色木楓
色木楓 |
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中文名:槭屬 拉丁學名:Acer Linn. 界:植物界 門:被子植物門(Angiospermae) 綱:雙子葉植物綱(Dicotyledoneae) 亞 綱:原始花被亞綱 ( Archichlamydeae) 目:無患子目(Sapindales) 科:槭樹科(Aceraceae) 屬:槭屬(Acer Linn.) |
色木楓(sè mù fēng),學名 Acer pictum Thunb.,異名:Acer pictum subsp. incurvatum Acer pictum var. parviflorum ,是雙子葉植物綱、無患子目、槭樹科植物,該屬共有200餘種,分布於北溫帶,主產地為中國和日本,中國有140餘種,廣布於南北各省,但分布中心為中部或西部,有些種類的木材很有用,有些可為蔭蔽樹和觀賞樹,又為一很好的密源植物。美洲糖槭A. saccharum Marsh. 所產的槭糖是由樹幹內流出的液汁蒸發後製成的。植物大小均有,葉為3裂片,有齒邊,梗、葉在秋天掉落。干長有年輪並引人注目,由大傳導管組成的春材。下垂的枝上長有花,花落後結有帶翼的果實。果實成對,掉落以後會分開。 [1]
目錄
形態特徵
喬木到20米高,雄花兩性花同株的。樹皮灰色。 小枝纖細,無毛; 冬芽近球形,鱗片對。 葉脫落 葉柄4-6厘米,纖細,無毛;
葉片背面的淺的綠色,正面深綠色,長圓形, ( 8-)9-11(-12) * (4-)6-8(-12) 厘米,紙質,背面除了在脈或在脈腋上具淡黃或帶白色的毛外無毛, 3-, 5-, 7-, 或9裂;
裂片三角形或卵形的,邊緣全緣,先端漸尖或近尾狀漸尖的。花序頂生,圓錐狀傘房狀,長約4×4厘米,無毛,許多花的;花序梗1-2 厘米花梗約1厘米,無毛。
萼片5,黃綠色,長圓形,2-8毫米,具緣毛,先端鈍。 花瓣5,帶白色,橢圓形或橢圓狀倒卵形的,長約3毫米。雄蕊8,短於花瓣,無毛。子房無毛的或後脫落,在雄花里的不發育;
花柱非常短,無毛; 柱頭外卷。 淡黃的果成熟時; 小堅果平,壓縮,1-1.3厘米×8-10毫米; 翅長圓形,包括小堅果 3-3.5 * 1-1.5厘米,翅張開不同的。花期4 -5月,果期9 月。2n=26.。
Trees to 20 m tall, andromonoecious. Bark gray. Branchlets slender, glabrous; winter buds subglobose, scales 4 pairs. Leaves deciduous; petiole 4-6 cm, slender, glabrous; leaf blade abaxially pale green, adaxially dark green, oblong, (8-)9-11(-12) × (4-)6-8(-12) cm, papery, abaxially glabrous except for yellowish or whitish hairs on veins or at vein axils, sometimes abaxially pubescent, adaxially glabrous, base truncate, subtruncate, or hastate, 3-, 5-, 7-, or 9-lobed; lobes triangular or ovate, margin entire, apex acuminate or subcaudate-acuminate.
Inflorescence terminal, paniculate-corymbose, ca. 4 × 4 cm, glabrous, numerous flowered; peduncles 1-2 cm. Pedicel ca. 1 cm, glabrous. Sepals 5, greenish yellow, oblong, 2-8 mm, ciliate, apex obtuse. Petals 5, whitish, elliptic or elliptic-obovate, ca. 3 mm.
Stamens 8, shorter than petals, glabrous. Ovary glabrous or glabrescent, rudimentary in staminate flowers; style very short, glabrous; stigmas revolute. Fruit yellowish when mature; nutlets flat, compressed, 1-1.3 cm × 8-10 mm; wing oblong, including nutlet 3-3.5 × 1-1.5 cm, wings spreading variously. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep. 2n = 26.
產地生境
Forests, usually in valleys, also cultivated; sea level to 3300 m. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, SE Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, E Russia].
森林,通常在山谷,也是栽培的; 海平面到海拔3300米。安徽, 甘肅, 河北,黑龍江。河南,湖北,湖南,江蘇,吉林,遼寧,內蒙古,陝西,山西,四川,西藏東南部,雲南,浙江 [日本,朝鮮,蒙古,俄羅斯東部]
One of us (Chang) believes that Acer pictum subsp. macropterum, subsp. mono, subsp. pictum, subsp. pubigerum, and subsp. tricuspis so closely resemble each other that they may be taken for one variable and widely distributed taxon. However, one of us (Chen) believes that some of the subspecies are good and differ in their distributions; while awaiting future results about their status, it is best to retain their subspecific status. de Jong notes that A. pictum is a very complex species requiring further study.
一的我們(常)相信那pictum亞種 macropterum,亞種 單聲道,亞種 pictum,亞種 pubigerum 和亞種 我們中的一人(Chang)相信Acer pictum subsp. macropterum, subsp. mono, subsp. pictum, subsp. pubigerum, 和subsp. tricuspis相互非常象,他們可以被當作一個易變的和廣布的類群。不過,我們中的一個(Chen)相信這些亞種是好的,並且其分布各不同;在等待將來的關於他們的地位的結果時,保留他們的亞種的 地位最好。de Jong注意到A. pictum是一複合種需要進一步研究。
1 Leaf blade usually 3-lobed, sometimes 5-lobed (2)
+ Leaf blade usually 5- or 7-lobed (3)
2(1) Wings spreading horizontally, wing 3-4 cm including nutlet. 12d subsp. macropterum 大翅色木楓
+ Wings spreading at acute angle, wing ca. 3 cm including nutlet. 12e subsp. tricuspis 三尖色木楓
3(1) Leaf blade smaller, 5-lobed, rarely 3-lobed. 12c subsp. pubigerum 江南色木楓
+ Leaf blade larger, 5-, 7-, or 9-lobed (4)
4(3) Leaf blade abaxially with short upright hairs throughout. 12a subsp. pictum 色木楓(原亞種)
+ Leaf blade abaxially not hairy, or pilose on main veins. 12b subsp. mono 五角楓