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多脉南星

原图链接 来自植物标本馆

中文名:多脉南星 拉丁学名:Arisaema costatum (Wall.) Mart. 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:单子叶植物纲 目:泽泻目 科:天南星科 族:天南星族 属:天南星属 种:多脉南星 分布区域:中国西藏 南部聂拉木

多脉南星(duō mài nán xīng，学名：Arisaema costatum）：是单子叶植物纲天南星科天南星属的植物。分布于尼泊尔以及中国大陆的云南、西藏等地，生长于海拔2,300米至2,400米的地区，见于林间草地，目前尚未由人工引种栽培。

多脉南星形态特征

多脉南星 块茎扁球形，直径3-5厘米。鳞叶披针形，长渐狭，锐尖，展平宽约4厘米，内面的长达25厘米。叶1，叶柄绿色，常带紫色，长30-55厘米，下部1/4-1/3具鞘，上部粗1厘米；

叶片3全裂，表面深绿色，背面淡绿色，裂片具短柄或近无柄，中裂片椭圆形或长圆形，长16-30厘米，宽9-16厘米，渐尖；

侧裂片极偏斜，外侧常为内侧宽的2倍，外侧基部耳状，内侧渐狭；侧脉极多数，斜伸，几平行，背面明显隆起。

花序柄比叶柄短，长20-45厘米。佛焰苞暗紫色，具白色纵条纹，管部圆柱形，长4-8厘米，内面有明显的肋脊，喉部边缘稍外卷；檐部长圆卵形，下弯，长4-10厘米，宽2.5-5厘米，先端骤尖成1-4厘米长的尾。

原图链接 来自植物标本馆

肉穗花序单性，雄花序长2-3.7厘米，花疏，雄花具柄，花药3-5，裂缝成马蹄形；雌花序长2.5-3厘米，粗1.5厘米，子房花柱短，柱头小，盘状，白色。

原图链接 来自植物智

各附属器具长5-8毫米、粗2-3毫米的柄，全长30-50厘米，暗紫色，基部扩大，基底截平，向上渐狭为线形，伸出佛焰苞后蜿蜒下垂。花期6月。

分类文献

Arisaema costatum (Wall.) Mart. in Flora 14: 458. 1831, in nota; Blume in Rumphia 1: 101. 1835; Engl. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 2: 541. 1879, in Engl., Pflanzenr. 73 (4, 23F): 217. 1920; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 501. 1893; Hara, Fl. E. Himal. ed. 2: 332, Pl. 6: a et 17, fig. 50: C. 1971. ——Arum costatum Wallich, Tent. Fl. Nepal. 28, t. 19. 1824.

Plants dioecious. Tuber brown outside, white inside, depressed globose, 3-5 cm in diam. Cataphylls 3, ca. 50 × 25 cm, membranous. Leaf solitary; petiole green, often slightly purplish, terete, 30-50 cm, proximal 1/4-1/3 sheathing into pseudostem, ca. 1 cm in diam.; leaf blade 3-foliolate; leaflets pale green abaxially, deep green adaxially, shortly petiolulate or subsessile; terminal elliptic or oblong, 16-30 × 9-16 cm, base auriculate and rounded, inner base narrowly cuneate, apex acuminate; lateral veins very numerous and running almost parallel, distinctly raised abaxially, impressed adaxially. Peduncle emerging from pseudostem, shorter than petioles, 25-45 cm.

Spathe dark purple, with white longitudinal lines; tube cylindric, 4-8 cm, slightly costate inside, but in Xizang specimens almost smooth inside, throat margins slightly recurved; limb incurved, narrowly ovate-oblong, 3-4 cm, apex acuminate with a filiform tail. Spadix unisexual; female zone 2.4-3.5 cm; ovary green; style short; stigma white, disciform; appendix pendulous from spathe, dark purple, very long flagelliform, 20-50 cm, inflated toward base, base truncate, swollen disciform, with a stipe 3-5 mm, smooth throughout; male zone 2-3.7 cm; synandria of 3-5 stamens; connected filaments distinct; thecae dehiscing by a horseshoe-shaped slit. Fl. Jul.

Grasslands in forest areas; 2300-2400 m. S Xizang (Dinggyê, Nyalam) [Nepal].

Molecular phylogeny has revealed that Arisaema costatum is not closest to the other members of A. sect. Arisaema but is instead monophyletic with African species that have radiate leaves (Renner, Zhang & Murata, Amer. J. Bot. 91: 881-888. 2004).Molecular phylogeny has revealed that Arisaema costatum is not closest to the other members of A. sect. Arisaema but is instead monophyletic with African species that have radiate leaves (Renner, Zhang & Murata, Amer. J. Bot. 91: 881-888. 2004).

多脉南星生长环境

生长于海拔2300-2400米的林间草地。生长在河谷林下，林缘草甸， 林中。

多脉南星分布范围

国内分布：西藏南部聂拉木。

国外分布：尼泊尔也有。

多脉南星主要价值

医药：【藏药】大羔：主要功效是根治鼻息肉，鼻肿瘤《青藏药鉴》。

多脉南星相关的种

刺柄南星Arisaema asperatum N. E. Br.

沧江南星Arisaema bonatianum Engl.

多脉南星Arisaema costatum (Wall.) Mart.

会泽南星Arisaema dahaiense H. Li

粗序南星Arisaema dilatatum Buchet

象南星Arisaema elephas Buchet

冀檐南星Arisaema griffithii Schott

翼檐南星（原变种）Arisaema griffithii Schott var. griffithii

疣柄翼檐南星（变种）Arisaema griffithii Schott var. verrucosum (Schott) H. Hara

疣序南星Arisaema handelii Stapf ex Hand.-Mazz.

高原南星Arisaema intermedium Blume

凌云南星Arisaema lingyunense H. Li

小南星Arisaema parvum N. E. Br. ex Hemsl.

藏南星Arisaema propinquum Schott

黑南星Arisaema rhombiforme Buchet

相岭南星Arisaema smithii K. Krause

美丽南星Arisaema speciosum (Wall.) Mart.

腾冲南星Arisaema tengtsungense H. Li

网檐南星Arisaema utile Hook.f. ex Schott

川中南星Arisaema wilsonii Engl.

短柄川中南星（变种）Arisaema wilsonii Engl. var. forrestii Engl.

川中南星（原变种）Arisaema wilsoniiEngl. var. wilsonii