檢視俚语的原始碼

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<small>[https://kuaibao.qq.com/s/20200228A0IF2O00?refer=spider 来自 快报 的图片]</small>
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'''中文名：'''俚语

'''外文名：'''slang

'''拼  音：'''lǐ yǔ

'''注  音：'''ㄌㄧˇ ㄩˇ

'''亦  称：'''里语、俚言、方言

'''定  义：'''民间非正式、较口语的词句

'''出  处：'''[[新五代史]]•卷三十二•死节传•[[王彦章]]传
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'''俚语'''，拼音是lǐ yǔ，是指民间非正式、较[[口语]]的语句，是百姓在日常生活中总结出来的通俗易懂顺口的具有地方色彩的词语。地域性强，较生活化。俚语是一种非正式的语言，通常用在非正式的场合。有时俚语用以表达新鲜事物，或对旧事物赋以新的说法。

《新五代史•卷三十二•死节传•王彦章传》中记载，“彦章武人不知书，常为俚语谓人曰：豹死留皮，人死留名！”

俚语亦作里语、俚言。外语中俚语：[[slang]]; [[slang expression]] 指的是粗俗的口语，常带有方言性。

==特点编辑==

大多数[[亚文化]]群喜欢从其常接触的语言吸取词汇，赋予新义，有些则借自外语，很少自行构词的。因之俚语的形成，一如其他词汇的变形、换义，采用隐喻、明喻、民间词源、语音改变、语义扩大、缩小语义、[[截短法]]、[[缩略词]]、褒义化、贬义化、转喻、提喻、夸张、外来语及为防[[禁忌]]而使用委婉（特殊）说法等。

每一种俚语都有其自身的历史和流行的原因，时过境迁，或改变其义，或转为标准语，或继续用于某些飞地。某些俚语去掉其富于刺激性的色彩之后，亦为人们所接受。俚语的流通率无疑因新闻宣传而不胫而走。有些俚语引进新概念，有些则提供新的表达方式，新颖、辛辣甚至耸人听闻。扭转语音、颠倒字母顺序而成黑话，或以音、形并用组成韵语。但大多数俚语以形象的谬误为其基础，常以新词用于现成的概念。最有效的俚语往往一语概括所指之物、用物之人及其社会背景。

俚语已成为[[幽默大师]]及[[新闻记者]]所必需的工具，运用得当，可使语言别开生面，推陈出新。[[语言学家]]及其他社会科学家因俚语可以反映文化概况而详加研究。

==英语俚语编辑==

===简介===

[[英语俚语]]是一种非正式的语言，通常用在非正式的场合，所以在用这些俚语是一定要考虑到所用的场合和对象，最好不要随意用这些俚语。俚语因为是不正式语言，所以翻译成中文时不能够直接按字面意思翻译，不然句子翻译出来意思会很好笑。

===解释===

俚语就是[[美国人]]或[[英国人]]生活里常用的语言，和大家学校里学的英语很不一样。其实中文里也有很多俚语如：哇塞、当了、不靠谱、绝倒、纯爷们儿，这类的语言都是学校里不会教的，因为他们不够正式。

俚语是学校里不教的“非正式”语言。

俚语可以让说话变得更“生动”更“流利”。俚语比喻一般比较“夸张”，所以很适合用来表达自己的心情和想法。

俚语因为比较夸张，可以让你的语言变得更“生动”、“流利”。

==各国常用俚语编辑==

===常见美国俚语===

====美国口语俚语（1）====

1. clock in 打卡 Don't forget to clock in,otherwise you won't get paid. 别忘了打卡，否则领不到钱。

2. come on to 对...轻薄；吃豆腐 Tanya slapped Bill after he came on to her. Tanya在Bill对她轻薄之后打了他一巴掌。

3. come easily 易如反掌 Languages come easily to some people. 语言学习对有些人来说易如反掌。

4. don't have a cow别大惊小怪 Don't have a cow! I'll pay for the damages. 别大惊小怪的！我会赔偿损失的。 5.push around 欺骗 Don't try to push me around! 别想耍我！

====美国口语俚语（2）====

1. keep one's shirt on保持冷静 Keep your shirt on. He didn't mean to offend you. That's just the way he talks. 保持冷静。那只是他说话的惯常方式，他并非有意要冒犯你。

2. cool it冷静一点 Cool it. You are making me mad. 冷静一点。你快把我逼疯了。

3. joy ride兜风 Let's go for a joy ride. 让我们去兜兜风。

4. rap说唱乐 Do you like rap music? I have trouble understanding the words. 你喜欢说唱音乐吗？我听不太懂其中的歌词。

5. red-letter day大日子 This is a red-letter day for Susan. She made her first sale to a very important client. 今天是susan的大日子。她和一个非常重要的客户做成了第一笔生意。

====美国口语俚语（3）====

1. go up in smoke成为泡影 Peter’s vacation plans went up in smoke when a crisis arose in the office. 办公室出了问题，peter的假期泡汤了。

2. hit the road上路 We should probably hit the road. It’s going to take us two hours to get home. 我们可能该上路了吧？到家的两个小时呢！

3. shape up You’d better shape up if you want to stay on. 如果你还想留下来的话最好乖一点儿。

4. scare the shit out of someone吓死某人了 Don’t sneak up behind me like that. You scared the shit out of me. 不要那样从后面突然吓我。你吓死我了。

5. pull strings运用关系 （源于“拉木偶的线”） He pulled some strings and managed to get us front row seats for the concert. 他运用关系替我们拿到音乐会前排的位子。

====美国口语俚语（4）====

1. come again 再说一遍 Come again? I didn't quite understand what you said. 再说一遍好吗？你刚说的话我不明白。

2. come clean 全盘托出，招供 The criminal decided to come clean. 罪犯决定供出事实。

3. spring for 请客 Let me spring for dinner. 我来请客吃饭吧。

4. spill the beans 泄漏秘密 Don't spill the beans. It's supposed to be a secret. 别说漏了嘴，这是个秘密！

5. stick in the mud 保守的人 Cathy is such a stick in the mud. She never wants to try anything new. Cathy真保守，她从不想尝试新事物。

====美国口语俚语（5）====

1. john厕所 I have to go to the john. Wait for me in the car. 我要去厕所。在车里等我一下。

2. keep in line管束 He needs to be kept in line. He's too wild. 他太野了，要好好管束一下。

3. jump the gun草率行事 Don't jump the gun. We have to be patient for a while. 不要草率行事。我们应该耐心等一会儿。

4. jump to conclusion妄下结论 Don't jump to conclusion. We have to figure it out first. 不要妄下结论，先把事情搞清楚。

5. lemon次 This car is a real lemon. It has broken down four times. 这辆车真次，已经坏了四次了！

====美国口语俚语（6）====

1. fishy 可疑的 His story sounds fishy. We should see if it's really true. 他的故事听起来可疑。我们应该看看到底是不是真的。

2. flip out 乐死了 Chris flipped out when I told him that we won the game. 我告诉克里斯我们赢了比赛时，他乐歪了。

3. fix someone up 撮合某人 I think Xixi and Macaulay would make a perfect couple. Let's fix them up.

4. take a shine to 有好感 He really likes you. There are very few people he takes a shine to right away. 他真的喜欢你。他很少对人一见面就有好感的。

5. third wheel 累赘，电灯泡 You two go on ahead. I don't want to be a third wheel. 你们两个去好了，我不想当电灯泡。

====美国口语俚语（7）====

1. ripoff 骗人的东西 What a ripoff! The new car I bought doesn't work! 真是个骗人货！我买的新车启动不了！

2. rock the boat 找麻烦 Don't rock the boat! Things are fine just the way they are. 别找麻烦了，事情这样就够好了。

3. blow it 搞砸了，弄坏了 I blew it on that last exam. 我上次考试靠砸了。

4. in hot water 有麻烦 He is in hot water with his girlfriend recently. 近段时间他跟女友的关系有点僵。

5. put one's foot in one's mouth 祸从口出 Wally is always saying such stupid thing. He has a real talent for putting his foot in his mouth. 沃力尽说这种蠢话。他真有惹是生非的本事。

====美国口语俚语（8）====

1. flop （表演、电影等）不卖座，失败 The movie was a flop. Nobody went to see it. 这部电影卖座率奇低，没有人去看。

2. drop in/by/over 随时造访 Feel free to drop in anytime. I'm usually home and I'd love the company. 欢迎随时来坐坐。我通常在家，也喜欢游人做伴。

3. drop a line 写信 Drop me a line! 给我写信！

4. duck 躲闪，突然低下头 Remind little Bobby to duck his head when he crawls under the table so he won't hit his head. 提醒小波比爬到桌下时要低头才不会受伤。

5. go with the flow 随从大家的意见 Sharon is an easy-going person. She just goes with the flow. 沙伦是个随和的人。人家怎么说，她就怎么做。

===常见中国俚语===

半熟脸儿：有些面熟。

棒棰：外行。

不老少：表示多。

打这儿：从此之后。

打住：到此为止，别再说了。

倒（二声）气儿，闹气儿：喘气。

兜圈子，绕弯子：有话不直说，顾左右而言他，兜起圈子来。

cei（四声）： 摔碎。

该干嘛干嘛去,哪儿凉快哪儿呆会儿：对比较讨厌的人，想说滚蛋，语气稍轻。

硌你脚了，耽误你脚落(lao)地了：别人无意踩着你而没有表示歉意, 讽刺的说法。

见天儿，渐天儿：天天。

说难听点儿，……：从坏的方面看此事，给个铺垫。

犄角旮旯儿：旮旯，角落。

死心眼儿，死心眼子：实心，老实。

碍眼：防碍别人。

挑眼了，挑理儿：挑理，怨别人办事不合规矩。

再说吧：指不了了之吧。

走嘴，说突了嘴了：本来不想说，没留神说出来了。

嘴皮子：说话的功夫。

逗闷子，逗乐儿：开玩笑。

菜了：了的加重词。

遛弯儿，溜达：散步。

齁（hou一声）：用于吃到嘴里的时的味道。很的意思，有时也指过甜或过咸的.

倍儿，特：特别、非常的意思。

多新鲜呢：这事儿有什么值得奇怪的呢？

撂挑子：扔下事情不管了。

下套儿：下圈套的意思。

玩幺蛾子：耍花招儿的意思。

搓：吃的意思。

露怯：丢脸的意思。

大概齐：差不多的意思。

得，齐活：行了，好了的意思。有时也做语气重词。

涮：骗，耍的意思。

逗闷子：寻开心。

跟：在，多用在“哪儿”“那儿”之前。

歇：休息，完。

瞎，抓瞎，没戏：不行。

个色：形容人的性格不好相处。

起腻：男女之间亲热的样子。

套磁：套近乎。

哥们儿，姐们儿，爷们儿：亲近的称呼，有时代指“那个人”。

甭，甭介：不用。

逗：可笑，有趣。

成心：存心，故意。

鞋倍儿：鞋子的意思。

找抽：找打。

牛：非常厉害的意思，带有贬意。

门儿清：麻将术语演变而来，意为明白，清楚。

忒：特别，非常。

傻冒儿：傻，也代指傻子。

事儿：麻烦，罗嗦的意思。

味儿：味道大。

大法了：厉害了。

能个儿：厉害，长本事。

今儿，明儿，后儿，昨儿，前儿：指今天，明天，后天，昨天，前天 ，有时也在 后面加一“个”字。

打奔儿：奔儿是吻的意思，打奔儿指接吻。

踮儿，撒丫子：跑，有逃的意思。

杵（三声），戳：站在那里，呆在那里的意思。

贫嘴：油嘴滑舌。

回头：有机会。

蔫儿坏：表面上没什么，心里特别坏。

===常见英国俚语===

====【打招呼、感谢】====

Alright? – Hello. How are you? 你好

Hiya, Aye up – These informal greetings both mean Hello and are especially popular in the north of England. The aye is pronounced like the letter A.这两种非正式的打招呼用法，都是"你好"的意思，在[[英格兰]]北部非常流行。其中"aye"发音与字母"A"同。

Howay – Let's go or Come on. 走吧

Ta – Thank you 谢谢

Cheers – This is usually said as a toast when you raise your glasses to celebrate, but it also means Thank you.这个词通常在举杯祝酒的时候说，但也可以表示谢谢。

====【人的称呼】====

Bairn – Baby or young child 小孩子

Lad – Boy 男孩

Lass, Lassie – Girl 女孩

Bloke, Chap – Man 男人

Mate, Pal – Friend 朋友、伙计

Our kid – My brother or my sister 我的兄弟或姐妹

Don't be confused if someone calls you pet, duck, sweetie, love, chicken, chuck, chucky-egg or sunshine. People in the UK often use these terms when they are addressing other people as a sign of friendliness and affection. It is usually not appropriatefor younger people to use these terms with older people, however.如果有人叫你pet、duck、sweetie、love、chicken、chuck、chucky-egg或sunshine，不要觉得奇怪，英国人喜欢用这些昵称来表达友好和喜爱之情。不过年轻人这样称呼长辈就有些不妥。

====【社交、约会】====

Do – Party. You would go to a do if you were going to a party in the UK.派对、聚会。在英国，参加派对就是"go to a do"。

BYOB – Bring your own bottle. In the UK, it is common for the party host to ask guests to bring their own drinks. You might see BYOB written on the invitation.自带酒水。在英国，派对的组织者通常会让客人自带酒水，你可能在请帖上看到BYOB这个词。

Cuppa – Cup of tea 一杯茶

Pissed – Americans may think this means upset. But in the UK it is the equivalent of being drunk.美国人可能认为这个词表示心烦不高兴，但在英国这个词是喝醉了的意思。

E.g., "Is he pissed?"他是不是喝醉了？

Fancy – To find someone attractive 觉得某人迷人

E.g., "He just smiled. I think he fancies you!"他刚笑了。我觉得他喜欢你。

Ask out – To ask someone if they want to go on a date 邀请某人外出约会

E.g., "He asked me out! We're going to the cinema this Friday."
他约我了！我们周五要去看电影。

Chat up – To flirt with someone 和某人调情

E.g., "He was chatting me up at the party."派对上他一直在跟我搭讪。

Snog – To kiss passionately 热吻

E.g., "My dad and mum were snogging at their anniversary party. I didn't know where to look."爸妈在结婚周年纪念上热吻，我都不知道该往哪儿看了。

Chin-wag – Talk or gossip with friends 和朋友闲聊、八卦

E.g., "Fancy a chin-wag?"想聊聊吗？

====【金钱】====

Quid – Equal to ￡1. The word doesn't change in the plural, so ￡50 is fifty quid.一英镑。这个词没有复数形式，所以50英镑就是fifty quid。

Skint, Broke – Poor or lacking money 很穷、没钱

E.g. "I can't come to the restaurant as I'm skint this week."我不能下馆子，本周是穷光蛋一个。
Minted, Rolling in it – Rich 有钱

E.g. "It was my birthday last week and I got some money off my family, so I am minted now!"上周我过生日，家里人给了些钱，我现在发达了。

Splashing out – Spending a lot of money 花大笔钱

That's as cheap as chips – That is very cheap 非常便宜

That costs a bomb – That is too expensive 太贵了

That's a rip-off – That is not worth the price 抢钱呢吧

Cough up! – Pay your share of the bill! 快掏钱付你自己那份账单！

====【物品】====

Brolly – Umbrella 雨伞

Telly – Television. Some people also say "What's on the box?" to mean "What's on TV?"电视。一些人也说"What's on the box?"，表示电视上在演什么。

Loo – Toilet 厕所

Mobile – Mobile telephone. It is unusual to say cellphone in the UK.手机。在英国说cellphone会很奇怪。

====【强调、感叹】====

Bloody – One of the most useful swear words in British English. Mostly used as an exclamation of surprise e.g. "bloody hell".Something may be "bloody marvelous" or "bloody awful". It is also used to emphasize almost anything, e.g. "you're bloody mad", "not bloody likely".英国英语里最有用的脏话。多用于表达惊讶之情，如bloody hell（该死、见鬼、我的天）。某事物可以是bloody marvelous（超赞的），也可以是bloody awful（糟糕透了）。它还以用来强调几乎任何事情，如you're bloody mad（你简直疯了）、not bloody likely（没门儿）。

In the UK, you may hear people use the slang terms "well", "dead" or "mega" instead of "very" or "really". For example, "It was dead good" or "That exam was well difficult!" 在英国，你可能会听见人们使用俚语用法的well、dead、mega来代替very或者really。如It was dead good（棒极了），或That exam was well difficult.（考试好难）。<ref>[http://yingyu.xdf.cn/201407/10106231.html 英剧迷们不可不知的常用英式俚语]，新东方</ref>

==视频==
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===美国俚语介绍===
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==参考资料==

[[Category:538 民俗學；各國風俗]]