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中文学名:毛天料木 拉丁学名:Homalium mollissimum Merr. 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:双子叶植物纲 目:侧膜胎座目 科:大风子科 属:天料木属 |
毛天料木(máo tiān liào mù，学名 Homalium mollissimum Merr.)，大风子科，天料木属植物。灌木或小乔木，高6-7米；树皮灰色或灰褐色；生于低海拔山地林中。我国海南及越南北部有分布。 [1]
毛天料木形态特征
灌木或小乔木，高6-7米；树皮灰色或灰褐色；小枝圆柱形，幼时密被短柔毛，逐渐脱落减少。
叶革质，椭圆形或长圆椭圆形，稀长圆形，长5-11厘米，宽2.5-5厘米，先端急尖至短尾尖，基部楔形至宽楔形，边缘有疏离浅锯齿，幼时两面密被苍黄色柔毛，以后逐渐减少，中脉和侧脉在上面平坦，下面突起，侧脉6-8对；叶柄长2-5毫米，密被柔毛；托叶披针形，长约1厘米，被柔毛，早落。
花白色，多数，以2朵簇生或单个而排成总状，总状花序顶生或生于上部的叶腋，长4-8厘米；花序梗和花梗密被苍黄色柔毛；花梗长2-3毫米；花直径4-6毫米，中部具节；萼筒狭陀螺状，长约2毫米，有明显纵槽纹，外面密被苍黄色柔毛；
萼片线形或倒披针状线形，长4-5毫米，宽1-1.5毫米，先端稍钝，两面疏被长柔毛，边缘密被睫毛；
花瓣倒披针形，稍比萼片长，先端尖或钝，两面被长柔毛，边缘密被睫毛，结果时有明显脉纹；雄蕊7，花丝与花瓣近等长，下部被开展长柔毛；子房被开展长柔毛，花柱3-4，丝状，长约3毫米，结果时加倍之，下部被开展长柔毛；侧膜胎座3-4，每个有胚珠3-4颗。
蒴果倒圆锥形，长5-7毫米，被长柔毛。花期6-12月，果期7月至次年春季。 [2]
Homalium mollissimum Merr. in Lingn. Sci. Journ. 14: 39. 1935; How et Ko in Acta Bot. Sin. 8 (1): 42. 1959; 海南植物志1: 462. 1964; M. Lescot in Fl. Cambodge Laos et Vietanm 11: 86. 1970; G. S. Fan in Journ. Wuhan Bot. Res. 8 (2): 132. 1990; 广东植物志2: 114. 1991.
Shrubs or small trees, 6-7 m tall; bark gray or gray-brown; branchlets terete, densely pubescent, hairs spreading, yellowish. Stipules sometimes persistent, 5-10 mm, linear, narrowly elliptic, or obovate, pubescent with long white hairs, margin toothed or erose; petiole 2-5 mm, densely pubescent; leaf blade elliptic or oblong-elliptic, rarely oblong or obovate, ca. 2 × as long as wide, 5-11 × 2.5-5 cm, leathery, both surfaces sparsely to densely yellow pubescent throughout, midvein and lateral veins raised abaxially, flat adaxially, lateral veins 6-8 pairs, base acute to rounded, margin remotely shallowly serrate, apex acute to shortly acuminate, acumen to ca. 7 mm. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, racemose, 4-8 cm; rachis densely pubescent, hairs spreading, yellowish white, long; bracts narrowly lanceolate to linear, 1-4 mm, papery, margin entire, toothed, or erose, pubescent, hairs spreading, white, long. Pedicels 2-3 mm, articulate above middle, densely pubescent, hairs spreading, yellowish, long. Flowers numerous, inserted along rachis singly or in pairs, white, 7- or 8-merous, 4-6 mm in diam. Calyx tube ca. 2 mm, conspicuously longitudinally ribbed, outside densely pubescent, hairs mostly as long as those on sepal and petal margins, spreading, yellowish; sepals linear or oblanceolate-linear, 3-5 × 1-1.5 mm, apex usually acute, both surfaces sparsely pubescent, hairs spreading, white, long; sepal margin densely ciliate, hairs spreading, white, long. Petals oblanceolate, slightly longer than sepals, apex acute or obtuse, both surfaces sparsely pubescent, hairs spreading, white, long; margin densely ciliate, hairs spreading, long, to 1.5-2 mm at petal apex. Disk glands minute. Stamens 7 or 8; filaments ca. equal to or overtopping petals, with long spreading hairs in lower part. Free part of ovary pubescent, hairs spreading, white, straight, ca. 1 mm or more; styles 3 or 4, ca. 3 mm, ca. 2 × longer at fruiting stage, hairy except for distal 1/4, hairs as for ovary; placentas 3 or 4, each with 3 or 4 ovules. Capsule 5-7 mm. Fl. Jun-Dec, fr. Jul-Jan of following year.
毛天料木生长环境
生长于低海拔山地林中。
毛天料木分布范围
产于海南（崖县、保亭、昌江、陵水、万宁、乐东、琼中、定安）。越南北部也有分布。模式标本采自凤上村。
毛天料木主要价值
木材可供家具、农具及器具等用。