省沽油檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史
省沽油 |
中文名:省沽油 原 料:落葉灌木或小喬木 顏 色:花玫瑰紅色 特 點:在於頂端小葉柄極長 |
省沽油( shěng gū yóu,學名Staphylea bumalda DC.,俗名:水條,異名:Bumalda trifolia Staphylea bumalda var. pubescens ,落葉灌木,高約2米,稀達5米,樹皮紫紅色或灰褐色,有縱棱;枝條開展,綠白色複葉對生,有長柄,柄長2.5-3厘米,具三小葉;小葉橢圓形、卵圓形或卵狀披針形,長(3.5-)4.5-8厘米,寬(2-)2.5-5厘米,先端銳尖,具尖尾,尖尾長約1厘米,基部楔形或圓形,邊緣有細鋸齒,產黑龍江、吉林、遼寧、河北、山西、陝西、浙江、湖北、安徽、江蘇、四川。生於路旁、山地或叢林中 [1]
生態特徵
落葉灌木,高約2米,稀達5米,樹皮紫紅色或灰褐色,有縱棱;枝條開展,綠白色複葉對生,有長柄,柄長2.5-3厘米,具三小葉;
小葉橢圓形、卵圓形或卵狀披針形,長(3.5-)4.5-8厘米,寬(2-)2.5-5厘米,先端銳尖,具尖尾,尖尾長約1厘米,基部楔形或圓形,邊緣有細鋸齒;
齒尖具尖頭,上面無毛,背面青白色,主脈及側脈有短毛;中間小葉柄長5-10毫米,兩側小葉柄長1-2毫米。圓錐花序頂生,直立,花白色;萼片長橢圓形,淺黃白色;
花瓣5,白色,倒卵狀長圓形,較萼片稍大,長5-7毫米,雄蕊5,與花瓣略等長。蒴果膀胱狀,扁平,2室,先端2裂;種子黃色,有光澤。花期4-5月,果期8-9月。
Bumalda trifolia Thunberg, Nov. Gen. Pl. 3: 63. 1783, not Staphylea trifolia Linnaeus (1753); S. bumalda var. pubescens N. Li & Y. H. He.
Shrubs, 2(-5) m tall; bark dark red or grayish brown with vertical stripes. Branches spreading, greenish white. Leaves trifoliolate; petiole 2.5-3 cm; petiolule of terminal leaflet 5-10 mm, that of lateral leaflets 1-2 mm; leaflet blades elliptic, ovate, or lanceolate-ovate, (3.5-)4.5-8 × (2-)2.5-5 cm, glabrescent and green on adaxial surface, pubescent along veins and pale green on abaxial surface, base cuneate or rounded, margin serrulate with sharp teeth, apex caudate with ca. 1 cm cauda.
Inflorescence a terminal panicle, erect. Flowers white. Sepals light yellow, elliptic. Petals white, obovate to elliptic, 5-7 mm, slightly larger than sepals. Stamens 5, as long as petals.
Ovary 2-locular; styles 2, free. Capsule bladderlike, compressed, 2-locular, dehiscing at apex. Seeds shining yellow. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug-Sep.
分類文獻
Staphylea bumalda DC. Prodr. 2: 2. 1825: Sieb. et Zucc. Fl. Jap. 1: 180. t. 95. 1826-35; Wils. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 2: 185. 1916; Nakai in Tokyo Bot, Mag. 44: 17. 1930; KitagaWa; Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 309. 1939;中國高等植物圖鑑2: 690. 圖3110. 1972.——Bumalda trifolia Thunb. Nov. Gen. Pl. 2: 63. 1783 et Fl. Jap. 114. 1784.
產地生境
產黑龍江、吉林、遼寧、河北、山西、陝西、浙江、湖北、安徽、江蘇、四川。生於路旁、山地或叢林中。
價值
種子油可制肥皂及油漆。莖皮可作纖維。據分析,種子含油17.57%。