越南崖爬藤
越南崖爬藤 |
中文学名:越南崖爬藤 拉丁学名:Tetrastigma tonkinense Gagnep. 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 Angiospermae 纲:双子叶植物纲 Dicotyledoneae 亚 纲:原始花被亚纲 Archichlamydeae 目:鼠李目 Rhamnales 科:葡萄科 Vitaceae 属:崖爬藤属 Tetrastigma 亚 属:崖爬藤亚属 Subgen. Tetrastigma 组:崖爬藤组 Sect. Tetrastigma 亚 组:光皮亚组 Subsect. Laevia |
越南崖爬藤(yuè nán yá pá téng,学名:Tetrastigma tonkinense)为葡萄科崖爬藤属的植物。分布在越南北部以及中国大陆的广西等地,生长于海拔100米至400米的地区,见于山谷疏林中,目前尚未由人工引种栽培。 [1]
目录
越南崖爬藤形态特征
木质藤本。小枝圆柱形,有纵棱纹,密被卷曲锈色糙毛。
叶为鸟足状5小叶,稀3小叶,小叶倒披针形或倒卵披针形,长9-13厘米,宽3-4.5厘米,顶端渐尖,基部楔形或阔楔形,外侧小叶基部不对称,近圆形,边缘每侧有21-31个尖锐锯齿,上面绿色,几无毛,下面浅绿色,满被或仅脉上被卷曲锈色糙毛;
侧脉9-11对,网脉不明显突出;叶柄长10-11厘米,中央小叶柄长1.5-1.8厘米,侧小叶几无柄或有极短柄,密被卷曲糙毛。
花序腋生,果时长2-3厘米,远比叶柄短,下部有节,节上有苞片,二级分枝4,集生成伞形,三级以后分枝成二歧状;花序梗长约1.2厘米,被短柔毛;花梗长约1.2毫米,被短柔毛;
花蕾坛状,高1.5毫米,顶端圆钝;萼碟形,有4个三角状小齿,外面被短柔毛;花瓣4,卵椭圆形,高1.2毫米,顶端有小角,外展,被乳突状毛;
雄蕊4,在雌花内雄蕊显著短而败育;花盘在雌花中不明显,呈环状;子房下部与花盘合生,花柱明显,柱头4裂。
果实近球形,直径约1厘米,有种子3颗;种子椭圆形,顶端近圆形,基部有极短的喙,种脐在背面中部不明显,上部背棱脊微突出,腹部中棱脊明显突出,两侧洼穴分化不明显。花期4月,果期5月。 [2]
分类
Tetrastigma tonkinense Gagnep. in Lecomte, Not. Syst. 1: 268 & 317. 1911 et in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine. 1: 951. 1912 et in Humbert, Suppl. Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine. 1: 862. 1950; W. T. Wang in Guihaia 8 (2) : 119. 1988.
英文介绍
Lianas, woody. Branchlets terete, with longitudinal ridges, with dense curly ferruginous hirsute hairs. Leaves pedately 5-foliolate, rarely 3-foliolate; petiole 10-11 cm; central petiolule 1.5-1.8 cm, lateral petiolules very short or lateral leaflets subsessile, densely hirsute with curly hairs; leaflets oblanceolate or obovate-lanceolate, 9-13 × 3-4.5 cm, abaxially densely hirsute or at least on veins with curly ferruginous hairs, adaxially nearly glabrous, lateral veins 9-11 pairs, veinlets inconspicuous, base cuneate or broadly so, base of lateral leaflets asymmetric, subrounded, margin with 21-31 sharp teeth on each side, apex acuminate. Inflorescence umbelliform, axillary, 2-3 cm at fruiting stage, articulate at lower part and with bracts at nodes; peduncle ca. 1.2 cm, pubescent. Pedicel ca. 1.2 mm, pubescent. Buds ca. 1.5 mm, apex rounded and obtuse. Calyx saucer-shaped, pubescent, teeth 4. Petals ovate-elliptic, ca. 1.2 mm, apex corniculate, papillose. Disk inconspicuous and annular in female flowers. Lower part of ovary adnate to disk; style conspicuous; stigma 4-lobed. Berry globose, ca. 1 cm in diam., 3-seeded. Seed elliptic, base with very short rostrum, apex subrounded, chalazal knot inconspicuous, upper raphe slightly raised, surface smooth, ventral mid-raphe obviously raised, holes inconspicuous. Fl. Apr, fr. May.
Forests in valleys; 100-400 m. S Guangxi [Vietnam].
越南崖爬藤生长环境
生长于海拔100-400米的山谷疏林中。
越南崖爬藤分布范围
越南崖爬藤本种区分
本种比较特殊,小枝、花梗、叶柄和叶片下面至少脉上被卷曲糙毛,花序短小,种子背面种脐分化不明显,种子表面光滑。 [3]