華檫木

花擦木

原圖鏈接 來自植物智

中文名:花擦木 拉丁學名:Sinosassafras flavinervium (C. K. Allen) H. W. Li 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 綱:雙子葉植物綱 亞 綱:原始花被亞綱 目:毛茛目 科:樟科 亞 科:樟亞科 屬:花擦木屬 分布區域:雲南省、 西藏自治區

花擦木(huá chá mù，學名 Sinosassafras flavinervium (C. K. Allen) H. W. Li，俗名：香果樹、黃脈釣樟，異名：Lindera flavinervia )，是雙子葉植物綱、樟科、花擦木屬喬木，高4-15（25）米，胸徑10-30厘米；樹皮灰褐色，有不規則裂紋，皮層黃褐色，厚達5毫米以上，無香味。枝條近圓柱形，幼時明顯具稜角，粗糙、綠色，干時黑褐色，無毛，老枝有時有近圓形縱裂的皮孔。頂芽大，卵形至長圓形，產雲南西部、西藏東南部。

目錄

形態特徵

喬木，高4-15（25）米，胸徑10-30厘米；樹皮灰褐色，有不規則裂紋，皮層黃褐色，厚達5毫米以上，無香味。

原圖鏈接 來自植物智

枝條近圓柱形，幼時明顯具稜角，粗糙、綠色，干時黑褐色，無毛，老枝有時有近圓形縱裂的皮孔。頂芽大，卵形至長圓形，長0.9-1.5厘米，芽鱗外面密被金黃色絹質柔毛。

原圖鏈接 來自植物智

原圖鏈接 來自植物智

原圖鏈接 來自植物智

葉互生，寬橢圓形至近圓形，長6-12厘米，寬3.5-6.5（10）厘米，先端急尖或短漸尖，基部寬楔形，邊緣背卷，薄革質，上面綠色，有光澤，下面灰綠色，側脈每邊約6條，最基部一對近對生，自基部以上5-9毫米弧曲分出，與中脈兩面均明顯，黃色，網脈兩面明顯突出；葉柄長(1)1.5-2.5(3.5)厘米，無毛。

傘形花序有花(3) 5-6朵，多數着生於葉腋長1-1.5厘米具頂芽的小枝上，總梗極短，約長0.5毫米，被極細微柔毛；苞片早落。雄花綠或綠黃色，具梗；花梗長(3)4-5毫米，被淡黃色微柔毛；

花被片6，不等大，兩面無毛；雄蕊9，近等長，第一、二輪長約2.5毫米，花絲長1毫米，花葯菱狀寬卵形，長1.5毫米，第三輪雄蕊略短，花絲近基部有2個具短柄寬腎形腺體；

退化子房近球形，長約1毫米，無毛；花柱柱狀，長1.5毫米，柱頭盾形。雌花綠色，花梗長2毫米，被淡黃色極細微柔毛；花被片6，近等大，雄蕊9，長約1.5毫米，外方5-6枚花絲無腺體，花葯菱狀寬卵形，內方5-6枚花絲基部有2個近無柄卵狀腎形大腺體，花葯退化成棍棒狀；

子房球形，直徑約1.2毫米，無毛，花柱粗壯，長約1.3毫米，柱頭盾形，直徑1.5毫米，具乳突。果近球形，直徑達8毫米，鮮時綠色，干時黑色，無毛；

果梗長達8毫米，粗壯，果托長2一3毫米，寬4毫米。花、果期6-11月。

分類文獻

Lindera flavinervia C. K. Allen, J. Arnold Arbor. 22: 30. 1941.

Trees, 4-15(-25) m tall, 10-30 cm d.b.h. Bark gray-brown, irregularly dehiscent-striate; phloem yellow-brown, more than 5 mm thick. Branchlets green but black-brown when dry, subterete, distinctly angular when young, scabrous, glabrous, sometimes with suborbicular and longitudinally dehiscent lenticels.

Terminal bud large, ovoid to oblong, 0.9-1.5 cm; bud scales densely golden sericeous-pubescent outside. Leaves alternate; petiole (1-)1.5-2.5(-3.5) cm, glabrous; leaf blade abaxially gray-green, adaxially green and shiny, broadly elliptic to suborbicular, 6-12 × 3.5-6.5(-10) cm, thinly leathery, triplinerved, lateral veins ca. 6 pairs, basal lateral veins arcuate-ascendant 1-5 mm above leaf base, basal veins and midrib distinct and yellow on both surfaces, reticulate veins distinctly elevated on both surfaces, base broadly cuneate, margin revolute, apex shortly acuminate. Pseudoumbels (3-)5- or 6-flowered, solitary or 2(or 3) inserted in leaf axils and always 3 to many inserted on axillary leafless short shoot with a poorly developed terminal bud; peduncles ca. 0.5 mm, pubescent; involucral bracts caducous.

Male flowers green or green-yellow; pedicels (3-)4-5 mm, yellowish pubescent; perianth segments 6, unequal, glabrous; fertile stamens 9, subequal, those of 1st and 2nd whorls ca. 1.5 mm, with filaments ca. 1 mm and broadly rhomboid-ovoid anthers ca. 1.5 mm, those of 3rd whorl somewhat shorter and filaments with 2 shortly stipitate broadly reniform glands near base; rudimentary ovary subglobose, ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous; style terete, ca. 1.5 mm; stigma peltate.

Female flowers green; pedicels ca. 2 mm, yellowish pubescent; perianth segments 6, subequal; staminodes 9, ca. 1.5 mm, outer 3(or 4) each with eglandular filament and broadly rhomboid-ovoid anther, inner 5(or 6) each with 2-glandular filament and clavate rudimentary anther; glands subsessile and ovoid-reniform; ovary globose, ca. 1.5 mm in diam., glabrous; style stout, ca. 1.3 mm; stigma peltate, ca. 1.5 mm in diam., papillose. Fruits green when fresh, black when dry, subglobose, up to 8 mm in diam., glabrous; fruiting pedicels up to 8 mm, robust; fruit cupule 2-3 × ca. 4 mm. Fl. and fr. Jun-Nov.

● Secondary evergreen broad-leaved forests, thickets, forest margins or roadsides on mountain slopes or in valleys. SE Xizang, W Yunnan.

The seed oil is used as a lubricant or for making soap; it is also used for lighting by local people.The seed oil is used as a lubricant or for making soap; it is also used for lighting by local people.

產地生境

產雲南西部、西藏東南部。生于山坡或溝谷次生常綠闊葉林、灌叢、林緣及路旁。

價值

種子含脂肪，可供制皂及潤滑油；群眾用以榨油點燈。