小漆树查看源代码讨论查看历史
| 小漆树 |
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中文学名:小漆树 拉丁学名:Toxicodendron delavayi (Franch.) F . A . Barkl. 界:动物界 门:被子植物门 纲:双子叶植物纲 目:无患子目 科:漆树科 属:漆属 种:小漆树 |
小漆树，学名 Toxicodendron delavayi (Franch.) F . A . Barkl.，漆树属植物，中药。小漆树是漆树科漆属下植物，主要分布在云南、四川（西南部）。
形态特征
小灌木，高0.5-2米；树皮灰褐色，具椭圆形突起小皮孔，幼枝紫色，常被白粉，无毛。奇数羽状复叶长达13厘米，有小叶2-4对，无毛；叶柄长3.5-5厘米；小叶对生，纸质，卵状披针形或披针形，较小，长3.5-5.5厘米，宽1.2-2.5厘米，先端急尖或渐尖，基部略偏斜，阔楔形或圆形，全缘或上半部具疏锯齿，两面无毛，叶背被白粉，侧脉12-16对，两面突起，小叶具短柄，长1-2毫米或近无柄。
花序总状，比叶短，长6-8.5厘米，无毛，总梗纤细，长4-5厘米；苞片披针形，长约1毫米；花小，淡黄色，径约2毫米；花梗长约1毫米；花萼无毛，裂片三角形，先端钝，长约0.8毫米，具1-3条褐色脉纹；花瓣长圆形，先端钝，长约2毫米，其褐色羽状脉；雄蕊长约1.5毫米，花丝钻形，与花药等长，花药长圆形，花盘10裂；子房卵圆形，径约1毫米，无毛。
核果斜卵形，略压扁，径约6毫米，无毛，具光泽，果核淡黄色，坚硬。
Toxicodendron delavayi (Franch.) F. A. Barkl. in Ann. Midl. Nat. 24: 680. 1940, in obs.; 云南植物志2: 405. 1979.——Rhus delavayi Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Franc. 33: 466. 1886, et Pl. Delav. 148. 1889, et in Not. Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 7: 262. 1912; Rehd. et Wils. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 2: 183. 1914; Band.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 636. 1933; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学645. 1937; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 636,图3001. 1972.
Shrubs, 0.5-2 m tall; branchlets purplish red, often glaucous, glabrous; buds glabrous or minutely pubescent. Petiole 3.5-5 cm; leaf blade imparipinnately compound, to 13 cm; leaflets 5-11, opposite; leaflet petiolule 1-2 mm; leaflet blade ovate-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 3.5-9 × 0.5-2.5 cm, papery, sparsely pubescent when newly formed to eventually glabrous on both surfaces, base ± oblique, broadly cuneate or rounded, margin entire to sparsely serrate distally, apex acute to acuminate, lateral veins 12-16 pairs, prominent on both surfaces. Inflorescence racemose, 6-8.5 cm, glabrous; peduncle slender, 4-5 cm; floral subtending bracts lanceolate, ca. 1 mm. Pedicel ca. 1 mm; flowers light yellow, ca. 2 mm in diam. Calyx glabrous, lobes triangular, ca. 0.8 mm, obtuse apically. Petals oblong, ca. 2 mm, with brown featherlike venation pattern. Stamens ca. 1.5 mm; filaments linear, equal to anthers in length; anthers oblong. Disk 10-lobed. Ovary ovoid, ca. 1 mm in diam., glabrous. Drupe oblique, slightly compressed, ca. 6 mm in diam., glabrous, lucid.
● Hill and mountain forests, thickets; 1100-2500 m. SW Sichuan, C and N Yunnan.
1 Leaflets 9-11 or more; buds and newly formed leaflets sparsely pubescent. 12c var. quinquejugum 多叶小漆树 + Leaflets 5-9; buds and leaflets glabrous (2)
2(1) Leaflets ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 3.5-5.5 × 1.2-2.5 cm, base slightly oblique. 12a var. delavayi 小漆树(原变种) + Leaflets narrowly lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 4-9 × 0.5-1.5 cm, base conspicuously oblique.
生长环境
生于海拔1100-2500米的阳坡林下或灌丛中。