尾叶崖爬藤
尾叶崖爬藤 |
中文学名:尾叶崖爬藤 拉丁学名:Tetrastigma caudatum Merr. et Chun 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:双子叶植物纲 亚 纲:原始花被亚纲 目:鼠李目 科:葡萄科 属:崖爬藤属 亚 属:崖爬藤亚属 崖爬藤组 崖爬藤亚组 三叶系 种:尾叶崖爬藤 命名者及年代:Merr. et Chun, |
尾叶崖爬藤(wěi yè yá pá téng,学名:Tetrastigma caudatum Merr. et Chun)木质藤本。小枝圆柱形,无毛。小叶披针形、椭圆披针形或卵披针形,上面绿色,下面浅绿色,两面均无毛;叶柄无毛。花序腋生,集生成伞形;花蕾壶状;萼碟形无毛;花瓣4,卵椭圆形;雄蕊4,花丝丝状,花药黄色,卵椭圆形。果实椭圆形,种子长椭圆形。花期5-7月,果期9月至翌年4月。产越南及中国福建、广东、广西、海南等省区。生山谷林中或山坡灌丛荫处,海拔200-700米。 [1]
目录
尾叶崖爬藤形态描述
尾叶崖爬藤, 木质藤本。小枝圆柱形,有纵棱纹,无毛。卷须不分枝,相隔2节间断与叶对生。
叶为3小叶,稀下部有鸟足状5小叶,小叶披针形、椭圆披针形或卵披针形,长6—14厘米,宽(2)3—5厘米,顶端尾状渐尖,中央小叶基部楔形或阔楔形,侧小叶基部不对称,近圆形,边缘每侧有4—6个牙齿,通常齿粗而深,稀细小而不明显,上面绿色,下面浅绿色,两面均无毛;
侧脉4—6对,网脉两面均不明显突出,无毛;叶柄长2. 5—7厘米,无毛,中央小叶柄长1. 5—4厘米,侧生小叶柄较短,长0. 5—1. 5厘米,无毛。
花序腋生,长2. 5—3厘米,比叶柄短,下部有节,节上有苞片,二级分枝4—6,集生成伞形,三级以后分枝成二歧状,花序梗长1—3. 5厘米,被短柔毛;花梗长2—4毫米,伏生短柔毛;
花蕾壶状,高2—3毫米,在中部以上收缩,顶端截平或钝;萼碟形,有4个三角状小齿,无毛;花瓣4,卵椭圆形,高1. 5—2. 5毫米,顶端有小角,外展,无毛;
雄蕊4,花丝丝状,长约0. 7毫米,花药黄色,卵椭圆形,长约0. 5毫米,在雌花内雄蕊显著短而败育,花盘明显,4浅裂,子房下部与花盘合生,花柱明显,基部略粗,柱头显著4裂。
果实椭圆形,长1—1. 2厘米,宽0. 6—0. 8厘米,有种子1颗;种子长椭圆形,顶端近圆形,基部圆钝,背腹微侧扁,种脐在背面中部向上渐狭,上部背棱脊突出,腹部中棱脊突出,两侧洼穴呈沟状,几平行向上达种子顶端时略向外伸展。
花期5—7月,果期9月至翌年4月。[2]
分类
Tetrastigma caudatum Merr. & Chun in Sunyatsenia 2: 275. t. 59. 1935; Chun & How in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7: 64. 1958; 海南植物志3: 24. 1974; W. T. Wang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17 (3): 95. 1979 in clavi; 中国高等植物图鉴补编2: 363 & 364. 1983 in clavi.
英文介绍
Lianas, woody. Branchlets terete, with longitudinal ridges, glabrous; tendrils unbranched. Leaves 3-foliolate or simple, rarely 2-foliate or 5-foliate, rarely pedately 5-foliolate at lower part of stem; petiole 2.5-7 cm; central petiolule 1.5-4 cm, lateral petiolules short, 0.5-1.5 cm, glabrous; leaflets lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, 6-14 × (2-)3-5 cm, glabrous, lateral veins 4-6 pairs, veinlets inconspicuously raised, base of central leaflet cuneate or broadly cuneate, base of lateral leaflets asymmetric and subrounded, margin with 4-6 obtuse and dentate teeth on each side, teeth rarely fine and inconspicuous, apex caudate-acuminate. Inflorescence umbelliform, axillary, 2.5-3 cm, articulate and subtended with bracts; peduncle 1-3.5 cm, pubescent. Pedicel 2-4 mm, with appressed hairs. Buds bottle-shaped, constricted near upper middle, 2-3 mm, apex truncate or obtuse. Calyx saucer-shaped, glabrous, with 4 triangular denticles. Petals ovate-elliptic, 1.5-2.5 mm, apex corniculate, glabrous. Filaments filiform, ca. 0.7 mm; anthers yellow, ovoid-elliptic, ca. 0.5 mm. Disk distinct, 4-lobed. Lower part of ovary adnate to disk; style distinct, base slightly thick; stigma conspicuously 4-lobed. Berry elliptic, 1-1.2 cm × 6-8 mm in diam., 1-seeded. Seed flat, elliptic, base obtuse, apex subrounded, ventral holes furrowed, parallel, nearly reaching apex. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Sep-Apr.
Forests in valleys, shrublands on hillsides; 200-700 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan [Vietnam].
尾叶崖爬藤生长环境
生山谷林中或山坡灌丛荫处,海拔200-700米。
尾叶崖爬藤生长环境
尾叶崖爬藤该种特点
该种通常叶为3小叶,在下部有时可见有鸟足状5小叶,偶有掌状5小叶,小叶披针形或椭圆披针形,顶端尾状渐尖,边缘有4-6个牙齿,花序疏生短柔毛,花萼和花瓣无毛,花瓣顶端有向外开展的小角,雄花中花盘和雌花中花柱明显,是其特点。