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省沽油 |
中文名:省沽油 原 料:落叶灌木或小乔木 颜 色:花玫瑰红色 特 点:在于顶端小叶柄极长 |
省沽油( shěng gū yóu,学名Staphylea bumalda DC.,俗名:水条,异名:Bumalda trifolia Staphylea bumalda var. pubescens ,落叶灌木,高约2米,稀达5米,树皮紫红色或灰褐色,有纵棱;枝条开展,绿白色复叶对生,有长柄,柄长2.5-3厘米,具三小叶;小叶椭圆形、卵圆形或卵状披针形,长(3.5-)4.5-8厘米,宽(2-)2.5-5厘米,先端锐尖,具尖尾,尖尾长约1厘米,基部楔形或圆形,边缘有细锯齿,产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、河北、山西、陕西、浙江、湖北、安徽、江苏、四川。生于路旁、山地或丛林中 [1]
生态特征
落叶灌木,高约2米,稀达5米,树皮紫红色或灰褐色,有纵棱;枝条开展,绿白色复叶对生,有长柄,柄长2.5-3厘米,具三小叶;
小叶椭圆形、卵圆形或卵状披针形,长(3.5-)4.5-8厘米,宽(2-)2.5-5厘米,先端锐尖,具尖尾,尖尾长约1厘米,基部楔形或圆形,边缘有细锯齿;
齿尖具尖头,上面无毛,背面青白色,主脉及侧脉有短毛;中间小叶柄长5-10毫米,两侧小叶柄长1-2毫米。圆锥花序顶生,直立,花白色;萼片长椭圆形,浅黄白色;
花瓣5,白色,倒卵状长圆形,较萼片稍大,长5-7毫米,雄蕊5,与花瓣略等长。蒴果膀胱状,扁平,2室,先端2裂;种子黄色,有光泽。花期4-5月,果期8-9月。
Bumalda trifolia Thunberg, Nov. Gen. Pl. 3: 63. 1783, not Staphylea trifolia Linnaeus (1753); S. bumalda var. pubescens N. Li & Y. H. He.
Shrubs, 2(-5) m tall; bark dark red or grayish brown with vertical stripes. Branches spreading, greenish white. Leaves trifoliolate; petiole 2.5-3 cm; petiolule of terminal leaflet 5-10 mm, that of lateral leaflets 1-2 mm; leaflet blades elliptic, ovate, or lanceolate-ovate, (3.5-)4.5-8 × (2-)2.5-5 cm, glabrescent and green on adaxial surface, pubescent along veins and pale green on abaxial surface, base cuneate or rounded, margin serrulate with sharp teeth, apex caudate with ca. 1 cm cauda.
Inflorescence a terminal panicle, erect. Flowers white. Sepals light yellow, elliptic. Petals white, obovate to elliptic, 5-7 mm, slightly larger than sepals. Stamens 5, as long as petals.
Ovary 2-locular; styles 2, free. Capsule bladderlike, compressed, 2-locular, dehiscing at apex. Seeds shining yellow. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug-Sep.
分类文献
Staphylea bumalda DC. Prodr. 2: 2. 1825: Sieb. et Zucc. Fl. Jap. 1: 180. t. 95. 1826-35; Wils. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 2: 185. 1916; Nakai in Tokyo Bot, Mag. 44: 17. 1930; KitagaWa; Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 309. 1939;中国高等植物图鉴2: 690. 图3110. 1972.——Bumalda trifolia Thunb. Nov. Gen. Pl. 2: 63. 1783 et Fl. Jap. 114. 1784.
产地生境
产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、河北、山西、陕西、浙江、湖北、安徽、江苏、四川。生于路旁、山地或丛林中。
价值
种子油可制肥皂及油漆。茎皮可作纤维。据分析,种子含油17.57%。