七小叶崖爬藤
七小叶崖爬藤 |
中文学名:七小叶崖爬藤 拉丁学名:Tetrastigma delavayi Gagnep 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:双子叶植物纲 亚 纲:原始花被亚纲 目:鼠李目 科:葡萄科 属:崖爬藤属 亚 属:崖爬藤亚属 棱皮组 命名者及年代:Gagnep,1911 |
七小叶崖爬藤(qī xiǎo yè yá pá téng,学名:Tetrastigma delavayi Gagnep)为木质藤本,茎多瘤状突起。花期6-7月,果期10月至翌年3月。产缅甸、越南以及中国广西、贵州、云南。生山谷林中或灌丛中,海拔1000-2500米。 [1]
目录
七小叶崖爬藤形态特征
木质藤本,茎多瘤状突起。小枝圆柱形,皮孔明显,有纵棱纹,无毛。
卷须二叉分枝,相隔2节间断与叶对生。叶为鸟足状7-8小叶,中央小叶倒卵长椭圆形或披针形,长8-15厘米,稀长达21厘米,宽2-7厘米,侧生小叶长2.5-15厘米,每侧边缘有5-15个锯齿,上面暗绿色,下面浅绿色,两面均无毛;
侧脉5-9对,网脉不明显;叶柄长3-10(18)厘米,中央小叶柄长0.8-2厘米,侧生小叶柄极短或近无柄,侧生小叶总柄与中央小叶柄近等长,稀有时或长或短,无毛。
花序长4-13厘米,比叶柄短、近等长或长于叶柄,腋生,在侧枝上通常与叶对生或假顶生,二级分枝4,成伞状集生,三级以后分枝成二歧状;花序梗长5-8厘米,被短柔毛;花梗长1-3毫米,被稀疏短柔毛;
花瓣4,长椭圆形或卵圆形,顶端突出呈风帽状,无毛;雄蕊4, 花丝丝状,花药黄色,卵圆形,长宽近相等,在雌花内雄蕊比雌蕊长,败育花药三角形;
花盘在雌雄花中均发达,4浅裂;子房下部与花盘合生,花柱不明显,柱头扩大,浅4裂。
果实成熟时紫色,球形,直径0.8-1.5厘米,有种子3-4颗;种子倒卵三角形,顶端凹,基部渐狭成喙,背面凸起,种脐在种子背面下部1/3处向上呈带形渐狭到顶端接近凹处,两侧横肋明显突出;
腹面中棱脊突出使腹部成两个侧面,两侧洼穴接近种子基部或从中部呈沟状斜向上伸展达种子上部1/3处,外侧横肋显著突出。
花期6-7月,果期10月至翌年3月。 [2]
分类
Tetrastigma delavayi Gagnep. in Lecomte, Not. Syst. 1: 378. 1911; W. T. Wang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17 (3): 95. 1979 in clavi et中国高等植物图鉴补编2: 363. 1983 in clavi et in Guihaia 8 (2) : 118. 1988; 云南种子植物名录上册798. 1984.——Tetrastigma delavayi Gagnep. f. majus W. T. Wang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17 (3) : 83. 1979; 中国高等植物图鉴补编2: 363. 1983 in clavi; 云南种子植物名录上册799. 1984.
英文介绍
Tetrastigma delavayi f. majus W. T. Wang.
Lianas, woody. Stem tuberculate. Branchlets terete, with longitudinal ridges and distinct lenticels, glabrous; tendrils bifurcate. Leaves pedately 7- or 8-foliolate; petiole 3-10(-18) cm; central petiolule 0.8-2 cm, petiolules of lateral leaflet complex usually ca. as long as that of central petiolule, lateral petiolules very short or lateral leaflets sessile, glabrous; central leaflet obovate-elliptic or lanceolate, 8-15(-21) × 2-7 cm, lateral leaflets 2.5-15 cm, glabrous, lateral veins 5-9 pairs, veinlets inconspicuous, margin 5-15-toothed on each side. Inflorescence umbelliform, axillary, or leaf-opposed or pseudoterminal on lateral branches, 4-13 cm; peduncle 5-8 cm, pubescent. Pedicel 1-3 mm, pilose. Petals elliptic or oval, 1.3-1.7 mm, apex galeate, glabrous. Stamens 4; filaments filiform, longer than pistil in male flowers; anthers yellow, oval. Disk developed either in female or male flowers, 4-lobed. Lower part of ovary adnate to disk; style inconspicuous; stigma expanded, 4-lobed. Berry purple at maturity, spheroid, 0.8-1.5 cm in diam., 3- or 4-seeded. Seeds obovoid-triangular, base attenuate to rostrum, apex retuse. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Oct-Mar.
Forests or shrublands in valleys; 1000-2500 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan [Myanmar, Vietnam].
七小叶崖爬藤生长环境
生山谷林中或灌丛中,海拔1000-2500米。
七小叶崖爬藤分布范围
七小叶崖爬藤近种区别
七小叶崖爬藤与喜马拉雅崖爬藤T. rumicispermum (Laws.) Planch.相近,但喜马拉雅崖爬藤T. rumicispermum (Laws.) Planch.为鸟足状5小叶,叶缘具细牙齿,显著区别。
七小叶崖爬藤该种提示
该种花序上毛变化较大,典型的标本花序分枝上被短柔毛,以后脱落几无毛。