天山柳
天山柳 |
中文名:天山柳 学 名:Salix tianschanica Rgl. 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:双子叶植物纲 亚 纲:原始花被亚纲 目:杨柳目 科:杨柳科 属:柳属 种:天山柳 |
天山柳(tiān shān liǔ,学名 Salix tianschanica Rgl.),为柳属灌木,高1-3米,多分枝。小枝栗红色,无毛,有光泽。芽小,披针形,具微弯的嘴尖。 分布于中国新疆(天山)、苏联中亚山区。[1]
目录
天山柳形态特征
叶椭圆形或倒卵状椭圆形,先端钝或具短尖, 天山柳 基部楔形,上面绿色,下面较淡,幼叶两面被疏毛,沿叶脉尤密,成叶无毛,边缘有密的弯尖齿;托叶斜卵形,边缘有腺齿。
花几与叶同时开放,花序长2-3厘米;花序梗短,基部具鳞片状叶,早落;苞片长卵圆形,栗色至近黑色,有长毛;腺体1,腹生;雄蕊2,花丝离生(稀部分合生),基部有柔毛,花药黄色;子房卵形,有绒毛,有柄,花柱长约1毫米,柱头短。
蒴果长约5毫米,褐色,有疏毛。花期5月,果期6月。[2]
Salix tianschanica Rgl. in Acta Hort. Petrop. 6: 471. 1880; Nas. in Kom. Fl. URSS, 5: 84. 1936, excl. Pl. e Pamiro-Alaj. ——S. arbuscula auct. non L.: Poljak. in Fl. Kazakhst. 3: 33. 1960, p. p.
Shrubs to 3 m tall, much branched. Branchlets chestnut red, glabrous, shiny. Buds lanceolate, small. Stipules obliquely ovate, glandular dentate; petiole 8-10 mm; leaf blade elliptic or obovate-elliptic, abaxially greenish, glabrous, pilose when young, adaxially green, base cuneate, margin with dense, curving, sharp teeth, apex obtuse, acute, or shortly acuminate; lateral veins 10-12 on each side of midvein. Flowering nearly coetaneous. Catkins 2-3 cm; peduncle short, with caducous, scalelike leaflets at base; bracts chestnut colored to nearly black, long ovate, long pubescent. Male flower: gland adaxial; stamens 2; filaments distinct, rarely partly united, downy at base; anthers yellow. Female flower: ovary ovoid, tomentose, stipi-tate; style ca. 1 mm; stigma short. Capsule brown, ca. 5 mm, sparsely pilose. Fl. May, fr. Jun.
天山柳生长环境
主要生长于海拔1700-2700米的山区河岸边及林缘或灌丛中。如林窗下、林中、路边、渠边、山坡林缘、山坡云杉林中。