沙芥檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史
沙芥 |
中文名:沙芥 學 名:Pugionium cornutum 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 綱:雙子葉植物綱 亞 綱:原始花被亞綱 目:罌粟目 亞 目:白花菜亞目 科:十字花科 族:獨行菜族 屬:沙芥屬 種:沙芥 |
沙芥(shā jiè),學名:Pugionium cornutum (Linnaeus) Gaertn.,異名:Myagrum cornutum Bunias cornuta ,是十字花科、沙芥屬一年生草本植物,根肉質,手指粗;莖直立,多分枝。葉肉質,下部葉有柄,羽狀分裂,頂裂片卵形或長圓形,長7-8厘米,全緣或有1-2齒,或頂端2-3裂,側裂片長圓形,基部稍抱莖,邊緣有2-3齒;莖上部葉披針狀線形,總狀花序頂生,成圓錐花序;萼片長圓形,花瓣黃色,寬匙形,頂端細尖。短角果革質,橫卵形,果梗粗,長2-2.5厘米。種子長圓形,長約1厘米,黃棕色。花期6月,果期8-9月。 [1]
沙芥形態特徵
一年或二年生草本,高50-100厘米;根肉質,手指粗;莖直立,多分枝。葉肉質,下部葉有柄,羽狀分裂,長10-20厘米,寬3-4.5厘米;
裂片3-4對,頂裂片卵形或長圓形,長7-8厘米,全緣或有1-2齒,或頂端2-3裂,側裂片長圓形,基部稍抱莖,邊緣有2-3齒;
莖上部葉披針狀線形,長3-5厘米,寬2-5毫米,全緣。總狀花序頂生,成圓錐花序;萼片長圓形,長6-7毫米;花瓣黃色,寬匙形,長約1.5厘米,頂端細尖。
短角果革質,橫卵形,長約1.5厘米,寬7-8毫米,側扁,兩側各有1披針形翅,長2-5厘米,寬3-5毫米,上舉成鈍角,具突起網紋,有4個或更多角狀刺;
果梗粗,長2-2.5厘米。種子長圓形,長約1厘米,黃棕色。花期6月,果期8-9月。
Bunias cornuta Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 669. 1753; Myagrum cornutum (Lamarck) Linnaeus.
Herbs annual, 50-100(-150) cm tall. Stems erect, many branched above. Basal leaves slightly fleshy; petiole 2-6 cm; leaf blade pinnatisect, 8-25 × 1.5-4.5 cm; lateral lobes 4-7 on each side of midvein, ultimate segments oblong, lanceolate, or rarely lanceolate-linear, 1-5 cm × 1-6 mm, entire or larger ones coarsely dentate or 3-fid, apex acute.
Middle cauline leaves pinnatisect, auriculate; uppermost cauline leaves oblanceolate or linear, 3-6 cm × 2-4 mm, base attenuate, not auriculate, margin entire. Fruiting pedicels slightly stout, straight or curved upward, (1-)1.7-3 cm. Sepals 5-7 × 1.2-1.5 mm; sac of lateral pair 0.5-0.8(-1) mm.
Petals whitish, linear to linear-lanceolate, 1.2-1.5 cm × 1.5-2.5 mm; claw 5-7 mm. Median filaments 6-8 mm; lateral filaments 4-5 mm; anthers oblong, 1.2-1.5 mm. Fruit transversely oblong or ovoid, excluding wings 0.7-1.2 × 1.5-2 cm; wings ensiform, straight, (2-)3-5(-6.5) cm, 3-5(-6) mm wide at base, longitudinally 3-veined, margin entire, apex acuminate; spines 8-10, to 2 cm × 2 mm, basal 4 pointing downward, subparallel to pedicel, much longer than the others, remaining 4 or 6 horizontal or erect; style absent. Seeds brown, oblong, 8-10 × 3-4 mm. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Jul-Sep.
- Desert dunes; 1000-1100 m. Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi.
產地生境
產內蒙古(昭烏達盟翁牛特旗)、陝西(榆林)、寧夏(靈武、陶樂)。生在沙漠地帶沙丘上。模式標本采自內蒙古。
價值
嫩葉作蔬菜或飼料;全草供藥用,有止痛、消食、解毒作用。
分類文獻
Pugionium cornutum (L.) Gaertn. 291. t. 142. 1791; Maxim. in Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. 26 (3): 425. 1880 et Enum. Pl. Mongol. 1: 74. pl. 5. f. 10-26. 1889; Kom. l. c. 718. f. l. 4-5. 1932; T. Y. Cheo in Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 3: 120. 1949; 中國高等植物圖鑑2: 40. 圖1810, 1972; 內蒙古植物志2: 300. 圖版156. 1978; 東北草本植物志4: 81. 1980. ——Bunias cornuta L. Sp. Pl. 2: 669. 1753.