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圣座

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無編輯摘要
==历史==
[[File:罗马教廷1.jpg|缩略图|左|[https://baike.baidu.com/pic/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%95%99%E5%BB%B7/2944482/0/fc1f4134970a304ea242b861d3c8a786c8175ccc?fr=lemma&ct=single#aid=0&pic=fc1f4134970a304ea242b861d3c8a786c8175ccc 原图链接]罗马教廷]]
自中世纪开始罗马主教领地就被视为一种主权实体。453年就有派遣教宗代表由理主教前往[[君士坦丁堡]]面见皇帝的例子,然而这些派遣并非长驻大使。
==外交==
 
[[File:罗马教廷2.jpg|缩略图|225px|left|thumb|[https://image.baidu.com/search/redirect?tn=redirect&word=j&juid=11F116&sign=ckwckbbbwz&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftupian.baike.com%2Fs%2F%25E7%25BC%2583%25E6%25A5%2585%25E2%2594%2588%25E9%258F%2581%25E6%25AC%258F%25E7%258E%25AF%2Fxgtupian%2F1%2F1&objurl=https%3A%2F%2Ftimgsa.baidu.com%2Ftimg%3Fimage%26quality%3D80%26size%3Db9999_10000%26sec%3D1581587865227%26di%3D1fda44feabcf620d17156ab2ceb74bfe%26imgtype%3D0%26src%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fa4.att.hudong.com%252F15%252F86%252F01300000328622123622867568048.jpg 原图链接]位于[[梵蒂冈]]的行政宫]]
虽然教宗是梵蒂冈城国的国家元首,但是圣座和各国建立外交关系时(如交换使节),并非以梵蒂冈城国的政权身分,而是以圣座这个主权实体的身分,事实上在教皇国灭亡(1870年)到圣座与意大利政府签定《拉特朗条约》成立梵蒂冈城国(1929年)的五十九年期间,圣座依然和许多国家通使邦交。
==地理==
 
[[File:罗马教廷5.png|缩略图|[http://www.qulishi.com/huati/luomajiaoting/ 原图链接]罗马教廷]]
梵蒂冈是天主教会最高权力机构圣座的所在地,也是教宗的驻地所在。全称为梵蒂冈城国,是位于[[意大利]]首都[[罗马市]]西北角高地的一个内陆内飞地城邦国家。
== 国际法中的地位 ==
 
[[File:罗马教廷3.jpg|缩略图|[http://www.tieba.com/p/2393608348 原图链接]罗马教廷]]
无论在国际惯例还是在当代法律中,圣座都被[[国际公法]]承认,在权利与义务上等同于[[主权国家]]。圣座不同于梵蒂冈城,并不具备[[国际法]]关于[[主权国家]]的标准——有常住人口,一定的领土,稳定的政府,有能力与别国建交{{NoteTag|These criteria for statehood were first authoritatively enunciated at the [[蒙特维多国家权利义务公约|''Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States'']] on Rights and Duties of States, signed by American states on 26 December 1933.}}。
== 圣座外交 ==
 
[[File:罗马教廷4.jpg|缩略图|[https://image.baidu.com/search/redirect?tn=redirect&word=j&juid=11F116&sign=ckwckwecbi&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinlue.com%2Farticle%2F2018%2F05%2F0710%2F036293699631.html&bakfurl1=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sohu.com%2Fa%2F230684282_99932614&bakfurl2=http%3A%2F%2Fmt.sohu.com%2F20180507%2Fn536891894.shtml&objurl=https%3A%2F%2Ftimgsa.baidu.com%2Ftimg%3Fimage%26quality%3D80%26size%3Db9999_10000%26sec%3D1581592253391%26di%3D4dfbe93582a4653db5a6ae506fb8dad0%26imgtype%3D0%26src%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fimage4.pinlue.com%252Fimg86%252F5b0988e595225%252Fimages%252F20180507%252F608ba9894f104b58ae2e78596b4d88c5.jpg 原图链接]罗马教廷]]
{{Main|圣座外交}}
圣座与180个主权国家和地区、[[马尔他骑士团]]、[[欧盟]]、以及[[中华民国]]和[[巴勒斯坦国]]等[[政治实体]]建立[[外交关系]]<ref>[http://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/documentazione/documents/corpo-diplomatico_index_en.html#top Bilateral and Multilateral Relations of the Holy See]. The Vatican. (31 May 2007). Retrieved on 11 September 2011.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.zenit.org/article-34102?l=english |title = 179 states have full diplomatic relations with the Holy See |publisher = [[Zenit News Agency]] |date = 2012-01-11 |accessdate = 2012-01-20 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120116144434/http://www.zenit.org/article-34102?l=english |archivedate = 2012年1月16日 }}</ref>。89个驻圣座的外交使节机构都座落在罗马。<ref>{{cite web |title=Informative Note on the Diplomatic Relations of the Holy See, 07.01.2019 |url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2019/01/07/190107a.html |publisher=Holy See Press Office |accessdate=2019-12-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208122548/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2019/01/07/190107a.html |archivedate=2019-12-08 |language=en |date=2019-01-07}}</ref>
 
==视频1:罗马教廷==
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==视频2:罗马教皇的一部教谕,直接要了欧洲三分之二人的性命==
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== 注释 ==
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