厚葉崖爬藤
厚葉崖爬藤 |
中文學名:厚葉崖爬藤 拉丁學名:Tetrastigma pachyphyllum 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 綱:雙子葉植物綱 亞 綱:原始花被亞綱 目:鼠李目 科:葡萄科 屬:崖爬藤屬 亞 屬:崖爬藤亞屬 組:崖爬藤組 亞 組:光皮亞組 |
厚葉崖爬藤(hòu yè yá pá téng,學名:Tetrastigma pachyphyllum)為葡萄科崖爬藤屬的植物。分布於老撾、越南以及中國大陸的廣東、海南等地,生長於海拔1,430米的地區,多生在低海拔林中或山坡灌叢,目前尚未由人工引種栽培。 [1]
目錄
厚葉崖爬藤形態特徵
木質藤本,莖扁平,多瘤狀突起。小枝圓柱形,有縱棱紋,常疏生瘤狀突起,無毛。卷鬚不分枝,相隔2節間斷與葉對生。
葉為鳥足狀5小葉,或3小葉,小葉倒卵形或倒卵長橢圓形,側生小葉有時長橢圓形或卵狀長橢圓形,長4-10厘米,寬2-4厘米,頂端驟尖,基部楔形或闊楔形,側生小葉基部不對稱,邊緣每側有4-5個疏鋸齒,齒粗或較細,上面綠色,下面淺綠色,兩面無毛;
側脈5-6對,網脈上面不明顯,下面微突出;葉柄長4.5-9.5厘米,小葉柄長1.5-4厘米,無毛。
花序為復二歧聚傘花序,腋生,長9.5-10厘米,比葉柄長或與葉柄近等長,下部有節,節上有苞片;花序梗長1-1.5厘米,密被短柔毛;花梗長2-3毫米,被短柔毛,果時伸長,有瘤狀突起;
花蕾長橢圓形,高約2毫米,頂端圓鈍;萼碟形,萼齒不明顯,外面被乳突狀毛;花瓣4,卵橢圓形,高約1.8毫米,頂端有短而鈍的小角,外面被乳突狀毛;
雄蕊4,在雌花內退化呈鱗片狀;花盤在雌花中不明顯;子房長圓錐形,花柱不明顯,柱頭4裂。
果球形,直徑1-1.8厘米,有種子1-2顆;種子橢圓形,頂端微凹,基部有尖銳短喙,種臍在種子背面呈狹帶形,從基部達種子頂端,腹面中棱脊突出,兩側窪穴呈溝狀,從中部向上斜展達種子頂端。
花期4-7月,果期5-10月。 [2]
分類
Tetrastigma pachyphyllum (Hemsl.) Chun in Sunyatsenia 4: 235. 1940; Chun & How in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7: 67. 1958. excl. T. harmandii Planch; 海南植物志3: 24. 1974; W. T. Wang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17 (3): 94. 1979 in clavi; 中國高等植物圖鑑補編2: 362 & 364. 1983. ——Vitis pachyphylla Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 425. 1886. ——T. crassipes Planch. var. strumarum Planch. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 5: 427. 1887.——T. strumarum Gagnep. in Lecomte, Not. Syst. 1: 267. 1910 et in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine. 1: 905. 1912 et in Humbert, Suppl. Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine. 1: 875. 1950.
英文介紹
Vitis pachyphylla Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23: 135. 1886; Tetrastigma crassipes Planchon var. strumarum Planchon; T. strumarum (Planchon) Gagnepain.
Lianas, woody. Stem flat, often tuberculate. Branchlets terete, with longitudinal ridges, sparsely tuberculate, glabrous; tendrils unbranched. Leaves pedately 5-foliolate or 3-foliolate; petiole 4.5-9.5 cm; petiolules 1.5-4 cm, glabrous; leaflets obovate or obovate-elliptic, sometimes lateral leaflets elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 4-10 × 2-4 cm, lateral veins 5 or 6 pairs, veinlets slightly raised abaxially, inconspicuous adaxially, base cuneate or broadly so, base of lateral leaflets asymmetric, margin sparsely 4- or 5-toothed on each side, glabrous, apex cuspidate. Compound dichasium axillary, 9.5-10 cm, with nodes and bracts; peduncle 1-1.5 cm, densely pubescent. Pedicel 2-3 mm, pubescent, more elongated and tuberculate at fruiting stage. Buds elliptic, ca. 2 mm, apex rounded. Calyx saucer-shaped, papillose, teeth inconspicuous. Petals ovate-elliptic, ca. 1.8 mm, apex slightly and obtusely corniculate, papillose. Disk inconspicuous in female flowers. Ovary narrowly coniform; style inconspicuous; stigma 4-lobed. Berry globose, 1-1.8 cm in diam., 1- or 2-seeded. Seeds elliptic, base with a sharp, short rostrum, apex retuse, ventral holes furrowed upward from middle to apex. Fl. Apr-Jul, fr. May-Oct.
Lowland forests or shrublands. Guangdong, Hainan [Laos, Vietnam].
厚葉崖爬藤生長環境
生長於低海拔林中或山坡灌叢。