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豆腐果

来自 植物智 的图片

中文名:豆腐果

主要原料:豆腐

豆腐果(dòu fǔ guǒ),学名 Buchanania latifolia Roxb.,俗名:天干果, 落叶乔木,高13-15米;树皮纵皱,小枝粗壮,暗褐色,具圆形突起皮孔,被锈色微绒毛,后变无毛或近无毛。叶革质,阔长圆形,长12-24厘米,宽6-10厘米,先端圆形或微凹,基部圆形或阔楔形,全缘,略背卷,幼叶密被锈色长柔毛,叶面后变无毛,叶背被锈色长柔毛,产云南(南部)、广东海南);生于海拔120-900米的沟谷疏林中。分布于越南老挝泰国缅甸马来西亚印度[1]

目录

形态特征

落叶乔木,高13-15米;树皮纵皱,小枝粗壮,暗褐色,具圆形突起皮孔,被锈色微绒毛,后变无毛或近无毛。叶革质,阔长圆形,长12-24厘米,宽6-10厘米;

先端圆形或微凹,基部圆形或阔楔形,全缘,略背卷,幼叶密被锈色长柔毛,叶面后变无毛,叶背被锈色长柔毛,侧脉12-20对,斜升,近边缘处网结;

侧脉和网脉在叶面微凹,叶背明显突起;叶柄长1.5-2.2厘米,被长柔毛。圆锥花序顶生,密被锈色绒毛,长达20厘米,花序轴和总梗粗壮;

花白色,径约2.5毫米,花无梗,花萼5裂,裂片披针形,长约1.5毫米,外面被锈色柔毛,边缘具睫毛;花瓣5,长圆形,长约2.5毫米,宽约1.5毫米,先端略外卷,无毛;

雄蕊10,花丝线形,长约1.2毫米,无毛,花药长圆形,长约0.5毫米;心皮5-6,分离,仅1个发育,不育心皮呈线状外弯,子房圆锥状,长约1毫米,密被锈色绒毛;

花柱长约0.5毫米,无毛。核果双凸镜状,径约9毫米,厚约6毫米,成熟时变黑色,被微柔毛或近无毛。

Evergreen trees, 13-15 m tall; young branches dark brown, ferruginous tomentose, branchlets subglabrous, with elevated lenticels. Petiole 1.5-2.2 cm, with long ferruginous hairs; leaf blade broadly oblong, 12-24 × 6-10 cm, leathery, at first with long ferruginous hairs on both sides, later subglabrous adaxially, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin entire, slightly revolute, apex rounded to retuse, lateral veins 12-20 pairs, reticulate venation pattern slightly impressed adaxially, prominent abaxially. Inflorescence paniculate, terminal, up to 20 cm; peduncle and rachis robust, densely covered with long ferruginous hairs.

Flowers sessile, white, ca. 2.5 mm in diam. Calyx ferruginous pubescent, lobes lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm, with ciliate margins. Petals oblong, ca. 2.5 mm, glabrous, slightly revolute toward apex.

Stamens 10; filaments threadlike, 2 × as long as anthers; anthers oblong. Carpels 5 or 6, densely ferruginous tomentose. Drupe lens-shaped, ca. 9 mm, brownish black at maturity. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. May-Jul.

分类文献

Buchanania latifolia Roxh. Hort. Beng. 32. 1814, nom. nud., et Fl. Ind. 2: 385. 1832, descr.; Wight et Arn. Prod. 1: 169. 1834; Hook. f. Fl Brit. Ind. 2: 23. 1876; Engl. in DC. Monog. Phan. 4: 182. 1883, et in Engl. u. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3 (5): 145. 1896; Pierre, Fl. For. Cochinch. 5: pl. 370B. 1898; Lecte. Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 2: 10. 1908; Craib, Fl. Siam. Enum. 1 (2): 348. 1926; Merr. et Chun in Sunyats. 2: 264. 1935; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学653,图545. 1937; Tard.-Blot in Aubr. Fl. Camb. Laos et Vietn. 2: 77. 1962;海南植物志3: 101, 图596. 1974;云南植物志2: 364, 图版112, 1-3. 1979.

产地生境

云南(南部)、广东海南);生于海拔120-900米的沟谷疏林中。分布于越南老挝泰国缅甸马来西亚印度

木材质轻,不耐腐,宜作箱板和家俱。种子可磨豆腐,故得其名。

参考来源

  1. 豆腐果, 植物智, 2020-01-18