喜马拉雅崖爬藤
喜马拉雅崖爬藤 |
中文学名:喜马拉雅崖爬藤 拉丁学名:Tetrastigma rumicispermum (M. A. Lawson) Planch. 界:植物界 属:崖爬藤属 生活型:木质藤本 花 期:4-5月 |
喜马拉雅崖爬藤(xǐ mǎ lā yǎ yá pá téng,学名 Tetrastigma rumicispermum (Laws.) Planch.,异名:Vitis rumicisperma Cayratia kiujiangensis )为崖爬藤属一植物种,木质藤本。多生于生山坡或河谷林中。 [1]
目录
喜马拉雅崖爬藤形态特征
木质藤本。小枝圆柱形,老枝有显著瘤状突起,无毛。卷须2叉分枝,相隔2节间断与叶对生。
叶为鸟足状5小叶,中央小叶倒卵椭圆形,长4-17厘米,宽3-8厘米,顶端急尖或短尾尖,基部楔形,侧生小叶基部不对称,边缘每侧有7-16个细牙齿,上面绿色,下面浅绿色,两面均无毛或嫩叶时中脉上微被毛;
侧脉7-19对,网脉不明显;叶柄长3-14厘米,中央小叶柄长1-3厘米,侧生小叶总柄长0.5-1.8厘米,侧生小叶柄长0.5-1.8厘米,无毛。
花序腋生或侧枝上与叶对生,二级分枝4,集生成伞形;花序梗长3-8厘米,被短柔毛或几无毛;花梗长1-3毫米,被乳突状柔毛或几无毛;花蕾椭圆形或倒卵圆形,高2-2.5毫米,顶端圆形;
萼浅碟形,边缘呈波状,外面无毛;花瓣4,椭圆形,高1.8-2.3毫米,顶端呈风帽状,无毛;雄蕊4,花药黄色,在雌花内雄蕊显著短而败育;花盘在雄花中发达,4浅裂,在雌花中较薄;
子房圆锥形,下部与花盘合生,花柱短,柱头4裂。果实近球形,直径0.8-1厘米,有种子2-3颗;
种子倒三角形,顶端凹,基部渐狭成喙,种脐在种子背面中部上下呈带形,两侧横肋凸出,尖锐,腹部中棱脊突出,两侧洼穴呈沟状,从中部向上斜展达种子上部1/3处,周围有突出短横肋纹。
花期4-5月,果期7月至翌年5月。 [2]
分类
Tetrastigma rumicispermum (Laws.) Planch. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 5: 429. 1887; Momiyama in Hara, Fl. East. Himal. 1: 201. 1966 et in Hara & Williams, Enum. Fl. Pl. Nep. 2: 95. 1979.——Vitits rumicisperma Laws. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 661. 1875.——Cayratia kiujiangense C. Y. Wu ex W. T. Wang in Fl. Xizang. 3: 228. t. 96: 5. 1986 et Vasc. Pl. Hengd. Mount. 1: 1166. 1993.
英文介绍
Lianas, woody. Branchlets terete, conspicuously tuberculate when old, glabrous; tendrils bifurcate. Leaves pedately 5-foliolate; petiole 3-14 cm; central petiolule 1-3 cm, petiolules of lateral leaflet complex 0.5-1.8 cm, lateral petiolules 0.5-1.8 cm, glabrous; central leaflet obovate-elliptic, 4-17 × 3-8 cm, glabrous or pilose on midvein when young, lateral veins 7-19 pairs, veinlets inconspicuous, base cuneate, base of lateral leaflets asymmetric, margin with 7-16 denticles on each side, apex acute or mucronate. Inflorescence axillary or leaf-opposed on lateral branches, umbelliform; peduncle 3-8 cm, pubescent or glabrous. Pedicel 1-3 mm, papillose or glabrescent. Buds elliptic or obovoid-elliptic, 2-2.5 mm, apex rounded. Calyx shallow and saucer-shaped, glabrous, margin undulate. Petals elliptic, 1.8-2.3 mm, apex galeate, glabrous. Anthers yellow. Disk well developed in male flowers, 4-lobed, thin in female flowers. Ovary coniform, lower part of ovary adnate to disk; style inconspicuous; stigma 4-lobed. Berry globose, 8-10 mm in diam., 2- or 3-seeded. Seeds obovoid-triangular, base attenuate, apex retuse, ventral holes furrowed upward 1/3 from middle. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jul-next May.
Forests on hillsides or in valleys; 500-2500 m. Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Laos, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam].
1 Ovary glabrous. 31a var. rumicispermum 喜马拉雅崖爬藤
+ Ovary ferruginous pilose. 31b var. lasiogynum 锈毛喜马拉雅崖爬藤
喜马拉雅崖爬藤生长环境
生长在海拔500-2450米山坡或河谷林中。
喜马拉雅崖爬藤分布范围
喜马拉雅崖爬藤物种区别
在西藏察隅采集的标本近年曾被放到乌乌蔹莓属Cayratia Juss.植物中作为新种发表,作者检查了藏于英国邱园标本馆本种模式标本和本种分布区植物的变异之后,发现上述中国西藏产的植物应属崖爬藤属植物,并仅是本种广布区域范围内的群体变异,其主侧脉间小侧脉有时较长或有时较短,似乎形成多脉少脉的区分,但这种特点无明显的间断将上述植物区分成两个植物类群,更难于划分成两个种。