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中文学名:白枝黄耆 拉丁学名:Astragalus leucocladus Bunge 别 称:白枝黄芪 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:双子叶植物纲 目:豆目 科:豆科 属:黄芪属 种:白枝黄耆 |
白枝黄耆（bái zhī huáng qí，学名：Astragalus leucocladus Bunge）是豆科黄芪属的植物。老枝深褐色，幼枝细弱，密被灰白色伏贴毛。小叶狭椭圆形或线状长圆形，总状花序生10余朵花，排列紧密，近球形，荚果长圆形，密被开展的白色长毛和少量黑色毛。花期6月，果期7-8月。分布于天山以及中国大陆的新疆等地，生长于海拔1,300米的地区，多生在山坡等地。 [1]
白枝黄耆形态特征
低矮灌木，高30-50厘米。老枝深褐色，幼枝细弱，密被灰白色伏贴毛。
羽状复叶有9-13小叶，长4-6厘米，近无柄；叶轴被灰白色伏贴毛；托叶三角状披针形，基部与叶柄贴生，被白、黑色伏贴毛；小叶狭椭圆形或线状长圆形，长13-22毫米，宽3-5毫米，先端渐尖或钝圆，有小芒尖，基部略宽，上面散生白色伏贴毛，下面毛较密；小叶柄极短。
总状花序生10余朵花，排列紧密，近球形，直径达2-4厘米；总花梗生于上部叶腋，长为叶的1-2倍，被灰白色毛或紧接花序处混生很少黑色伏贴毛；苞片狭线形，渐尖，被白、黑色长毛；
花萼初期膨大，上部带紫色，长10-13毫米（果期可达15毫米），被较密的开展长毛和少量半开展的黑毛，萼齿丝状，长为萼筒的1/3，被较多的黑毛；
花冠粉红色（干后色），旗瓣长约20毫米，瓣片狭倒卵形，微凹，中部以下微缢缩，下部渐狭成瓣柄，翼瓣较旗瓣稍短，瓣片长圆形，先端微凹，瓣柄比瓣片长1.5-2倍，龙骨瓣较翼瓣稍短，瓣片长约为瓣柄的1/2或1/3；子房无柄，被白色长绵毛。
荚果长圆形，密被开展的白色长毛和少量黑色毛。花期6月，果期7-8月。[2]
Astragalus leucocladus Bunge in Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 39 (3): 27. 1866; id. in Mem.Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. VII. 11 (16): 136. 1868 et 15 (1): 233. 1869; Boriss. in Kom. Fl. USSR 12: 832. 1946; S. B. Ho in Bull. Bot. Res. 3 (4): 55. 1983.
Plants 30-45 cm tall, densely covered with mostly ± medi-fixed hairs. Stems branched at base, those of current year 9-16 cm, densely covered with white hairs 0.5-0.8 mm, at nodes also with black hairs. Leaves 4-6 cm, subsessile; stipules 4-7 mm, adnate to petiole for up to 1 mm, covered with white and pre-dominantly black hairs; rachis loosely to rather densely hairy like stem; leaflets in 4-6 pairs, 13-22 × 2-4 mm, abaxially loosely and adaxially sparsely covered with appressed white hairs 1-1.5 mm. Racemes short, densely 8-12-flowered; pedun-cle 9-15 cm, rather densely hairy like stem; bracts 4-5 mm, covered with mostly strongly asymmetrically bifurcate to basi-fixed, spreading, black and white hairs ca. 1 mm. Calyx at an-thesis ca. 12 mm, tubular, rather densely covered with mostly strongly asymmetrically bifurcate, ± spreading, white hairs up to 1.5 mm and with shorter, mostly more symmetrically medi-fixed, black hairs; teeth 2-2.5 mm; calyx soon becoming in-flated, at fruiting time ovoid, ca. 15 × 6-7 mm, loosely hairy. Petals yellow; standard obovate, ca. 20 × 6 mm, slightly con-stricted in middle, apex emarginate; wings 17-18 mm, limbs obliquely emarginate; keel 15-16 mm. Legumes included in ca-lyx, ca. 10 mm, ca. 3 mm high (immature), with a slender beak ca. 2 mm, 2-locular; valves densely covered with mostly basi-fixed, spreading, white hairs ca. 2 mm and with much shorter black hairs up to 0.5 mm.
Steppes. Xinjiang [Kazakhstan].
白枝黄耆生长环境
生长于海拔1300米的山坡等地。[3]
白枝黄耆分布范围
产于新疆准噶尔盆地南部（尼勒克城）。天山东部也有分布。[4]
白枝黄耆参考文献
白枝黄耆（植物研究）Astragalus leucocladus Bunge in Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 39 (3): 27. 1866; id. in Mem.Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. VII. 11 (16): 136. 1868 et 15 (1): 233. 1869; Boriss. in Kom. Fl. USSR 12: 832. 1946; S. B. Ho in Bull. Bot. Res. 3 (4): 55. 1983.