南蛇棒檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史

南蛇棒

原圖鏈接 來自植物智

中文學名:南蛇棒 拉丁學名:Amorphophallus dunnii Tutcher 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 Angiospermae 綱:單子葉植物綱 Monocotyledoneae 目:天南星目 Arales 科:天南星科 族:磨芋族 Trib. Pythonieae 屬:磨芋屬 Amorphophallus 分布區域:中國湖南、廣西、 廣東及沿海島嶼、雲南東南部

南蛇棒(nán shé bàng，學名：Amorphophallus dunnii），是單子葉植物綱天南星科魔芋屬的植物，是中國的特有植物。分布在中國大陸的廣西、雲南、湖南、廣東等地，生長於海拔220米至800米的地區，常生於林中，尚未由人工引種栽培。

南蛇棒形態特徵

塊莖扁球形，厚2-8厘米，直徑4.5-13厘米，頂部扁平，幾不下凹，密生分枝肉質根。鱗葉多數，線形，膜質，內面的長10厘米，寬1厘米。

葉柄長50-90厘米，粗1厘米，干時綠白色，飾以暗綠色小塊斑點。

原圖鏈接 來自植物智

葉片3全裂，裂片離基10厘米以上2次分叉，小裂片互生，基生小裂片橢圓形，長7-8厘米，寬31-4厘米，先端驟狹漸尖，基部楔形，一側稍下延；

原圖鏈接 來自植物智

原圖鏈接 來自植物智

原圖鏈接 來自植物智

頂生2個小裂片倒披針形或披針形，銳尖，基部楔形，一側下延，長14－18厘米，寬3-6厘米，表面綠色，背面淡綠色，其下兩小裂片外側極下延，下延部分聯合成長4厘米，寬2厘米的翅，側脈弧曲上升，集合脈距葉緣3-8毫米。

花序柄長23-60厘米，顏色同葉柄。佛焰苞綠色、淺綠白色，干時膜質，長卵形或橢圓形，長12-26厘米，寬14厘米，下部席捲，上部舟狀展開，內面基部紫色，余黃綠色。

肉穗花序短於佛焰苞，長8-19厘米，具短梗或否，雌花序長1.5-3厘米，粗1-3厘米，基部稍狹，雄花序長1.4-4.5厘米，粗1-3厘米；附屬器長圓錐形或紡錘形，綠色，黃白色，長4.5-14厘米，中下部粗1.5-6厘米，中部以上漸狹，先端鈍圓。

花葯無柄，圓柱形，長1毫米；子房倒卵形，長1-2.5毫米，先端漸狹為長0.3-0.5毫米的花柱，柱頭盤狀，微2-3-4一淺裂。

漿果藍色，種子黑色。花期3-4月，果7-8月成熟。

分類文獻

Amorphophallus dunnii Tutcher in Journ.. Bot. 49: 273. 1911. ——Amor- phophallus sp. Groff in Ling. Agr. Rev. 1 (2) : 59. 1923 (Specim. McClure H. 9507, field no. 2953) ; Merr. in Lingn. Sci. Journ. 5: 43. 1927. ——Alocasia sp. Groff l. c. p. p. , quoad specim. McClure H. 9348, field no. 2792.

Amorphophallus mellii Engler; A. odoratus Hetterscheid & H. Li.

Tuber dark brown, subglobose or depressed globose, to 10 cm high, to 12 cm in diam., developing numerous offsets annually, these shortly narrowly fusiform, 1-3 × ca. 1 cm. Leaf solitary; petiole green or grayish green with numerous elongate, confluent, pale green or brownish green spots, 30-60 × 1-1.5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade to ca. 100 cm in diam., rachises winged throughout; leaflets dark green adaxially, elliptic-lanceolate, 3-21 × 1.5-7 cm, acuminate. Inflorescence solitary, long pedunculate, producing a scent of fresh carrots; peduncle colored as petiole, 20-60 cm, 0.7-1.8 cm in diam. at base.

Spathe shortly convolute at base, outside bright pale green, basally with rounded white spots, these distally grading to whitish green, inside base or a larger patch reddish purple, remainder and limb as outside but paler, broadly ovate, strongly concave, 8.5-24 × 8.5-23 cm, base within ridged-verruculose, apex acute, overarching spadix. Spadix stipitate or rarely nearly sessile, slightly shorter than spathe, 8-20 cm; stipe colored as peduncle but much paler, 0.5-1.5 cm; female zone cylindric, distal part occasionally broadened, 0.5-2.5 × 1-2.2 cm, flowers congested; ovary pale green, depressed, angulate in cross section, 1-1.5 mm high, 2-3 mm in diam., 2- or 3-loculed, with 1 basal ovule per locule; style pale green, 0.5-1 × 0.8-1 mm; stigma yellowish, flattened, ca. 1 mm high, ca. 2 mm in diam., 2- or 3(or 4)-lobed, oval or triangular in cross section, scabrous-verrucate, lobes obtuse; male zone broadly fusiform, 1.8-3 × 1.3-3.5 cm, flowers congested; male flowers consisting of 4 or 5 stamens; stamens ca. 3 mm; filaments ca. 1.5 mm, basal 1/3 connate; anthers butterfly-shaped in cross section, ca. 1.5 × 1.5-1.8 mm; pores elongate, apical but near margin, sometimes connected by an eccentric groove; pollen striate; appendix ivory-white, narrowly to broadly conic, usually slightly dorsiventrally compressed, occasionally substipitate, variable, hollow, 3-14 cm, 1.3-4.5 cm in diam. near base, glabrous or entirely echinate or verruculose, or only distal 1/3 so, base constricted and sometimes grooved, apex subacute or obtuse. Infructescence: fruiting zone cylindric, ca. 12 × 5 cm. Berries crowded, shortly stalked, glossy dark blue, elongate, to ca. 1.8 × 1.5 cm.

● Guangdong, Guangxi.

H. Li (in FRPS 13(2): 92-95. 1979) treated Amorphophallus dunnii and A. mellii separately, but the descriptions indicate to Hetterscheid that they represent one variable species. The placement of A. mellii as well as A. odoratus in the synonymy of A. dunnii was explained by Hetterscheid (Blumea 46: 281. 2000).H. Li (in FRPS 13(2): 92-95. 1979) treated Amorphophallus dunnii and A. mellii separately, but the descriptions indicate to Hetterscheid that they represent one variable species. The placement of A. mellii as well as A. odoratus in the synonymy of A. dunnii was explained by Hetterscheid (Blumea 46: 281. 2000).

南蛇棒生長環境

生長於海拔220—800米的路旁疏林中或密林中。

南蛇棒分布範圍

產雲南東南部（金平、河口、綠春），我國廣西、廣東及沿海島嶼，湖南也有。

南蛇棒區別

南蛇棒 本種與滇磨芋A. yunnanensis 的區別為：本種肉穗花序長為佛焰苞長的3/4,附屬器長4.5-14厘米；滇磨芋肉穗花序為佛焰苞長的1/3-1/2，附屬器長僅3.8-5厘米，粗1.2-2.3厘米。