檢視當選教宗斯德望的原始碼


{{Infobox Christian leader 
| type = Pope
|honorific-prefix=當選教宗
|name=德範<br />Electus Stephanus PP.
|image=<center><img src=https://www.img.koudaiwiki.com/img/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Pope_Stephen_%28papacy_752-757%29.jpg width="250"></center>
<small>[https://zh.wikiredia.com/wiki/%E5%BD%93%E9%80%89%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E6%9C%9B 来自 万维 的图片]</small>
|image_size = 
|birth_name=德範
|term_start=752年3月23日
|term_end=752年3月26日
|predecessor=[[聖匝加|匝加]]
|successor=[[教宗斯德望二世|德範二世]]
|death_date= 752-03-26|df=y
|death_place=[[羅馬]]
|other=}}

當選[[教宗]]'''德範'''（{{lang-la|Electus Stephanus PP.}}；{{bd|？||752年|3月25日}}）本名不可考，是一位被選為教宗的羅馬神父。他于752年3月23日当选教宗，作為[[聖匝加]]的繼位者。他是[[歷任教宗列表|歷任教宗]]在位最短的一個，只有僅僅三天，之後因為[[中風]]而突然離世。由於時间太短，使他未能在死前趕及進行[[主教]][[聖秩聖事|祝圣儀式]]<ref name=CE>{{Cite web |url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14288b.htm |title=Horace Mann, "Pope Stephen II" in ''Catholic Encyclopedia'' (New York 2013) |accessdate=2015-09-01 |archive-date=2012-06-22 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/68c3YwSDx?url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14288b.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=4-R8SSzKLewC&pg=PA13&dq=Stephen+elected+Pope+died+752&cd=7#v=onepage&q=Stephen%20elected%20Pope%20died%20752&f=false History's great untold stories: larger than life characters & dramatic ...]  http://books.google.com/books?id=4-R8SSzKLewC&pg=PA13&dq=Stephen+elected+Pope+died+752&cd=7#v=onepage&q=Stephen%20elected%20Pope%20died%20752&f=false |date=20140427001318   By Joseph Cummins. National Geographic Books. p. 13.</ref>，使得许多{{link-en|天主教歷史|History of the Catholic Church}}書籍不承認他為教宗，稱下任教宗德範三世為[[教宗斯德望二世|德範二世]]。在745年，聖匝加提拔他為[[聖基所恭聖殿]][[領銜堂區]]的樞機，該領銜堂區後來由洛林樞機弗雷德里克（{{lang-en|Cardinal Frederick of Lorraine}}）接任，他後來成為教宗[[德範九世]]。

在《[[宗座年鑑]]》中提到[[教宗斯德望二世|德範二世（三世）]]時，附有一道註釋：「[[聖匝加]]死時，羅馬神父德範被選為新教宗，但是，由於他隔四天後便死亡，未及參加他的『[[主教|奉獻禮]]』，根據《[[天主教法典]]》此時其任職才真正生效，因此其姓名沒有登記在宗座書籍上，亦不見於其他教宗列表。」<ref name=AP2012>Annuario Pontificio 2012 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2012 ISBN 978-88-209-8722-0), p. 11*</ref>

從752年到942年，有八位名為德範的人被選為教宗，包括當選教宗德範，但僅七位有實際統治。在十世紀前沒有用於教宗，因此附於其名後的編號都是經由追贈加上的。在名字後附加編號成為慣例後，第一位名為德範的教宗是德範九世，他一生中所有的文獻簽名都是「教宗德範九世（Stephanus Papa Nonus）」。

然而後來直到1975年10月1日還有效的教會法<ref>On that date, Pope Paul VI changed the law, laying down in his apostolic constitution ''[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/paul_vi/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_p-vi_apc_19751001_romano-pontifici-eligendo_lt.html Romano Pontifici eligendo]  http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/paul_vi/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_p-vi_apc_19751001_romano-pontifici-eligendo_lt.html |date=20171213163518 '' that (to quote an [http://www.ewtn.com/library/papaldoc/p6elect.htm English version of the document]  http://www.ewtn.com/library/papaldoc/p6elect.htm |date=20150924045925 ), "88. After his acceptance, the person elected, if he be a bishop, is straightway bishop of Rome, true pope, and head of the episcopal college. He possesses and can exercise full and supreme power over the universal Church. If, however, the elected person does not possess the episcopal character, he is to be immediately ordained a bishop." Pope Paul VI's change of the law was incorporated into the [http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG0017/_P15.HTM 1983 Code of Canon Law]  http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG0017/_P15.HTM |date=20150903033401 : "Can. 332 §1 The Roman Pontiff acquires full and supreme power in the Church when, together with episcopal consecration, he has been lawfully elected and has accepted the election. Accordingly, if he already has the episcopal character, he receives this power from the moment he accepts election to the supreme pontificate. If he does not have the episcopal character, he is immediately to be ordained Bishop."</ref>，都把當選當下視為某人成為教宗的時刻，因此德範便被[[時代錯誤]]地稱作教宗德範二世。有些作者，但並非全部，從而把之後所有名為德範的教宗編號增加了一位，使得由德範三世至德範十世的八位教宗也分別順序稱為德範二世至德範九世。1961年，他的名字被從《宗座年鑑》中移除<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=M0H-hg07b1kC&pg=PA121&dq=McBrien+%22name+in+1961%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=i_TaUa71Ds-h7Abm5ID4Bg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=McBrien%20%22name%20in%201961%22&f=false |title=Richard P. McBrien, ''Lives of the Popes'' (Harper Collins 2013 ISBN 978-0-06228834-9), p. 121 |accessdate=2015-09-01 |archive-date=2016-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922053623/https://books.google.com/books?id=M0H-hg07b1kC&pg=PA121&dq=McBrien+%22name+in+1961%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=i_TaUa71Ds-h7Abm5ID4Bg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=McBrien%20%22name%20in%201961%22&f=false |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

編號上的分歧也使得這些教宗有兩種編號，所以他們有時也會寫成教宗德範二世（三世）－九世（十世）。這種做法見於《[[天主教百科全書]]》<ref>For instance, [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14288c.htm Pope Stephen II (III)]  https://www.webcitation.org/68c3ZMgBn?url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14288c.htm |date=20120622142710 |dateformat=iso </ref>、《宗座年鑑》<ref name=AP2012/>以及《[[大英百科全書]]》<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ke5MAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Pope+Stephen+II+(III)%22&dq=%22Pope+Stephen+II+(III)%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=0pkgUfPXKoiQhQfh2YBI&redir_esc=y |title=Encyclopaedia Britannica, 14 pages in volume 17 |accessdate=2015-09-01 |archive-date=2016-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322230124/https://books.google.com/books?id=ke5MAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Pope+Stephen+II+(III)%22&dq=%22Pope+Stephen+II+(III)%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=0pkgUfPXKoiQhQfh2YBI&redir_esc=y |dead-url=no }}</ref>。