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沙芥 |
中文名:沙芥 学 名:Pugionium cornutum 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:双子叶植物纲 亚 纲:原始花被亚纲 目:罂粟目 亚 目:白花菜亚目 科:十字花科 族:独行菜族 属:沙芥属 种:沙芥 |
沙芥(shā jiè),学名:Pugionium cornutum (Linnaeus) Gaertn.,异名:Myagrum cornutum Bunias cornuta ,是十字花科、沙芥属一年生草本植物,根肉质,手指粗;茎直立,多分枝。叶肉质,下部叶有柄,羽状分裂,顶裂片卵形或长圆形,长7-8厘米,全缘或有1-2齿,或顶端2-3裂,侧裂片长圆形,基部稍抱茎,边缘有2-3齿;茎上部叶披针状线形,总状花序顶生,成圆锥花序;萼片长圆形,花瓣黄色,宽匙形,顶端细尖。短角果革质,横卵形,果梗粗,长2-2.5厘米。种子长圆形,长约1厘米,黄棕色。花期6月,果期8-9月。 [1]
沙芥形态特征
一年或二年生草本,高50-100厘米;根肉质,手指粗;茎直立,多分枝。叶肉质,下部叶有柄,羽状分裂,长10-20厘米,宽3-4.5厘米;
裂片3-4对,顶裂片卵形或长圆形,长7-8厘米,全缘或有1-2齿,或顶端2-3裂,侧裂片长圆形,基部稍抱茎,边缘有2-3齿;
茎上部叶披针状线形,长3-5厘米,宽2-5毫米,全缘。总状花序顶生,成圆锥花序;萼片长圆形,长6-7毫米;花瓣黄色,宽匙形,长约1.5厘米,顶端细尖。
短角果革质,横卵形,长约1.5厘米,宽7-8毫米,侧扁,两侧各有1披针形翅,长2-5厘米,宽3-5毫米,上举成钝角,具突起网纹,有4个或更多角状刺;
果梗粗,长2-2.5厘米。种子长圆形,长约1厘米,黄棕色。花期6月,果期8-9月。
Bunias cornuta Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 669. 1753; Myagrum cornutum (Lamarck) Linnaeus.
Herbs annual, 50-100(-150) cm tall. Stems erect, many branched above. Basal leaves slightly fleshy; petiole 2-6 cm; leaf blade pinnatisect, 8-25 × 1.5-4.5 cm; lateral lobes 4-7 on each side of midvein, ultimate segments oblong, lanceolate, or rarely lanceolate-linear, 1-5 cm × 1-6 mm, entire or larger ones coarsely dentate or 3-fid, apex acute.
Middle cauline leaves pinnatisect, auriculate; uppermost cauline leaves oblanceolate or linear, 3-6 cm × 2-4 mm, base attenuate, not auriculate, margin entire. Fruiting pedicels slightly stout, straight or curved upward, (1-)1.7-3 cm. Sepals 5-7 × 1.2-1.5 mm; sac of lateral pair 0.5-0.8(-1) mm.
Petals whitish, linear to linear-lanceolate, 1.2-1.5 cm × 1.5-2.5 mm; claw 5-7 mm. Median filaments 6-8 mm; lateral filaments 4-5 mm; anthers oblong, 1.2-1.5 mm. Fruit transversely oblong or ovoid, excluding wings 0.7-1.2 × 1.5-2 cm; wings ensiform, straight, (2-)3-5(-6.5) cm, 3-5(-6) mm wide at base, longitudinally 3-veined, margin entire, apex acuminate; spines 8-10, to 2 cm × 2 mm, basal 4 pointing downward, subparallel to pedicel, much longer than the others, remaining 4 or 6 horizontal or erect; style absent. Seeds brown, oblong, 8-10 × 3-4 mm. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Jul-Sep.
- Desert dunes; 1000-1100 m. Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi.
产地生境
产内蒙古(昭乌达盟翁牛特旗)、陕西(榆林)、宁夏(灵武、陶乐)。生在沙漠地带沙丘上。模式标本采自内蒙古。
价值
嫩叶作蔬菜或饲料;全草供药用,有止痛、消食、解毒作用。
分类文献
Pugionium cornutum (L.) Gaertn. 291. t. 142. 1791; Maxim. in Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. 26 (3): 425. 1880 et Enum. Pl. Mongol. 1: 74. pl. 5. f. 10-26. 1889; Kom. l. c. 718. f. l. 4-5. 1932; T. Y. Cheo in Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 3: 120. 1949; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 40. 图1810, 1972; 内蒙古植物志2: 300. 图版156. 1978; 东北草本植物志4: 81. 1980. ——Bunias cornuta L. Sp. Pl. 2: 669. 1753.