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须弥芥·查看源代码讨论查看历史

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须弥芥( xū mí jiè),学名 Crucihimalaya himalaica (Edgeworth) Al-Shehbaz et al.,俗名:喜马拉雅鼠耳芥

异名:Arabidopsis himalaica Arabis himalaica Arabis rupestris Arabidopsis brevicaulis Arabis brevicaulis Sisymbrium rupestre Hesperis himalaica Sisymbrium himalaicum Arabidopsis himalaica var. integrifolia Arabidopsis himalaica var. harrissii Arabidopsis himalaica var. rupestris ,十字花科须弥芥属(Crucihimalaya)高山植物。

二年生或多年生草本,高20-60厘米,全株被单毛与2叉毛。茎单一或丛生,直立,多数分枝,下部常为紫色,

茎下部的茎生叶长圆状椭圆形,顶端急尖,边缘有疏齿,基部渐窄成柄;上部的长圆形,顶端尖,边缘有波状齿,

基部抱茎,再向上则变为苞叶。花序伞房状,结果时伸长;花梗长1.5-8毫米;花瓣淡红色,

长圆状椭圆形,爪部窄,果梗长10-12毫米,展开,有时略偏向1侧。种子每室1行,椭圆形,棕色。花期6月。

云南四川西南部、西藏。生于沟谷,冲积扇、沙滩,海拔2000-3000米。[1]

形态特征

二年生或多年生草本,高20-60厘米,全株被单毛与2叉毛。茎单一或丛生,直立,多数分枝,

下部常为紫色,茎下部的茎生叶长圆状椭圆形,顶端急尖,边缘有疏齿,基部渐窄成柄;

上部的长圆形,顶端尖,边缘有波状齿,基部抱茎,再向上则变为苞叶。花序伞房状,

结果时伸长;花梗长1.5-8毫米;萼片长约2.2毫米;花瓣淡红色,长圆状椭圆形,爪部窄,长约3毫米;

子房无毛。长角果长1.5-2.7厘米,宽0.5-0.6毫米;果梗长10-12毫米,展开,

有时略偏向1侧。种子每室1行,椭圆形,长约0.5毫米,棕色。花期6月。

Arabis himalaica Edgeworth, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 31. 1846; Arabidopsis brevicaulis (Jafri) Jafri; A. himalaica (Edgeworth) O. E. Schulz; A. himalaica var. harrissii O. E. Schulz; A. himalaica var. integrifolia O. E. Schulz; A. himalaica var. rupestris (Edgeworth) O. E. Schulz; Arabis brevicaulis Jafri; A. rupestris Edgeworth; Hesperis himalaica (Edgeworth) Kuntze; Sisymbrium himalaicum (Edgeworth) J. D. Hooker & Thomson; S. rupestre (Edgeworth) J. D. Hooker & Thomson.

Herbs annual or biennial, very rarely perennial, (3-)10-50(-70) cm tall. Stems erect, simple or few to many branched at base, densely pubescent with coarse, stalked, stellate and forked trichomes, often basally hirsute with horizontal, simple or forked trichomes to 1.8 mm, rarely glabrescent distally. Basal leaves rosulate, petiolate, often withered by fruiting; petiole (0.3-)0.7-1.5(-2) cm, often ciliate; leaf blade spatulate, oblanceolate, ovate, or oblong, (0.4-)1-3(-4) cm × 2-10(-14) mm, densely pubescent with coarse, stalked, stellate and forked trichomes, margin coarsely dentate or rarely subentire, apex obtuse.

Middle cauline leaves oblong, rarely ovate or lanceolate, sessile, 0.5-2.5(-3.2) cm × 2-7(-11) mm, pubescent as basal leaves, rarely glabrescent, base auriculate or rarely sagittate, margin coarsely dentate or rarely entire, apex acute. Racemes bracteate along entire length or only lowermost few flowers bracteate. Fruiting pedicels slender, stellate pubescent laterally and abaxially, glabrous adaxially, divaricate, (1-)2-7(-11) mm. Sepals often pink, oblong, 1.5-2.5(-3) × 0.7-1 mm, densely pubescent, sometimes narrowly membranous.

Petals purple, pink, or rarely white, spatulate, 2-3.5(-5) × (0.6-)1-1.5(-2) mm, attenuate to base; claw to 1 mm. Filaments 1.5-3 mm; anthers oblong, 0.3-0.5 mm. Ovules 50-110 per ovary. Fruit linear, terete, straight or rarely slightly curved, erect or divaricate-ascending, (0.8-)1.5-3.5(-4.5) cm × (0.4-)0.5-0.8(-1) mm; valves glabrous or rarely puberulent, with an obscure or rarely prominent midvein; style (0.1-)0.4-0.6 mm. Seeds brown, oblong, 0.5-0.8 × 0.2-0.4 mm. Fl. (Mar)Apr-Sep, fr. Jun-Oct. 2n = 16.

分类文献

Arabidopsis himalaica (Edgew.) O. E. Schulz in Engl. Pflanzenr. 86 (4. 105) 283. 1924. ——Arabis himalaica Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 20: 31. 1851. emend. ——Sisymbrium himalaica Hook. f. et Thoms. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 5: 160. 1861; Hook. f. et T. Anders. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 147. 1872.

产地生境

产云南,四川西南部、西藏。生于沟谷,冲积扇、沙滩,海拔2000-3000米。锡金,

克什米尔地区,印度北部及喜马拉雅山东部均有分布。模式标本采自喜马拉雅山东部。

同属物种

须弥芥属包括9个物种,其中中国有6种分布:

柔毛须弥芥(Crucihimalaya mollissima)

毛果须弥芥(Crucihimalaya lasiocarpa)

直须弥芥(Crucihimalaya stricta)

须弥芥(Crucihimalaya himalaica)

腋花须弥芥(Crucihimalaya axillaris)

卵叶须弥芥(Crucihimalaya wallichii)

参考资料

  1. 卵叶须弥芥 植物智,引用日期