檢視特林吉特人的原始碼

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|<center>'''特林吉特人'''<br><img src="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQJ3PTT-x0ciQR_GbsjkXJvvEw_3C8WTm5qkY_t9tQz1ffh_Dl0tMOK5bUYowG3X0gffZQ&usqp=CAU" width="250"></center><small>[https://www.gettyimages.hk/%E5%9C%96%E7%89%87/tlingit 圖片來自Getty Images]</small> 
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'''特林吉特人'''，（[[英語]]：'''Tlingit'''， [[IPA]]:ˈklɪŋkɨt 或 ˈtlɪŋɡɨt；也寫作 '''Tlinkit'''），或譯'''特林基特人'''，是[[北美洲]][[太平洋]][[西北海岸]][[原住民]]的一支<ref>[https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv1911628/ 北美洲的特林吉特人（klingit）]，哔哩哔哩BiliBili，2019-01-22</ref> <ref>[https://www.gettyimages.hk/%E5%9C%96%E7%89%87/tlingit 742 Tlingit Photos and Premium High Res Pictures]，Getty Images</ref> <ref>Pritzker, 162</ref>。

==簡介==
特林吉特人，是生活在[[阿拉斯加]]的[[原住民]]，屬於[[印第安人]]。

特林吉特人、[[海達人]]、[[欽西安人]]和[[埃雅克人]]已居住在阿拉斯加東南部超過一萬年。過去的特林吉特人主要以漁、獵為生。操[[阿塔巴斯卡語]]([[Athabascan]])系的[[特林吉特語]]。有著極高的[[編織]]和[[雕刻]]技術。 

* 分佈地區:[[美國]][[阿拉斯加州]]，與[[加拿大]][[英屬哥倫比亞省]]、育空地區。
* 總人口:15,200，（14,000在美國，1,200在加拿大）。
* 語言:英語、[[特林吉特語]]。
* 宗教信仰:[[基督教]]（其中以[[東正教]]為主），及其他。

早在16[[世紀]][[俄國]]就開始了向阿拉斯加的擴張，當時的特林吉特人就是身披這種[[鎧甲]]與[[俄國人]]對抗的。 特林吉特人對圖形的概括能力極強，他們設計的圖案誇張但又形象突出，富有動感，設計感十分強。 

他們自稱為 '''Lingít'''（[[IPA]]:-all ɬɪŋkɪ́t）<ref name=lingit>[http://www.tlingitlanguage.org/ "Lingít Yoo X'atángi: The Tlingit Language."]''Sealaska Heritage Institute.'' (retrieved 3 December 2009)</ref>，其意思是“[[潮汐]]之人<ref name=p208>Pritzker, 208 "People of the Tides"</ref>。

特林吉特人的[[俄語]]名稱“Колоши”（來自Sugpiaq-Alutiiq語“kulut'ruaq”，指的是女人們用的唇飾）和[[德語]]名稱“Koulischen”[[歷史]]上也曾用到，例如[[格里戈里·切利科夫]]1796年繪製的[[俄屬北美]]地圖上就曾出現這些名字<ref>[[Grigory Shelikhov|Shelikhov, Gregorii Ivanovich]] and Richard A. Pierce. ''A Voyage to America 1783–1786.'' Kingston: Limestone Press, 1981.</ref>。

特林吉特人是在[[阿拉斯加]]東南部的[[溫帶雨林]]中發展出來的[[母系氏族]]<ref name=p210>Pritzker, 210</ref>。他們採取以[[漁業]]為主的半定居式的生活，并結合[[狩獵採集]]為生<ref>Moss, 27</ref>。

內陸地區的特林吉特人稱作“內陸特林吉特人”（Inland Tlingit），他們生活在[[卑詩省]]西北部和[[育空地區]]南部。

==延伸閱讀==
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=NVZIsfj6D6EC&pg=PP1&dq=%22The+Tlingit+Indians%22+Emmons ''The Tlingit Indians''] , [[George Thornton Emmons]] (Contributors Frederica De Laguna &Jean Low), University of Washington Press, 1991, ISBN 0295970081, 9780295970080, 488 pp.
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=4PZdGWM0EBQC&pg=PP1&dq=%22The+Tlingit+Indians+in+Russian+America,+1741-1867:%22+Grinev  ''The Tlingit Indians in Russian America, 1741-1867: 1741-1867''] , [[Andrei Val'terovich Grinev]], Richard L. Bland, Katerina G. Solovjova, Translated by Richard L. Bland, Katerina G. Solovjova, Contributor Richard L. Bland, Katerina G. Solovjova, U. of Nebraska Press, 2005, ISBN 0803222149, 9780803222144, 386 pp.

==外部連結==
*[http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANCR/Southeast/TlingitMap/ Map and list of Tlingit Kwaans and territories] 
*[http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANCR/Southeast/TlingitMap/ Tlingit Language and Culture Resources, Alaska Native Knowledge Network] 
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080330034434/http://anashinteractive.com/ Anash Interactive]—An online destination where users create comics, write stories, watch webisodes, download podcasts, play games, read stories and comics by other members, and find out about the Tlingit people of Canada.
*[http://www.canadiana.org/ECO/mtq?doc=15538 ''Tlingit Myths and Texts''], [[John R. Swanton]], ''Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 39'', 1909
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081103104049/http://www.ccthita.org/ Central Council Tlingit Haida Indian Tribes of Alaska]

==注釋==
{{reflist}}

==參考文獻==
* de Laguna, Fredericæ. "Tlingit." Suttles, Wayne, ed. ''[[Handbook of North American Indians]], Vol. 7: Northwest Coast.'' Washington, D.C.: [[Smithsonian Institution]], 1990: 203-28. ISBN 0-87474-187-4.
* Boyd, Robert Thomas. [http://books.google.com/books?id=P_FdUPbmwCgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22spirit+of+pestilence%22&ei=sWgQS8bGAqOykAT1pOXcCw#v=onepage&q=&f=false The Coming of the Spirit of Pestilence: Introduced Infectious Diseases and Population Decline among Northwest Coast Indians, 1774-1874.] Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1999. ISBN 978-0-295-97837-6.
* Moss, Madonna. [http://books.google.com/books/about/Northwest_Coast.html?id=BFCYuAAACAAJ ''Northwest Coast: Archaeology as Deep History''.]  Washington, D.C.: [[Society for American Archaeology]], 2011.
* Pritzker, Barry M. ''A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000: 286-7. ISBN 978-0-19-513877-1.
* Kan, Sergei. [http://books.google.com/books?id=zQAa1thUUh8C&lpg=PA42&dq=Tlingit%20elders%20christianity&client=firefox-a&pg=PA42#v=onepage&q=&f=false "Shamanism and Christianity: Modern-Day Tlingit Elders Look at the Past."]  Klass, Morton and Maxine Wiesgrau, eds. ''Across The Boundaries Of Belief: Contemporary Issues In The Anthropology Of Religion.'' Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1999. ISBN 978-0-8133-2695-5.
[[Category:加拿大人]]