檢視墨水柳的原始碼

'''墨水柳'''

本词条由“[[科普中国]]”科学百科词条编写与应用工作项目 审核 。

水柳（[[Homonoia riparia Lour.]]）为常绿小灌木，高1～3米。幼枝具棱，被短柔毛。单叶互生，线状长圆形或狭披针形，长8～20厘米，宽12～25毫米，先端渐尖，基部宽楔形，全缘，上面无毛或被疏柔毛，下面在叶脉上略被毛，以中脉较密，叶脉间密被鳞枇；叶柄长5～11毫米，被短柔毛。
[[File:墨水柳1.jpg|缩略图|左|墨水柳[https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=undefined&tn=baiduimagedetail&ipn=d&word=%E5%A2%A8%E6%B0%B4%E6%9F%B3%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87&step_word=&ie=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&cs=3044439249,3359519901&os=1490913189,1622100171&simid=0,0&pn=0&rn=1&di=35200&ln=606&fr=&fmq=1596939976413_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&is=0,0&istype=0&ist=&jit=&bdtype=0&spn=0&pi=0&gsm=0&hs=2&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fthumbs.dreamstime.com%2Fb%2F%25E5%25AF%25BC%25E8%2588%25AA%25E7%25AB%25B9%25E5%25AD%2590%25E5%2592%258C%25E8%25A4%25AA%25E8%2589%25B2%25E6%259F%25B3%25EF%25BC%258C%25E6%2589%258B%25E6%258B%2589%25E7%259A%2584%25E5%25A2%25A8-sumi-e-79769182.jpg&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&adpicid=0&force=undefined 原图连接][https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=undefined&tn=baiduimagedetail&ipn=d&word=%E5%A2%A8%E6%B0%B4%E6%9F%B3%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87&step_word=&ie=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&cs=3044439249,3359519901&os=1490913189,1622100171&simid=0,0&pn=0&rn=1&di=35200&ln=606&fr=&fmq=1596939976413_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&is=0,0&istype=0&ist=&jit=&bdtype=0&spn=0&pi=0&gsm=0&hs=2&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fthumbs.dreamstime.com%2Fb%2F%25E5%25AF%25BC%25E8%2588%25AA%25E7%25AB%25B9%25E5%25AD%2590%25E5%2592%258C%25E8%25A4%25AA%25E8%2589%25B2%25E6%259F%25B3%25EF%25BC%258C%25E6%2589%258B%25E6%258B%2589%25E7%259A%2584%25E5%25A2%25A8-sumi-e-79769182.jpg&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&adpicid=0&force=undefined 图片来源百度网]]]
花小，雌雄异株，无花瓣，穗状花序腋生，长5～10厘米。雄花萼片3，长圆形或倒卵形，雄蕊极多数，花丝分枝；雌花萼片5，卵状披针形，外被短柔毛；子房近球形，密被紧贴的灰色柔毛，3室，每室1胚珠；花柱3，不分裂，内面具绒毛状突起。

蒴果扁桃形，密被褐色柔毛。种子近卵形。花期1～5月。生于河旁沙地、溪边的石缝中或山坡灌丛中。分布[[云南]]、[[广西]]、[[广东]]、[[台湾]]等地。

==形态特征==

灌木，高1-3米；小枝具棱，被柔毛。叶纸质，互生，线状长圆形或狭披针形，长6-20厘米，宽1.2-2.5厘米，顶端渐尖，具尖头，基部急狭或钝，全缘或具疏生腺齿，上面疏生柔毛或无毛，下面密生鳞片和柔毛；侧脉9-16对，网脉略明显；叶柄长5-15毫米；托叶钻状，长5-8毫米，脱落。

雌雄异株，花序腋生，长5-10厘米；苞片近卵形，长1.5-2毫米，小苞片2枚，三角形，长约1毫米，花单生于苞腋；雄花：花萼裂片3枚，长3-4毫米，被短柔毛，雄蕊众多，花丝合生成约10个雄蕊束，花药小，药室几分离；花梗长0.2毫米；雌花：萼片5枚，长圆形，顶端渐尖，长1-2毫米，被短柔毛；子房球形，密被紧贴的柔毛，花柱3枚，长4-7毫米，基部合生，柱头密生羽毛状突起。

蒴果近球形。直径3-4毫米，被灰色短柔毛；种子近卵状，长约2毫米，外种皮肉质，干后淡黄色，具皱纹。花期3-5月，果期4-7月。
[[File:墨水柳2.jpg|缩略图|墨水柳[https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=undefined&tn=baiduimagedetail&ipn=d&word=%E5%A2%A8%E6%B0%B4%E6%9F%B3%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87&step_word=&ie=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&cs=3484540412,3782362004&os=2888464615,745719770&simid=4106221637,528719612&pn=17&rn=1&di=63360&ln=606&fr=&fmq=1596939976413_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&is=0,0&istype=0&ist=&jit=&bdtype=0&spn=0&pi=0&gsm=0&hs=2&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fthumbs.dreamstime.com%2Fb%2F%25E6%259D%25A8%25E6%259F%25B3%25E9%2580%259F%25E5%2586%2599%25E7%259A%2584%25E5%2589%25AA%25E5%25BD%25B1%25E3%2580%2582-%25E5%259B%25BE%25E4%25BE%258B%25E8%25A7%25A3%25E9%2587%258A%25E8%2580%2585-compatible-technical%25E4%25BF%25A1%25E6%2581%25AF%25EF%25BC%259A%25E5%25BD%25A9%25E8%2589%25B2%25E7%25A9%25BA-%25EF%25BC%259A-cmyklayers-%25EF%25BC%259A-%25E6%25A0%2591%25E5%25B9%25B2%25EF%25BC%258C%25E4%25B8%258A%25E9%2583%25A8%25E6%25A0%2591%25E6%259E%259D%25EF%25BC%258C%25E8%258D%2589%25EF%25BC%258C-30036638.jpg&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&adpicid=0&force=undefined 原图连接][https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=undefined&tn=baiduimagedetail&ipn=d&word=%E5%A2%A8%E6%B0%B4%E6%9F%B3%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87&step_word=&ie=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&cs=3484540412,3782362004&os=2888464615,745719770&simid=4106221637,528719612&pn=17&rn=1&di=63360&ln=606&fr=&fmq=1596939976413_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&is=0,0&istype=0&ist=&jit=&bdtype=0&spn=0&pi=0&gsm=0&hs=2&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fthumbs.dreamstime.com%2Fb%2F%25E6%259D%25A8%25E6%259F%25B3%25E9%2580%259F%25E5%2586%2599%25E7%259A%2584%25E5%2589%25AA%25E5%25BD%25B1%25E3%2580%2582-%25E5%259B%25BE%25E4%25BE%258B%25E8%25A7%25A3%25E9%2587%258A%25E8%2580%2585-compatible-technical%25E4%25BF%25A1%25E6%2581%25AF%25EF%25BC%259A%25E5%25BD%25A9%25E8%2589%25B2%25E7%25A9%25BA-%25EF%25BC%259A-cmyklayers-%25EF%25BC%259A-%25E6%25A0%2591%25E5%25B9%25B2%25EF%25BC%258C%25E4%25B8%258A%25E9%2583%25A8%25E6%25A0%2591%25E6%259E%259D%25EF%25BC%258C%25E8%258D%2589%25EF%25BC%258C-30036638.jpg&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&adpicid=0&force=undefined 图片来源百度网]]]

==识别特征==

乔木，树冠开展而疏散；枝细淡黄色下垂；叶狭披针形，互生。易识别。耐水湿，也能生于干旱处  。<ref>[钱栎屾，邱燕宁编著；沈显生主审,中国科学技术大学校园植物图鉴,中国科学技术大学出版社,2016.03,第13页]</ref> 

==生长环境==

水柳是趋流水植物，生于海拔20-1000米河流两岸冲积地或沙砾滩或河岸灌木林中或溪流两岸石隙。

==分布范围==

产于[[台湾]]、[[海南]]、[[广西南部]]和[[西部]]、[[贵州南盘江沿岸]]、[[云南东南部至西南部]]、[[四川雅砻江下游]]和[[金沙江沿岸]]。[[印度]]、[[缅甸]]、[[泰国]]、[[老挝]]、[[越南]]、[[马来西亚]]、[[印度尼西亚[[菲律宾]]等国也有分布。模式标本采自[[越南]]。

==用途==

种子可榨取脂肪油，供工业用。木材灰褐色，硬度中平，质稍致密，可作薪材及造纸原料  。<ref>[贵州省野生植物普查办公室编,贵州经济植物图说 第六册,贵州人民出版社,1960年12月第1版,第16页]</ref> 

①株形优美，可植于路边、水岸边或庭园中观赏；②木材可作家具；③自枝条可用于编织；④树皮可提制栲胶   。<ref>[李强，徐晔春著,湿地植物,南方日报出版社,2010.01,第176页]</ref> 

==参考文献==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:370 植物學總論]]