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=='''维多利亚宣言'''==
 
  
1992年5月24日至29日在加拿大维多利亚举行的第一届国际心脏健康会议的闭幕会议上,世界卫生组织发布了“维多利亚心脏健康宣言”。全文共491个字,由声明以及执行摘要组成。宣言由国际心脏健康会议咨询委员会编写,同时也有国际心脏健康会议科学和计划委员会的协助。
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1992年5月24日至29日在[[ 加拿大维多利亚]] 举行的第一届[[ 国际心脏健康会议]] 的闭幕会议上,世界卫生组织发布了“维多利亚心脏健康宣言”。全文共491个字,由声明以及执行摘要组成。宣言由国际心脏健康会议咨询委员会编写,同时也有国际心脏健康会议科学和计划委员会的协助。
  
 
1992年WHO发表的《维多利亚宣言》:健康是金,如果一个人失去了健康,那么,他原来所拥有的和正在创造即将拥有的统统为零!
 
1992年WHO发表的《维多利亚宣言》:健康是金,如果一个人失去了健康,那么,他原来所拥有的和正在创造即将拥有的统统为零!
 
中文名 维多利亚宣言 外文名 VictoriaDeclaration on Heart Health 提    出 WHO 发表时间 1992年
 
 
目录
 
 
1 概况
 
 
2 维多利亚宣言原文——声明
 
 
3 维多利亚宣言原文——执行摘要
 
4 四大要素
 
 
▪ 合理膳食
 
 
▪ 适量运动
 
 
▪ 戒烟限酒
 
 
▪ 心理平衡
 
  
 
=='''概况'''==
 
=='''概况'''==
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 预防是健康的保证。据世界卫生组织的调查,导致疾病的因素中,内因15 %,社会因素10%,医疗因素8 % ,气候地理因素7 % ,个人生活方式的因素却占据了60 % ,所以,世界卫生组织于1992年发表了著名的《维多利亚宣言》,提出了健康的四大基石。
 
 预防是健康的保证。据世界卫生组织的调查,导致疾病的因素中,内因15 %,社会因素10%,医疗因素8 % ,气候地理因素7 % ,个人生活方式的因素却占据了60 % ,所以,世界卫生组织于1992年发表了著名的《维多利亚宣言》,提出了健康的四大基石。
  
=='''维多利亚宣言原文''' ——声明==
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=='''维多利亚宣言原文'''==
 +
 
 
Recognizing that the scientific knowledge and widely tested methods exist to prevent most cardiovascular disease, the Advisory Board of the International Heart Health Conference calls upon professionals in health care, media, education and social science, and their associations, the scientific research community, government agencies concerned with health, education, trade, commerce and agriculture, the private sector, international organizations and agencies concerned with health and economic development, community health coalitions, voluntary health organizations and employers to join forces in eliminating this modern epidemic through the adoption of policies and the implementation of programs of health promotion and disease prevention, as well as through regulatory change directed at entire populations.
 
Recognizing that the scientific knowledge and widely tested methods exist to prevent most cardiovascular disease, the Advisory Board of the International Heart Health Conference calls upon professionals in health care, media, education and social science, and their associations, the scientific research community, government agencies concerned with health, education, trade, commerce and agriculture, the private sector, international organizations and agencies concerned with health and economic development, community health coalitions, voluntary health organizations and employers to join forces in eliminating this modern epidemic through the adoption of policies and the implementation of programs of health promotion and disease prevention, as well as through regulatory change directed at entire populations.
  
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=='''维多利亚宣言原文'''——执行摘要==
 
=='''维多利亚宣言原文'''——执行摘要==
 +
 
Cardiovascular disease is largely preventable. We have the scientific knowledge to create a world in which heart disease and stroke are rare. In such a world everyone, from infant to elderly person, would have access to and would practise positive healthy living. In most cases cardiovascular disease is brought about by some combination of the following factors: smoking, high blood pressure, elevated blood cholesterol level, unhealthy dietary habits (including excessive alcohol consumption), obesity, a sedentary lifestyle and psychosocial stress. Healthy living includes good nutrition, a tobacco-free lifestyle, regular physical exercise and supportive environments. To implement a global policy of cardiovascular disease prevention, we must unite people and their communities with health care professionals, scientists, industry and policymakers. From studying downward trends in cardiovascular disease in certain industrialized countries, we are learning how to reduce the toll of such disease, although it still remains a major problem. The primary challenge now is to maintain the downward trend while assisting and encouraging countries where rates of heart disease are increasing (developing countries and those in central and eastern Europe) to prevent the epidemic from spreading. The prescription is simple. To implement it is more difficult. The promotion of heart health on a global scale requires clear agreement on policy principles, implementation processes and the partnerships to make it happen. The prevention of cardiovascular disease requires the prevention of the onset of risk factors in children and youth everywhere and in entire populations of countries where cardiovascular disease has not yet reached epidemic proportions as well as the elimination or reduction of risk factors in all populations. The control of cardiovascular disease requires healthy living for everybody, regardless of age, sex, race or socioeconomic status. It also requires equitable access and appropriate treatment for people who are at high risk of or have cardiovascular disease. This will require mutual assistance involving people and communities within countries and between nations; a balance between prevention and treatment and between basic, applied and evaluative research; extensive communication, education and feedback evaluation at all levels; and action by individuals, many professional associations, communities and governments. The advisory board believes that all concerned with improving the health and quality of life of people around the world have a responsibility to heed this "call for action." It can be done.
 
Cardiovascular disease is largely preventable. We have the scientific knowledge to create a world in which heart disease and stroke are rare. In such a world everyone, from infant to elderly person, would have access to and would practise positive healthy living. In most cases cardiovascular disease is brought about by some combination of the following factors: smoking, high blood pressure, elevated blood cholesterol level, unhealthy dietary habits (including excessive alcohol consumption), obesity, a sedentary lifestyle and psychosocial stress. Healthy living includes good nutrition, a tobacco-free lifestyle, regular physical exercise and supportive environments. To implement a global policy of cardiovascular disease prevention, we must unite people and their communities with health care professionals, scientists, industry and policymakers. From studying downward trends in cardiovascular disease in certain industrialized countries, we are learning how to reduce the toll of such disease, although it still remains a major problem. The primary challenge now is to maintain the downward trend while assisting and encouraging countries where rates of heart disease are increasing (developing countries and those in central and eastern Europe) to prevent the epidemic from spreading. The prescription is simple. To implement it is more difficult. The promotion of heart health on a global scale requires clear agreement on policy principles, implementation processes and the partnerships to make it happen. The prevention of cardiovascular disease requires the prevention of the onset of risk factors in children and youth everywhere and in entire populations of countries where cardiovascular disease has not yet reached epidemic proportions as well as the elimination or reduction of risk factors in all populations. The control of cardiovascular disease requires healthy living for everybody, regardless of age, sex, race or socioeconomic status. It also requires equitable access and appropriate treatment for people who are at high risk of or have cardiovascular disease. This will require mutual assistance involving people and communities within countries and between nations; a balance between prevention and treatment and between basic, applied and evaluative research; extensive communication, education and feedback evaluation at all levels; and action by individuals, many professional associations, communities and governments. The advisory board believes that all concerned with improving the health and quality of life of people around the world have a responsibility to heed this "call for action." It can be done.
  
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=='''四大要素'''==
 
=='''四大要素'''==
  
合理膳食
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''' 合理膳食'''
  
 
 健康的第一基石,可概括为“五个数字”、“五种颜色”:
 
 健康的第一基石,可概括为“五个数字”、“五种颜色”:
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 白:像燕麦粉,燕麦片,不但降低胆固醇,降低甘油三酯,对于糖尿病人和减肥的人也有很好的效果。
 
 白:像燕麦粉,燕麦片,不但降低胆固醇,降低甘油三酯,对于糖尿病人和减肥的人也有很好的效果。
  
 黑:黑木耳可以降低血液的黏度。 [1]
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 黑:黑木耳可以降低血液的黏度。
  
适量运动
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''' 适量运动'''
  
 
 生命在于运动,但要有适度,每个人要根据自己的实际情况,选择合适的运动方式,养成科学的运动习惯。对于多数健康人来说,衡量运动适量的标准,国际上流行的办法采用心跳速度的幅度来衡量:(220-年龄)*65%~85%,只要在此范围内运动,都能收到最佳效果,并能保证运动的安全性。
 
 生命在于运动,但要有适度,每个人要根据自己的实际情况,选择合适的运动方式,养成科学的运动习惯。对于多数健康人来说,衡量运动适量的标准,国际上流行的办法采用心跳速度的幅度来衡量:(220-年龄)*65%~85%,只要在此范围内运动,都能收到最佳效果,并能保证运动的安全性。
 +
 
 以老年人为例,世界卫生组织认为,走路是最佳的运动,但要注意“三、五、七”的要决,“三”指每次步行三公里,时间超过30分钟,“五”是说每星期最少运动5次,“七”指的是“年龄+心跳”得数不要超过170次。另外,还可以练练太极拳,研究表明,坚持练太极拳的,他的神经平衡功能可以年轻三到十年。
 
 以老年人为例,世界卫生组织认为,走路是最佳的运动,但要注意“三、五、七”的要决,“三”指每次步行三公里,时间超过30分钟,“五”是说每星期最少运动5次,“七”指的是“年龄+心跳”得数不要超过170次。另外,还可以练练太极拳,研究表明,坚持练太极拳的,他的神经平衡功能可以年轻三到十年。
  
戒烟限酒
+
''' 戒烟限酒'''
  
 
 吸烟对人体百害而无一利,可以引起慢性支器官炎,肺部疾病,还增加了心脏病和高血压的危险,因此,要把烟戒掉。
 
 吸烟对人体百害而无一利,可以引起慢性支器官炎,肺部疾病,还增加了心脏病和高血压的危险,因此,要把烟戒掉。
 +
 
 适量饮酒可以促进血液循环,过量就会对五脏的健康不利,影响消化吸收和营养物质的新陈代谢,对各种疾病的治疗和康复也有较大的负面影响。
 
 适量饮酒可以促进血液循环,过量就会对五脏的健康不利,影响消化吸收和营养物质的新陈代谢,对各种疾病的治疗和康复也有较大的负面影响。
  
心理平衡
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''' 心理平衡'''
  
 
 这是最关键的一条,比其他一切因素都重要。
 
 这是最关键的一条,比其他一切因素都重要。
 +
 
 世界卫生组织指出,生理,心理,社会人际适应的完满状态才是健康,心理健康,生理才能健康,古人说:“恬淡虚无,真气从之;精神内守,病安从来”,就是这个道理。谁会自我调节,心态健康,谁就拥有一个健康的身体。
 
 世界卫生组织指出,生理,心理,社会人际适应的完满状态才是健康,心理健康,生理才能健康,古人说:“恬淡虚无,真气从之;精神内守,病安从来”,就是这个道理。谁会自我调节,心态健康,谁就拥有一个健康的身体。
 +
 
 心理健康,就是我们所说的保持良好的心态,因为疾病在很大程度上受心理因素的影响。美国科学家曾经作过实验,他们给高血压患者服用了装满淀粉的胶囊,却告诉他们是降压药,结果,再次检测时,许多人的血压恢复了正常,大量研究表明,心理健康的人抵抗力强,少得病,即使生病也会很快痊愈。
 
 心理健康,就是我们所说的保持良好的心态,因为疾病在很大程度上受心理因素的影响。美国科学家曾经作过实验,他们给高血压患者服用了装满淀粉的胶囊,却告诉他们是降压药,结果,再次检测时,许多人的血压恢复了正常,大量研究表明,心理健康的人抵抗力强,少得病,即使生病也会很快痊愈。
  
 
 那么,怎样保持稳定的心态呢?三句话:正确对待自己,正确对待他人,正确对待社会。也就是说,一方面要正确对待自己,不要居功自傲,也不要妄自菲薄;另一方面,正确对待他人,正确对待社会,永远对社会存有感激之心。此外,还要做到三个快乐:顺境时助人为乐,平常知足长乐,逆境时自得其乐。
 
 那么,怎样保持稳定的心态呢?三句话:正确对待自己,正确对待他人,正确对待社会。也就是说,一方面要正确对待自己,不要居功自傲,也不要妄自菲薄;另一方面,正确对待他人,正确对待社会,永远对社会存有感激之心。此外,还要做到三个快乐:顺境时助人为乐,平常知足长乐,逆境时自得其乐。
 +
 
 “冰冻三尺,非一日之寒”,保持心理平衡需要科学理论与生活实践的长期磨练。
 
 “冰冻三尺,非一日之寒”,保持心理平衡需要科学理论与生活实践的长期磨练。
  
 哲学家说,“[[性格决定命运]]”,在我们看来,“[[生活方式决定健康]]。”只要按照科学规律生活,就能健康享受每一天,实现个人幸福,家庭幸福,社会幸福。  
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 哲学家说,“[[性格决定命运]]”,在我们看来,“[[生活方式决定健康]]。”只要按照科学规律生活,就能健康享受每一天,实现个人幸福,家庭幸福,社会幸福。<ref>[https://www.sohu.com/a/420790254_374224    著名作家 维多利亚 •希斯洛普 誓成为希腊公民], 搜狐2020年9月25 </ref>
 
 
<ref>[https://www.baidu.com/s?rtt=1&bsst=1&cl=2&tn=news&ie=utf-8&word=%E7%BB%B4%E5%A4%9A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E5%9B%9B%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%99    维多利亚宣 ], 网易 9月1
 
 
 
 
==参考文献==
 
==参考文献==
 
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[[Category:800 語言、文學類]]

於 2021年10月13日 (三) 13:15 的最新修訂

         
 維多利亞宣言

 

 

 

1992年5月24日至29日在加拿大維多利亞舉行的第一屆國際心臟健康會議的閉幕會議上,世界衛生組織發布了「維多利亞心臟健康宣言」。全文共491個字,由聲明以及執行摘要組成。宣言由國際心臟健康會議諮詢委員會編寫,同時也有國際心臟健康會議科學和計劃委員會的協助。

1992年WHO發表的《維多利亞宣言》:健康是金,如果一個人失去了健康,那麼,他原來所擁有的和正在創造即將擁有的統統為零!

概況

預防是健康的保證。據世界衛生組織的調查,導致疾病的因素中,內因15 %,社會因素10%,醫療因素8 % ,氣候地理因素7 % ,個人生活方式的因素卻占據了60 % ,所以,世界衛生組織於1992年發表了著名的《維多利亞宣言》,提出了健康的四大基石。

維多利亞宣言原文

Recognizing that the scientific knowledge and widely tested methods exist to prevent most cardiovascular disease, the Advisory Board of the International Heart Health Conference calls upon professionals in health care, media, education and social science, and their associations, the scientific research community, government agencies concerned with health, education, trade, commerce and agriculture, the private sector, international organizations and agencies concerned with health and economic development, community health coalitions, voluntary health organizations and employers to join forces in eliminating this modern epidemic through the adoption of policies and the implementation of programs of health promotion and disease prevention, as well as through regulatory change directed at entire populations.

國際心臟健康會議諮詢委員會呼籲:鑑於在大多數心血管疾病的預防中已有科學知識和廣泛測試的方法,委員會呼籲,醫療、媒體、教育和社會科學及其協會,科學研究界,政府機構的專業人員(衛生,教育,貿易,商業和農業,私營部門,國際組織和與衛生和經濟發展有關的機構),社區衛生聯盟,自願衛生組織和僱主落實政策並聯合動員通過實施健康促進和疾病預防計劃來消除這一現代流行病,並將政策變革落實到全體人口。

維多利亞宣言原文——執行摘要

Cardiovascular disease is largely preventable. We have the scientific knowledge to create a world in which heart disease and stroke are rare. In such a world everyone, from infant to elderly person, would have access to and would practise positive healthy living. In most cases cardiovascular disease is brought about by some combination of the following factors: smoking, high blood pressure, elevated blood cholesterol level, unhealthy dietary habits (including excessive alcohol consumption), obesity, a sedentary lifestyle and psychosocial stress. Healthy living includes good nutrition, a tobacco-free lifestyle, regular physical exercise and supportive environments. To implement a global policy of cardiovascular disease prevention, we must unite people and their communities with health care professionals, scientists, industry and policymakers. From studying downward trends in cardiovascular disease in certain industrialized countries, we are learning how to reduce the toll of such disease, although it still remains a major problem. The primary challenge now is to maintain the downward trend while assisting and encouraging countries where rates of heart disease are increasing (developing countries and those in central and eastern Europe) to prevent the epidemic from spreading. The prescription is simple. To implement it is more difficult. The promotion of heart health on a global scale requires clear agreement on policy principles, implementation processes and the partnerships to make it happen. The prevention of cardiovascular disease requires the prevention of the onset of risk factors in children and youth everywhere and in entire populations of countries where cardiovascular disease has not yet reached epidemic proportions as well as the elimination or reduction of risk factors in all populations. The control of cardiovascular disease requires healthy living for everybody, regardless of age, sex, race or socioeconomic status. It also requires equitable access and appropriate treatment for people who are at high risk of or have cardiovascular disease. This will require mutual assistance involving people and communities within countries and between nations; a balance between prevention and treatment and between basic, applied and evaluative research; extensive communication, education and feedback evaluation at all levels; and action by individuals, many professional associations, communities and governments. The advisory board believes that all concerned with improving the health and quality of life of people around the world have a responsibility to heed this "call for action." It can be done.

心血管疾病在很大程度上是可以預防的。我們擁有的科學知識可以創造一個心臟病和中風成為罕見病的世界。在這樣一個世界上,從嬰兒到老年人,每個人都將獲得積極的健康生活。在大多數情況下,心血管疾病是由以下因素的某些組合引起的:吸煙,高血壓,血膽固醇水平升高,不健康的飲食習慣(包括過量飲酒),肥胖,久坐不動的生活方式和社會心理壓力。而健康生活包括良好的營養,無煙生活方式,定期體育鍛煉和支持性環境。為了實施全球心血管疾病預防政策,我們必須將人員及其社區與醫療保健專業人員,科學家,行業和政策制定者聯合起來。儘管這仍然是一個主要問題,但我們通過研究某些工業化國家心血管疾病的下降趨勢,得到了如何減少此類疾病死亡人數的經驗。主要挑戰的是保持下降趨勢,同時協助和鼓勵心臟病發病率上升的國家(發展中國家和中歐和東歐國家)防止這種流行病蔓延。處方很簡單,實施它則更加困難。在全球範圍內,無論心血管疾病是否達到流行病比例,各地區都應明確將政策原則、實施過程和實現這一目標的夥伴關系統一起來消除或減少所有人群中危險因素的國家的整個人群中危險因素的發生。心血管疾病的控制需要每個人的健康生活,無論年齡,性別,種族或社會經濟狀況如何。還需要對患有高風險或患有心血管疾病的人得到平等且適當的治療。這將需要國內與國際的、人民與社會的廣泛互助;預防與治療、基礎與應用和評估與研究之間的平衡;各級廣泛的溝通、教育和反饋評估;以及個人、各專業協會、社區和政府的行動。諮詢委員會認為,所有關心改善全世界人民健康和生活質量的人都有責任關注這種「行動呼籲」,我們終將獲得勝利。

四大要素

合理膳食

健康的第一基石,可概括為「五個數字」、「五種顏色」:

1、 每天一杯牛奶,確保250毫克的鈣;

2 、每天250到350克的碳水化合物,相當於6到8兩的主食;

3、 每天吃3到4份高蛋白食物;

4 、是指的四句話:有粗有細,不甜不咸,三四五頓,七八分飽;

5 、500克的蔬菜和水果,能減少癌症發病率一半以上。

紅:指的一天吃1到2個西紅柿(減少前列腺癌的發病率),適量紅葡萄酒,紅辣椒(改善情緒)。

黃:指黃色蔬菜,如:胡蘿蔔,紅薯,南瓜,西紅柿,西瓜等,這些食物維生A豐富。

綠:指綠茶以及綠色蔬菜,特別是綠茶含有抗氧化劑,可以抵抗自由基的侵害,延緩衰老。

白:像燕麥粉,燕麥片,不但降低膽固醇,降低甘油三酯,對於糖尿病人和減肥的人也有很好的效果。

黑:黑木耳可以降低血液的黏度。

適量運動

生命在於運動,但要有適度,每個人要根據自己的實際情況,選擇合適的運動方式,養成科學的運動習慣。對於多數健康人來說,衡量運動適量的標準,國際上流行的辦法採用心跳速度的幅度來衡量:(220-年齡)*65%~85%,只要在此範圍內運動,都能收到最佳效果,並能保證運動的安全性。

以老年人為例,世界衛生組織認為,走路是最佳的運動,但要注意「三、五、七」的要決,「三」指每次步行三公里,時間超過30分鐘,「五」是說每星期最少運動5次,「七」指的是「年齡+心跳」得數不要超過170次。另外,還可以練練太極拳,研究表明,堅持練太極拳的,他的神經平衡功能可以年輕三到十年。

戒煙限酒

吸煙對人體百害而無一利,可以引起慢性支器官炎,肺部疾病,還增加了心臟病和高血壓的危險,因此,要把煙戒掉。

適量飲酒可以促進血液循環,過量就會對五臟的健康不利,影響消化吸收和營養物質的新陳代謝,對各種疾病的治療和康復也有較大的負面影響。

心理平衡

這是最關鍵的一條,比其他一切因素都重要。

世界衛生組織指出,生理,心理,社會人際適應的完滿狀態才是健康,心理健康,生理才能健康,古人說:「恬淡虛無,真氣從之;精神內守,病安從來」,就是這個道理。誰會自我調節,心態健康,誰就擁有一個健康的身體。

心理健康,就是我們所說的保持良好的心態,因為疾病在很大程度上受心理因素的影響。美國科學家曾經作過實驗,他們給高血壓患者服用了裝滿澱粉的膠囊,卻告訴他們是降壓藥,結果,再次檢測時,許多人的血壓恢復了正常,大量研究表明,心理健康的人抵抗力強,少得病,即使生病也會很快痊癒。

那麼,怎樣保持穩定的心態呢?三句話:正確對待自己,正確對待他人,正確對待社會。也就是說,一方面要正確對待自己,不要居功自傲,也不要妄自菲薄;另一方面,正確對待他人,正確對待社會,永遠對社會存有感激之心。此外,還要做到三個快樂:順境時助人為樂,平常知足長樂,逆境時自得其樂。

「冰凍三尺,非一日之寒」,保持心理平衡需要科學理論與生活實踐的長期磨練。

哲學家說,「性格決定命運」,在我們看來,「生活方式決定健康。」只要按照科學規律生活,就能健康享受每一天,實現個人幸福,家庭幸福,社會幸福。[1]

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