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熏倒牛

来自 植物智 的图片

中文名:熏倒牛

界:植物界

门:被子植物门

纲:双子叶植物纲

亚 纲:原始花被亚纲

目:牻牛儿苗目

科:牻牛儿苗科

属:熏倒牛属

熏倒牛(xūn dǎo niú),学名: Biebersteinia heterostemon Maxim.,俗名:臭婆娘,根据《中国藏药》记载,熏倒牛全草主治热性病,感冒发烧,小儿高烧惊厥,抽搐。果实(狼尾巴蒿):辛,凉。清热镇痉,祛风解毒。用于预防感冒,小儿高热惊厥,腹胀,腹痛。 [1]

熏倒牛形态特征

熏倒牛是一年生草本,高30-90厘米,具浓烈腥臭味,全株被深褐色腺毛和白色糙毛。根为直根,粗壮,少分枝。茎单一,直立,上部分枝。叶为三回羽状全裂,末回裂片长约1厘米,狭条形或齿状;

基生叶和茎下部叶具长柄,柄长为叶片的1.5-2倍,上部叶柄渐短或无柄;托叶半卵形,长约1厘米,与叶柄合生,先端撕裂。花序为圆锥聚伞花序,长于叶,由3花构成的多数聚伞花序组成;

苞片披针形,长2-3毫米,每花具1枚钻状小苞片;花梗长为苞片5-6倍;萼片宽卵形,长6-7毫米,先端急尖;花瓣黄色,倒卵形,稍短于萼片,边缘具波状浅裂。

蒴果肾形,不开裂,无喙。种子肾形,长约1.5毫米,宽约1毫米,具皱纹。花期7-8月,果期8-9月。

Rhizome ca. 1 cm thick, upper part sparsely covered with withered remains of petioles. Stem erect, 0.4-1.2 m (to more than 2 m), moderately leafy, few branched. Stipules brown, semiovate, to 1 cm, margin mostly erose-laciniate, apex obtuse; leaf blade lanceolate, to 25 × 6-8 cm, 3-subpinnatisect, bearing long simple hairs and small stipitate glands; segments ± linear, to 1 cm, apex subacute.

Inflorescences long, many flowered; bracts leaflike, lanceolate, 1-1.5 cm, covered with simple hairs, rarely glabrous, margin entire, apex acuminate; bracteoles lanceolate, 2-4 mm, margin slightly hairy or glabrous, apex acuminate.

Flowers often in fascicles of 2 or 3; pedicel 1-4 cm, 1-5 × as long as sepals, sparsely hairy or glandular. Sepals broadly ovate, ca. 7 × 5 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse to acute; outer sepals stipitate glandular and hairy toward base, inner ones subglabrous.

Petals yellow, obovate, somewhat shorter than se-pals, apex denticulate-undulate. Filaments hairy at base, in an annulus with 5 ovate lobes. Mericarps ca. 2.5 mm, slightly ru-gose. Fl. May-Aug, fr. Jul-Sep. 2n = 10*.

分类文献

Biebersteinia heterostemon Maxim. in Mem. Biol. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 11: 176. 1880 et in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 27: 439. 1881; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 533.图2795. 1972; 秦岭植物志1 (3): 118. 1981; 四川植物志9: 71. 1989.

熏倒牛生长环境

生长于海拔1 000-3 200米的黄土山坡、河滩地和杂草坡地。

熏倒牛分布范围

分布于甘肃、宁夏六盘山西坡和中卫、青海东部和南部、四川西北部(诺尔盖)。模式标本产甘肃中部。

熏倒牛主要价值

【藏药】芒涧那保:花序和果序主治炭疽,痈疽疔疮《中国藏药》。明间那博:全草主治热性病,感冒发烧,小儿高烧惊厥,抽搐《民族药志一》。明见赛保:全草治疗痈疖,丹毒,喉痛,胃痛,全身水肿和中风。

果实(狼尾巴蒿):辛,凉。清热镇痉,祛风解毒。用于预防感冒,小儿高热惊厥,腹胀,腹痛。

参考来源

  1. 熏倒牛, 植物智, 2020-01-18