竹叶胡椒
竹叶胡椒 |
中文名:竹叶胡椒 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:双子叶植物纲 亚 纲:原始花被亚纲 目:胡椒目 科:胡椒科 属:胡椒属 亚 属:胡椒亚属 种:竹叶胡椒 分布区域:中国江西 中部和北部 命名者及年代:Tseng,1979 中文学名:Piper bambusaefolium Tseng |
竹叶胡椒(zhú yè hú jiāo,学名:Piper bambusaefolium Tseng,异名:Piper bambusaefolium )是胡椒科,胡椒属藤本灌木;茎、枝有膨大的节,揉之有香气;维管束外面的联合成环,叶互生,全缘;托叶多少贴生于叶柄上,早落。花单性,雌雄异株,或稀有两性或杂性,聚集成与叶对生或稀有顶生的穗状花序,花序通常宽于总花梗的3倍以上;苞片离生,盾状或杯状;通常着生于花序轴上,稀着生于子房基部,子房离生或有时嵌生于花序轴中而与其合生,浆果倒卵形,无柄或具长短不等的柄。花期4-7月。 产于[[江西]中部和北部(南丰、西头虾蟆潭)、陕西(平利)、湖北东南部([[通山])、四川东北和东南部(城口、南川)和贵州(清镇、安顺)。生于林中,爬登于石壁上或树上,海拔320-1200米。模式标本采自四川城口。 (概述图参考来源:中国自然标本馆) [1]
目录
竹叶胡椒形态特征
攀援藤本,除花序轴和苞片柄外,余均无毛;花枝纤细,干时无显著纵中1条不明显,弯拱上升达叶片2/3处即弯拱网结,基部1对细弱,斜伸1-2厘米即弯拱网结;叶柄长4-6毫米,仅基部具鞘 。
花单性,雌雄异株,聚集成与叶 对生的穗状花序。雄花序于花期通常长为叶片之半,约21-4厘米,直径约1.5毫米,黄色;总花梗与叶柄等长或略长;
花序轴被毛;苞片圆形,边缘不整齐,近无柄或具短柄,直径约0.8毫米,盾状;雄蕊3枚,花药肾形,比花丝略短。雌花序特短,幼期苞片成覆瓦状排列时长仅3毫米,花期长可达1.5厘米;
总花梗略长于叶柄;花序轴和苞片与雄花序的相 同;子房离生,柱头3-4,短,卵状渐尖。浆果球形,干时红色,平滑,直径2-2.5毫米。花期4-7月。[2]
分类文献
Piper bambusifolium Y. C. Tseng 竹叶胡椒 zhu ye hu jiao
Climbers glabrous except for rachis, dioecious. Flowering stems slender, without evident ridges when dry. Petiole 4-6 mm, sheathed at base only;
leaf blade lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 4-8 × 1.2-2.5(-3) cm, thickly papery, finely glandular, often drying pale brown, base slightly tapered or rounded, symmetric, apex long acuminate; veins (4 or)5, apical pair arising 1-1.5 cm above base, alternate, sometimes 1 inconspicuous, looped 2/3 way up;
reticulate veins inconspicuous. Spikes leaf-opposed. Male spikes yellow, ca. 1/2 as long as leaf blades, usually 2-4 cm × ca. 1.5 cm; peduncle ca. as long as petioles or slightly longer;
bracts orbicular, ca. 0.8 mm wide, peltate, margin not entire, ± sessile to shortly stalked. Stamens 3; filaments slightly longer than anthers; anthers reniform.
Female spikes to 1.5 cm at anthesis; peduncle slightly longer than petioles; rachis hairy; bracts as in male spikes.
Ovary distinct; stigmas 3 or 4, ovate-acuminate, short. Drupe drying red, globose, 2-2.5 mm in diam., smooth. Fl. Apr-Jul.
- Forests, on rocks or trees; 300-1200 m. Guizhou, SE Hubei, C and N Jiangxi, NE and SE Sichuan
竹叶胡椒生长环境
生长于海拔320-1200米的林中,爬登于石壁上或树上。[3]
竹叶胡椒分布范围
参考来源
- ↑ 竹叶胡椒, 植物智, 2020-01-18
- ↑ 竹叶椒的功效与作用-图片-禁忌-乡间郎中 别名:狗花椒、花胡椒、搜山虎、野花椒、三叶花椒、山胡椒、白总管、万花针 性味:味辛,性温。有小毒。 归经:归肺、大肠经。 竹叶椒的功效与作用散...
- ↑ 竹叶胡椒 Piper bambusaefolium 竹叶胡椒(zhuyehujiao)CVHCFHeFlorasEOLTPLIPNIBHLPOWOGBIFiDigBioBingPiper bambusaefolium注:名称已修订,正名为 竹叶胡椒 Piper bambusifolium...
- ↑ FOC >> Vol.4 (1999) >> Piperaceae >> Piper