长叶虫豆
长叶虫豆 |
中文学名:长叶虫豆 拉丁学名:C.mollis(Benth.) vanderMaesen 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:双子叶植物纲 亚 纲:原始花被亚纲 目:蔷薇目 科:豆科 属:木豆属 |
长叶虫豆(cháng yè chóng dòu,学名 Cajanus mollis (Benth.) van der Maesen,异名:Cantharospermum molle Collaea mollis Atylosia mollis )为豆科攀缘木质藤本植物,产云南西部及南部的元江、镇康、西双版纳等地,印度、巴基斯坦至不丹也有分布。 [1]
目录
长叶虫豆形态特征
攀援木质藤本,多见于640-1500米的密林中树上或灌丛中。各部密被灰褐色短绒毛。茎略具纵棱。
叶具羽状三小叶;托叶披针形,长2-3毫米,早落;叶柄长1-2.5(-5)厘米;小叶纸质至厚纸质,两面被短绒毛,下面脉上尤密,并具松脂状腺点,顶生小叶倒卵状菱形,长4-7厘米,宽2-4.5厘米,先端渐尖,基部圆形至阔楔形,侧生小叶稍小,斜卵形,长4-7厘米,宽2-4.5厘米,基出脉3,小叶柄极短。
总状花序腋生,粗壮,长3.5-6厘米,有时更长;苞片大,膜质,卵形,长可达1.7厘米,外面具纵脉纹数条,被微柔毛及松脂状小腺点,早落;花梗长3-7毫米,被毛;花萼钟状,5齿裂。
裂片披针形,不等大,上面两枚近合生,略被短柔毛;
花冠黄色,宿存,长约1.5厘米,旗瓣倒卵状圆形,具瓣柄,两侧各具1内弯的耳,翼瓣长圆形,较旗瓣稍短,龙骨瓣先端弯曲,与翼瓣近等长,均具瓣柄和耳,雄蕊二体,花药一式,子房密被黄色短绒毛,花柱丝状,长面弯曲,上部被毛。
荚果长圆形,膨胀,长4-7厘米,宽8-10毫米,被灰褐色极短的绒毛及稀疏的长柔毛,种子间有明显的横缢线;
种子约9颗,椭圆形至长方形,直径约3毫米,种脐具厚而肉质的种阜。花期9-11月,果期11月。[2]
Cajanus mollis (Benth.) van der Maesen in Agr. Univ. Wageningen Papers 85-4: 154. 1985.——Collaea mollis Grah ex Wall. Cat. no. 5574. 1831. nom nud.——Atylosia mollis Benth. in Miq. Pl. Jungh. 1:243. 1857; Baker in Hook f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 213. 1876, pro parte quoad syn. Colloea mollis; Prain in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal. 66:431. 1897.——Cantharspermum molle (Benth.) Taub. in Engl. u. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(3):373. 1894.
Vines, woody, twining, densely villous. Stems longitudi-nally ribbed. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate; stipules lanceolate, 2-3 mm, deciduous; petiole 1-2.5(-5) cm; petiolules extremely short; leaflets papery to thickly papery, both surfaces pubescent, denser abaxially and with rosinlike glands; terminal leaflet obo-vate-rhomboid, 4-7 × 2-4.5 cm, base rounded to obcuneate, apex acuminate; basal veins 3; lateral leaflets slightly smaller, obliquely ovate, 4-7 × 2-4.5 cm. Raceme axillary, robust, 3.5-6 cm; bracts large, ovate, to 1.7 cm, membranous, exterior with several longitudinal striae and rosinlike glands, clothed with micro-villous hairs, deciduous; pedicels 3-7 mm, hairy. Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed; lobes lanceolate, unequal, upper 2 nearly connate, sparsely pubescent. Corolla yellow, ca. 1.5 cm, per-sistent; standard obovate-circular, with inflexed auricles on each side; wings oblong, slightly shorter than standard; keels sub-equal to wings, with auricles, apex curved. Ovary densely pu-bescent; style filiform, apex curved. Legume oblong, inflated, 4-7 × 0.8-1 cm, hairy, transversely constricted between seeds. Seeds 8-10, ellipsoidal to oblong, ca. 3 mm in diam.; strophiole thick and succulent. Fl. Sep-Nov, fr. Nov.
长叶虫豆生长环境
攀援于疏林中树木上。生于海拔400-600m的林边及山坡上。
长叶虫豆分布范围
长叶虫豆长叶虫豆
Prain (1897)和Maesen (1985)指出C. mollis(长叶虫豆)和C. crassus(虫斗)不同。前者的叶下面具灰色短绒毛,叶脉不呈网状,顶生小叶长大于宽,荚果具种子8-10颗,开花期在季风过后,分布约在海拔700米以上。