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南方吻蘭

中文名:南方吻蘭

拼 音:nán fāng wěn lán

學 名:Collabium delavayi

(Gagnep.) Seidenf.

界:植物界

亞 界:綠色植物亞界

總 門:輪藻總門

門:木賊門(有胚植物門)

亞 門:木賊亞門(維管植物亞門)

綱:木蘭綱(被子植物綱)

亞 綱:百合亞綱

超 目:天門冬超目

目:天門冬目

科:蘭科

屬:吻蘭屬

種:南方吻蘭

南方吻蘭(nán fāng wěn lán,學名 Collabium delavayi (Gagnepain) Seidenfaden,異名:Tainia delavayi Collabiopsis delavayi Chrysoglossum delavayi ),蘭科吻蘭屬植物,產於廣東廣西雲南貴州湖北湖南等地。 [1]

目錄

生態特徵

Tainia delavayi Gagnepain, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 4: 708. 1932; Chrysoglossum delavayi (Gagnepain) Tang & F. T. Wang; Collabiopsis delavayi (Gagnepain) S. S. Ying.

Rhizome to 30 cm, 1.5-2 mm in diam., not branching. Pseudobulbs: leaf-bearing ones borne 6.5-8 cm apart, 1.5-2 × ca. 0.2 cm, rather angular in section;

inflorescence-bearing ones 1.5-2 cm from leaf-bearing ones, smaller, cylindric. Leaf blade ovate-oblong, 5.5-12 × 2.5-4.3 cm, acute to acuminate; petiole 0.4-1.1 cm. Peduncle 13-17 cm;

rachis to 8 cm, 4-7-flowered; floral bracts ovate-oblong, 0.6-1.1 cm × 2-5.5 mm, acute. Flowers recorded as white, with violet tips to sepals, yellowish with red lines, or purple;

pedicel and ovary 12-13 cm. Dorsal sepal obovate to linear-lanceolate, 16-18 × 2-4 mm, 3-veined, acute to acuminate; lateral sepals unequal in size and shape, one more falcate than other, obovate to linear-lanceolate, 13-16.5 × 2-3 mm, 3-veined, acuminate.

Petals similar to sepals, slightly falcate, 12-16.5 × 2-2.5 mm, 3-veined, acute to acuminate; lip 13-15.5 mm, 3-lobed; hypochile 7-10 × 9-10 mm; claw 4.5-5.5 mm;

lateral lobes erect, subovate, somewhat falcate, 6-7.5 × 2.5-4 mm, distally obtuse to acute and irregularly toothed to lacerate; epichile broadly obovate to transversely elliptic, 5.5-6 × 7-8 mm, margin toothed to lacerate, apex truncate to somewhat emarginate, somewhat recurved;

lateral keels 2, between lateral lobes turning into an erect, incurved ligulate lobe with a rounded top, each keel continuing as an entire, thin crest, ending halfway or on top of epichile;

median keel commencing from fleshy part between elevation of keels as a low, fleshy, entire ridge ending on basal half or top half of epichile. Column 9-10 mm, top part truncate, acutely tipped;

column foot spur saccate, cylindric, 5-6.5 mm. Fl. Jun, Nov.[2]

生境產地

● Primary forests, along streams, ravines, on rocks; 400-2400 m. Guangdong, N Guangxi, NE Guizhou, W Hubei, S Hunan, SE Yunnan.[3]

植物文化

蘭花是中國最古老的花卉之一,早在帝堯之世就有種植蘭花的傳說。古人認為蘭花「香」、「花」、「葉」三美俱全,又有「氣清」、「色清」、「神清」、「韻清」四清,是「理想之美,萬化之神奇」。最早賦予蘭花一定人文精神的是孔子,據東漢蔡邕琴操》載:孔子自衛反魯,隱谷之中,見幽蘭獨茂,蔚然嘆曰:「蘭當為王者香」。

真正的蘭花文化則起源於戰國時期楚國的愛國詩人屈原,他種蘭、愛蘭、詠蘭,以蘭花為寄託,千百年來一直影響着後人。後世詩人在詠蘭時,也有許多的名句,比如陳子昂的「歲華盡搖落,芳意竟何成」。劉克莊的「一從夫子臨軒顧,羞伍凡葩鬥豔濤」。詩人們將蘭花的高潔與人格的完美聯繫起來,使得蘭花文化不斷得以拓展和延續。

蘭花以高潔、清雅、幽香而著稱,葉姿優美,花香幽遠。自古以來,蘭花都被譽為美好事物的象徵,已廣泛在民間人格化了。蘭花對社會生活與文化藝術發生了巨大的影響。父母以蘭命名以表心,畫家取蘭作畫以寓意,詩人詠蘭賦詩以言志。蘭花的形象和氣質久已深入人心,並起着潛移默化的作用。古代舞劇以「蘭步」、「蘭指」為優美動作,把優秀的文學作品和書法作品稱為「蘭章」,把真摯的友誼叫做「蘭交」,把人的芳潔、美慧喻為「蘭心蕙質」。又把傑出人物的去世比作「蘭摧玉拆」。蘭花在中國人民心目中,已經成為一切美好事物的寄寓和象徵。[4]

參考來源

  1. 南方吻蘭, 植物智, 2020-01-18
  2. 南方吻蘭 Collabium delavayi 南方吻蘭(nán fāng wěn lán) PPBCCVHColDuocetCFHeFlorasEOLTPLIPNIBHLPOWOGBIFiDigBioBingBaiduCollabium delavayi (Gagnepain) Seidenfaden...
  3. FOC >> Vol.25 (2009) >> Orchidaceae >> Collabium
  4. 國蘭——植物文化和栽培繁殖 .山西文水縣—生態保護[引用日期2014-12-29