独龙柃查看源代码讨论查看历史
独龙柃,为山茶科、柃木属灌木,高2-9米扩嫩枝圆柱形,黄褐色,初时被短柔毛,迅即脱落变无毛;顶芽披针形,渐尖,长6-11毫米,被短柔毛。生于海拔2 000—2 400米的林下或林缘。分布贡山县独龙江流域(模式产地);西藏东南部也有。 [1]
独龙柃 |
中文学名:独龙柃 拉丁学名:Eurya taronensis Hu in Act. Phytotax. Sin. 别 称:达仑柃 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 Angiospermae 纲:双子叶植物纲 Dicotyledoneae 亚 纲:原始花被亚纲 Archichlamydeae 目:侧膜胎座目Parietales 亚 目:山茶亚目Theineae 科:山茶科Theaceae 亚 科:厚皮香亚科Ternstroemoideae 族:杨桐族Trib. Adinandreae 属:柃木属Eurya 亚 属:柃亚属Subgen. Eurya 种:独龙柃 |
独龙柃形态特征
独龙柃,灌木或小乔木,高2—9米;幼枝圆柱形,被短柔毛,一年生枝变无毛;顶芽被短柔毛。
叶革质,长圆形至长圆状椭圆形,长2—8.5厘米,宽1.7—3厘米,先端渐尖或长渐尖,基部阔楔形或近圆形,边缘具细锯齿,叶面深绿色,无光泽,背面淡绿色,疏生短柔毛,中、侧脉在叶面凹陷,背面突起,侧脉14—20对,网脉两面不显;叶柄长1.5—2毫米,被短柔毛。
花1—2朵腋生,花梗长1.5—2毫米,被短柔毛;雄花:小苞片2,卵圆形,长约1毫米;萼片革质,近圆形,长约2毫米,顶端圆,干后褐色,外面被短柔毛,边缘具睫毛,无腺体;花瓣阔卵形,长约3毫米;雄蕊约15枚,花药不具分格;退化子房无毛;雌花较小,小苞片和萼片与雄花同,稍小;花瓣长圆状卵形,长约2.5毫米;子房圆球形,3室,无毛。
果近圆球形,径约5毫米,成熟时紫黑色,宿存花柱长约1毫米,3深裂达基部。花期10—12月,果期次年6—8月。
Shrubs or trees, 2-9 m tall. Current year branchlets terete, pubescent when young, soon glabrescent; terminal buds 6-11 mm, pubescent. Petiole 1.5-2 mm, pubescent; leaf blade oblong to oblong-elliptic, 2-8.5 × 1.7-3 cm, leathery, abaxially pale green and sparsely pubescent but more densely so along midvein, adaxially dark green and glabrous, midvein abaxially elevated and adaxially impressed, secondary veins 14-20 on each side of midvein, abaxially raised, and adaxially impressed, base broadly cuneate to subrounded, margin serrulate, apex acuminate to long acuminate. Flowers axillary, solitary or paired. Pedicel ca. 1.5 mm, pubescent. Male flowers: bracteoles ovate, ca. l mm; sepals brown when dry, suborbicular, ca. 2 mm, leathery, outside pubescent, margin ciliolate, apex rounded; petals ovate-orbicular to subobovate, ca. 3 mm; stamens ca. 15; anthers not locellate; pistillode glabrous. Female flowers: bracteoles and sepals similar to those of male flowers but smaller; petals oblong-ovate, ca. 2.5 mm; ovary glabrous, 3-loculed; style ca. 1 mm, 3-parted to base. Fruit purplish black when mature, subglobose, ca. 5 mm in diam. Fl. Oct-Dec, fr. Jun-Aug.
独龙柃生长环境
主要生长于海拔2 000—2 400米的林下或林缘。