbatus) <br />[[伯氏雨燕]] (Apus berliozi) <br />[[布氏雨燕]] (Apus bradfieldi) <br />[[白腰雨燕]] (Apus pacificus) <br />[[暗背雨燕]] (Apus acuticauda) <br />[[小雨燕]] (Apus affinis) <br />[[小白腰雨燕]] (Apus nipalensis) <br />[[白眉雨燕]] (Apus horus) <br />[[非洲白腰雨燕]] (Apus caffer)<br />[[贝氏雨燕]] (Apus batesi) == 参考文献 ==