檢視卵叶胡椒的原始碼


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中文名:卵叶胡椒

拉丁学名:Piper 

attenuatum Buch.-Ham. 

ex Miq.

界:植物界

门:被子植物门

纲:双子叶植物纲

亚 纲:原始花被亚纲

目:胡椒目

科:[[胡椒科]]

属:[[胡椒属]]

亚 属:胡椒亚属

组:胡椒组

种:卵叶胡椒

分布区域:[[云南]]西部（[[盈江]]、

[[漾鼻]]）。[[锡金]]、

[[不丹]]、[[印度]]

拼 音:luǎn yè hú jiāo

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'''卵叶胡椒'''(luǎn yè hú jiāo，学名 '''Piper attenuatum''' Buch.-Ham. ex. Miq.)，是[[胡椒科]]、[[胡椒属]]藤本，茎纤细，具细的纵沟纹，无毛。叶薄纸质，有腺点，阔卵形或卵圆形。花单性，雌雄异株，聚集成与叶对生的穗状花序。总花梗短，长5-8毫米，无毛；花序轴仅在子房着生处的浅穴周围被疏毛；子房卵形，离生，浆果球形，干时变黑色，产于中国[[云南]]西部（[[盈江]]、[[漾鼻]]）。
<ref>[http://www.iplant.cn/info/%C2%D1%D2%B6%BA%FA%BD%B7 卵叶胡椒], 植物智, 2020-01-18</ref>

==卵叶胡椒形态特征==
[[File:卵叶胡椒2.jpg|缩略图|左|200px|[https://www.cvh.ac.cn/cvhpic/spm-l/HITBC/004117.jpg 原图链接] [https://www.cvh.ac.cn/spms/detail.php?id=e9d88d0e 来自植物标本馆]]]

攀援藤本；枝干时具明显的纵棱和沟纹，无毛。叶膜质，有腺点，卵状圆形、阔卵形或卵形，长8-11厘米，宽5-8厘米，顶端骤然紧缩具短尖头；

[[File:卵叶胡椒3.jpg|缩略图|左|200px|[https://www.cvh.ac.cn/cvhpic/spm-l/HITBC/004116.jpg 原图链接] [https://www.cvh.ac.cn/spms/detail.php?id=e9d88daf 来自植物标本馆]]]

基部通常截平，有时钝圆或浅心形，枝端的稀有近短狭，两侧相等，腹面无毛，背面疏被微硬毛，脉上尤著；

叶脉7-9条，基出或近基出，最上1对有时离基约5毫米从中脉发出，并达叶片顶部，如为9脉时，则最外1对极柔弱或不明显；叶柄长3-3.5厘米，下部叶柄更长，被疏微硬毛；叶鞘短，长3-7毫米。

花单性，雌雄异株，聚集成与叶对生的穗状花序。雄花序长8-14厘米，纤细，密花；苞片与雌花序的相同，但较小，长约2毫米，宽0.6-1毫米；雄蕊2-4枚，花药卵形，与花丝近等长。

雌花序长7-9厘米，于果期延长可达18厘米；总花梗短，长5-8毫米，无毛；苞片长圆形，两端均钝，腹面贴生于花序轴上，仅边缘和顶部分离，呈浅杯状，长约3毫米，于果期延长达4毫米，宽约1毫米，无毛；

花序轴仅在子房着生处的浅穴周围被疏毛；子房卵形，离生，柱头4-5，线形。浆果球形，干时变黑色，无毛，直径约3.5毫米。花期10-12月。 

==分类文献==
Piper attenuatum Buch.-Ham. ex Miq. Syst. Pip. 306. 1843; Wight, Ic.Pl. Ind. Or. t. 1933. 1858; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1 (2) : 451. 1859; C. DC. in DC Prodr. 16: 363. 1868; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 92. 1886; C. DC. in Candollea 1: 291. 1923; Tseng in Acta Phytotax. Sinica 17 (1) : 26. 1979.

Climbers. Stems obviously ridged and furrowed when dry, glabrous. Petiole 3-3.5 cm, shortest on leaves toward apex of stem, sparsely hispidulous; prophyll 3-7 mm; leaf blade ovate-orbicular or ovate, 8-11 × 5-8 cm, membranous, glandular, abaxially sparsely hispidulous, especially on veins, adaxially glabrous, base rounded to subcordate, usually truncate, rarely shortly tapered on apical leaves, symmetric or slightly oblique, apex cuspidate or mucronate; veins 7(-9), apical pair arising 0-5 mm above base, reaching leaf apex, others basal. Flowers monoecious. Spikes leaf-opposed.

Male spikes 8-14 cm, slender; bracts oblong-obovate, apex rounded, ca. 2 × 0.6-1 mm, adnate to rachis, margin free, apex ± rounded. Stamens 2-4; filaments nearly as short as anthers; anthers ovoid. Female spikes 7-9 cm, to 18 cm in fruit; peduncle 5-8 mm; rachis sparsely hairy around ovaries; bracts shallowly cupular, ca. 3 × 1 mm, to 4 mm in fruit, glabrous. 

Ovary ovoid, distinct; stigmas 4 or 5, linear. Drupe drying black, ovoid to globose, ca. 3.5 mm in diam. Fl. Oct-Dec.

Wet places within forests. W Yunnan [Bhutan, India]

Some recent authors have combined this species with Piper bantamense Blume, from Indonesia (Java). However, that species differs from P. attenuatum as follows: petiols shorter, 1-1.8 cm, sheath more than 2/3 as long as petiole; leaf blade usually elliptic, sometimes ovate, 5-7-veined, apical pair of veins usually arising ca. 1 cm above base, base obtuse or broadly cuneate, apex acute to acuminate; peduncle about as long as or longer than petiole.<ref>[https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenatural&vid=17477702495481468304 卵叶胡椒长这样_好看视频 - 秒懂百科] 视频时长 00:44 2019年8月30日 - 原来卵叶胡椒长这样,本视频由秒懂百科提供,0次播放,有0人点赞,0人对此视频发表评论,好看视频是由百度团队打造的... </ref>

==卵叶胡椒生长环境==
生长于林中沟边湿地，攀援于树上。 <ref>[http://www.iplant.cn/info/Piper%20attenuatum?t=foc 卵叶胡椒 Piper attenuatum] 叶: 托叶长3-7毫米;叶膜质,具腺点,卵圆形、宽卵形或卵形,长8-11厘米,先端骤短尖,基部常平截,有时钝圆或浅心形,两侧相等或稍偏斜,上面无毛,下面疏被微... </ref>
==卵叶胡椒分布范围==
产于中国[[云南]]西部（[[盈江]]、[[漾鼻]]）。[[锡金]]、[[不丹]]、[[印度]]、[[印度尼西亚]]也有。 <ref>[http://www.iplant.cn/info/Piper%20attenuatum?t=foc 《中国植物志》 第20(1)卷 (1982) >> 025页 PDF >> 卵叶胡椒 Piper attenuatum] </ref>

==辨析==
本种与Piper bantamense Blume很近似，最近有的作者将本种并人其中，但是该种的叶通常椭圆形，间有卵形，顶端短尖至渐尖，基部钝圆或阔楔形，5-7脉，最上1对叶脉常离基1厘米以上从中脉发出；叶柄较短，长1-1.8厘米，叶鞘长为叶柄的2/3以上，总花梗与叶柄等长或长于叶柄。根据以上这些差异，笔者认为还是分别列为两个种为宜。

== 参考来源 ==
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[[Category:370 植物學總論]]