独龙薯蓣

独龙薯蓣

原图链接 来自植物标本馆

中文学名:独龙薯蓣 拉丁学名:Dioscorea birmanica Prain 界:植物界 属:薯蓣属 分布区域:云南西北贡山 海 拔:1300米

独龙薯蓣(dú lóng shǔ yù，学名 Dioscorea birmanica Prain & Burkill)，根茎不规则的拳状，直径约10厘米，或为柱状，长18厘米，粗5—7厘米，皆有多数直径2—3厘米的瘤状凸起，表皮厚，褐色，龟裂，内面黄色，散生长30—40厘米，粗约1.5毫米的圆柱形须根。

目录

独龙薯蓣形态特征

茎1—3根丛生，左旋，中空，切面三棱形，具3条宽1—1.5毫米的薄翅，翅的边缘具扁刺，近无毛；

叶互生，叶片绿色，干时纸质，长心形，长达28厘米，宽15—17厘米，全缘，背面被微柔毛及两面散生白色星状毛（陶国达13195），后渐无毛，先端渐尖，具长1—2厘米的尾尖，基部弯缺狭或开展；

7—11脉，外脉分叉，于背面明显隆起；叶柄长10—12厘米，被微柔毛，基部围以2—4枚扁刺状托叶。

花序未见，据Prain et Burkill的记载：雄花序为蝎尾状聚伞花序组成的总状花序式，1—2枚腋生，长35—45厘米，被微柔毛，具长1—3厘米的柄；聚伞花序相距5—10毫米，每序有花5—6朵；

苞片卵形，内凹，长1—5毫米，被微柔毛，有褐色线条；小苞片不存在；花被钟状，长1厘米，裂片外被长柔毛，有褐色线条，外轮披针形，舟状，锐尖，内轮卵形、锐尖；

雄蕊6，相等，生于裂片基部而短于裂片，花丝比花药长。雌花序穗状，长20—40厘米，有花20—40朵，花被与雄花相似；

子房密生微柔毛。蒴果近无毛，成熟时无毛，连果翅长、宽2—3厘米，先端微凹，基部截形或楔形；种子周围具不等的膜翅。

分类文献

原图链接 来自植物标本馆

Rhizome horizontal, irregularly branched, bulky; cork cracked, tessellated; transverse section pink; bases of old roots becoming hard and ± thornlike. Stem twining to left, faintly grooved, glabrous, or pubescent to puberulent and glabrescent, abundantly prickly proximally, prickly only at nodes distally, smooth apically.

Leaves alternate, simple; petiole 4.5--9 cm, often with recurved prickles; leaf blade ovate or broadly so, to 15 × 16 cm, glabrous or pubescent along main veins abaxially, main veins sometimes prickly, basal veins 7--11, base cordate with narrow or broad sinus and rounded auricles.

Male spike produced before leaves on new stem, solitary, lax, 35--45 cm. Male flowers: in cymules to 1 cm, subsessile; bracts brown, lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm; bracteoles absent; perianth narrowly campanulate, proximally villous, lobes erect, oblong-lanceolate, ca. 2.5 mm, apex rounded; stamens 6, inserted in throat of perianth tube, slightly shorter than perianth, filaments longer than anthers.

Female spikes 20--30 cm. Female flowers: staminodes minute. Capsule reflexed, yellow-brown, oblong-obovoid, angular in outline, 2--3 cm, densely puberulent, glabrescent, base truncate to rounded, apex retuse to rounded; wings 1--1.5 cm wide. Seeds inserted near middle of capsule, winged all round.

About 400 m. NW Yunnan (Gongshan Drung-Nu Zu Zizhixian) [Myanmar, Thailand].

The present authors have not seen any Chinese material of this species.

独龙薯蓣生长环境

生长于海拔400-1300米处。

独龙薯蓣分布范围

产于云南西北贡山（独龙江沿岸）至云南西（盈江那斑坝）。缅甸、泰国也有分布。中国云南新记录。