絹果柳
絹果柳 |
中文名:絹果柳 學 名:Salix sericocarpa 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 Angiospermae 綱:雙子葉植物綱 Dicotyledoneae 亞 綱:原始花被亞綱 Archichlamydeae 目:楊柳目 Salicales 科:楊柳科 Salicaceae 屬:柳屬 Salix 組:柳組 Sect. Salix 種:絹果柳 |
絹果柳(學名:Salix sericocarpa)為楊柳科柳屬的植物。分布在伊朗、巴基斯坦、阿富汗以及中國大陸的西藏、雲南等地,生長於海拔4,000米的地區,多生在山溝邊,目前尚未由人工引種栽培。 [1]
目錄
絹果柳形態特徵
小喬木。小枝有短柔毛,後近無毛,幼時淺黃褐色,後為紫褐色或褐色。葉披針形,長5-8厘米,寬1.2-1.8厘米,先端漸尖,基部楔形,上面綠色,下面灰白色,幼時有毛,成葉近無毛,或有疏毛,常沿脈有毛,邊緣有細鋸齒,稀近全緣;葉柄長3-4毫米,幼時有短柔毛,後有疏毛。
花序側生,有梗,梗長0.8-1.5厘米,基部有2-3小葉,軸有毛;雄花序長1.5-3厘米,雄蕊2,離生;較苞片長約3倍,花絲無毛,花葯黃色;苞片卵狀長圓形,外面無毛,內面下部有毛;腺體2,背生和腹生,約為苞片的1/2;
雌花序長2-2.5厘米,果期長達6-12厘米;
子房圓錐形,無柄或近無柄,有密柔毛,花柱長,上部2裂,柱頭2裂;苞片長卵形,先端鈍或近圓形,兩面及邊緣有毛,有時苞片先端無毛,長約為子房的2/5-1/3;腺體1,腹生,線狀長圓形或長圓形。
花期5月,果期6月。 [2]
Salix sericocarpa Anderss. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 4: 43. 1860; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 637. 1888; Schneid. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 3: 112. 1916; Hao in Fedde, Rep. Beih. 93: 71. 1936.——S. rehderiana Schneid. var. lasiogyna C. Wang et P. Y. Fu,植物分類學報, 12 (2): 205. 圖版54: 2. 1974; 西藏植物名錄, 48. 1980.
Trees small. Branchlets yellowish brown when young, becoming purplish brown or brown, pubescent, becoming subglabrous. Petiole 3-4 mm, pilose; leaf blade lanceolate, 5-8 × 1.2-1.8 cm, abaxially grayish white, pilose when young, when mature subglabrous or pilose, usually pilose along veins, adaxially green, base cuneate, margin serrulate, rarely nearly entire, apex acuminate. Male catkin 1.5-3 cm; peduncle 0.8-1.5 cm, with 2 or 3 leaflets; bracts ovate-oblong, abaxially glabrous, adaxially pilose at base. Male flower: stamens 2, distinct, ca. 4 × as long as bracts; filaments glabrous; anthers yellow. Female catkin 2-2.5 cm, 6-12 cm in fruit; bracts long ovate, both surfaces and margin pilose, sometimes apex glabrous, 1/3-2/3 as long as ovary, apex obtuse or subrounded. Female flower: adaxial gland linear-oblong or oblong; ovary conical, densely downy, sessile or subsessile; style long, 2-cleft distally; stigma 2-cleft. Fl. May, fr. Jun.
絹果柳生長環境
生長于山溝邊,村邊,河邊灌叢中,河灘,渠邊,泉邊,山谷,山谷河邊,山谷水邊,山坡,山坡林中,山坡疏林中,水邊,田邊。海拔4000米左右。