{{Link style|time=2015-12-13T13:22:43+00:00}}{{More footnotes|time=2015-05-25T23:40:44+00:00}}{{noteTA|G1=美国总统|G2=USState}}{{Infobox_President| name = 尤利西斯·S·格兰特| original_name = Ulysses S. Grant| nationality = 美国| image = Ulysses S. Grant 1870-1880.jpg| country = [[美国]]| order = 18| office = 美国总统| term_start = 1869年3月4日| term_end = 1877年3月4日| vicepresident = [[斯凯勒·科尔法克斯]]<br />[[亨利·威尔逊]]| predecessor = [[安德鲁·强森]]| successor = [[拉瑟福德·B·海斯]]| birth_date = 1822年4月27日| birth_place = {{USA}}[[俄亥俄州]][[波恩特普里山特]]| death_date = {{death_date_and_age|1885|7|23|1822|4|27|mf=y}}| death_place = {{USA}}[[纽约州]][[威尔顿]]| religion = [[卫理宗]]| spouse = [[茱莉亚·格兰特]]| party = [[共和党 (美国)|共和党]]| profession = 陆军上将| signature = UlyssesSGrantSignature.svg|}}'''尤利西斯·辛普森·格兰特'''（{{lang-en|Ulysses S. Grant}}；{{bd|1822年|4月27日|1885年|7月23日|catIdx=G}}），[[美国]][[上将]]、[[政治人物]]，第18任[[美国总统]]。作为[[美国重建时期]]的重要总统，八年任期政绩平平，政府更因贪污腐败、收受贿赂、对南方奴隶主的妥协而遭批评。但他作为[[南北战争]]的战争英雄，对维护联邦统一的贡献，因为军事身份和爱国主义而成为50元美金上所绘人物。== 生平 ===== 早年生涯 ===生于[[美国]][[俄亥俄州]]一个小业主的家庭，1843年于[[西点军校]]（陆军军官学校）毕业，并参加过[[美墨战争]]，1854年退役。=== 南北战争 ===1861年[[南北战争]]爆发后，格兰特于[[伊利诺伊州]][[乔戴维斯县 (伊利诺伊州)|乔戴维斯县]][[加利纳]]协助招募并训练军队。先后担任志愿军的[[团长]]、[[旅长]]，作战于西部战场。1862年2月，率军攻克[[美利坚联盟国|南军]]的[[亨利堡]]及[[多纳尔森堡]]，从此名声大震，并升任[[少将]]。4月在[[西罗之役]]（Battle of Shiloh）中击败并重创南军。1863年4至7月率[[田纳西州]]军队迂回包抄[[密西西比河]]畔南军最重要的堡垒[[维克斯堡]]，经历了外围作战和攻坚战，最终迫使南军投降，俘获南军3.1万人。11月率部挫败进攻[[查塔努加]]的南军。1864年起，格兰特被任命为[[南北战争]][[联邦军]][[总司令]]，同[[威廉·特库姆塞·舍曼|威廉·薛曼]]制定东西战线协同作战，分割歼敌的计划。5月率主力军在[[弗吉尼亚州]]同[[罗伯特·李]]率领的南军主力决战，并命令[[威廉·特库姆塞·舍曼|薛曼]]进攻[[佐治亚州]]，南军遭受重创。1865年4月2日，攻克[[美利坚联盟国]]「首都」[[里士满 (维吉尼亚州)|里士满]]，南军被迫于4月9日在[[阿波马托克斯]]投降。在整个南北战争期间，格兰特将军的表现被视为富有政治胆识，意识到废除奴隶制和[[黑人]]武装的重要；善于整体把握战争，指挥坚决果断，无惜代价地，主动采取进攻来消灭敌方的有生力量，破坏了敌方的战争潜力。他为内战[[美国联邦政府|北方]]的胜利作出了卓越的贡献。1865年4月9日，格兰特接受[[李将军]]投降，长达四年的南北战争结束。在接受南方军队投降时，北方军营响起庆贺的炮声，但随即遭到格兰特的制止，他说：“叛乱者现在又是我们的同胞了。”双方随后互致军礼。<ref>{{cite web |url= http://news.ifeng.com/mainland/detail_2012_04/13/13849687_0.shtml|title=学者谈祭奠国民党抗战烈士：党争息，民族兴 |publisher=凤凰网 |accessdate=2012-04-13 |work= |language =zh-hans}}</ref>南北战争结束后，1866年4月，格兰特晋升[[陆军上将]]。1867年8月至1868年1月任陆军代理部长。=== 总统生涯 ===1868年的总统选举，由于在内战时期彪炳的战功，格兰特赢得执政的共和党提名，成功当选[[美国总统]]，并于1872年的总统选举，再次击败获民主党支持的激进共和党人成功连任，而选举期间，因对手在[[选举人团]]投票前去世，导致出现大量不忠选举人的情况。作为[[美国重建时期]]的重要总统，八年任期政绩平平，政府更因贪污腐败、收受贿赂、对奴隶主的妥协而遭批评，激进共和党人批评他对南方妥协太多，而南方及民主党则批评其领导的联邦政府对南方实行剥削。卸任前与南方达成的协议，使南方民主党人得以在重建时期后重新控制南方近一个世纪。=== 卸任后 ===格兰特1877年3月卸任后，于5月偕妻开始环游世界，曾到[[埃及]]参观[[金字塔]]，在[[英国]]受到热烈欢迎，直到1879年12月回到美国。1878年，格兰特成为[[美国]]第一位到达[[日本]]和[[中国]]的[[美国总统|总统]]，会见[[明治天皇]]，并与当时中国[[清朝]][[北洋大臣]][[李鸿章]]合照，李鸿章并且称两人是当代伟大的人。时值日本强迫[[琉球国|琉球]][#redirect[ 国王]]退位，设置[[冲绳县]]，并将琉球併入日本版图，中国清朝[[总理各国事务衙门]]大臣[[恭亲王]]委请格兰特为调解人，格兰特欣然同意前往日本调解此事。但赴日后则被日方以《中日北京专约》为由搪塞，只好力劝中日互让，以免失和。美国非正式地提出试探性“琉球三分案”，即琉球南部归中国，中部归琉球，北部归日本。由于日本当时尚未做好对华开战淮备，1880年只好暂且接受格兰特的调停，但不接受“琉球三分案”，日本因此提出「分岛改约案」，将[[宫古岛]]以南诸岛归还琉球国，但未获中国同意，最后不了了之。琉球南部由中国控制，北部由日本控制，直至[[甲午战争]]爆发。1880年，在共和党人士及支持者的推动下，他计划第三度参选总统，欲打破华盛顿以来总统不担任多过二任的习惯，但最后在共和党大会初选三十六轮投票中落败。1881年，格兰特的儿子巴克(Buck)与瓦德(Ferdinand Ward)在华尔街成立「格兰特与瓦德」公司，他被儿子说服参与投资，但因瓦德[[诈欺]]，「格兰特与瓦德」公司于1884年倒闭，导致格兰特的生活陷入贫困。1885年在[[纽约州]]去世，终年63岁。== 电影 ==* 电影[[飙风战警]]（Wild Wild West）中的美国总统即是 尤利西斯·辛普森·格 兰 蘭 特 。* 1995年，由[[李察·狄恩·安德森]]主演的电视影集《[[:en:Legend (TV series)|新百战天龙]]》（Legend），该故事背景正是尤利西斯·辛普森·格兰特就任时期。== 著作 ==* 《U.S. 格兰特的个人回忆录》== 参见 ==* [[黑色星期五 (1869年)]]== 参考文献 =={{Reflist}}==文献=='''Biographical and political'''* ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=maIoAAAAYAAJ&dq=ulysses+intitle:cyclopedia&lr=&as_drrb_is=b&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=1869&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=1873&as_brr=0&source=gbs_navlinks_s American Annual Cyclopedia... 1868]''. Volume 8. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1873.* Bunting III, Josiah. ''Ulysses S. Grant''. New York: Times Books, 2004. ISBN 978-0-8050-6949-5.* [http://www.archive.org/details/americannation22hartrich Dunning. William. ''Reconstruction Political and Economic 1865–1877'' (1905), vol 22].* {{cite journal |ref=Cox |last=Cox |first=Jacob Dolson |title=How Judge Hoar Ceased to be Attorney General |authorlink=Jacob Dolson Cox|journal=Atlantic Monthly Making of America |publisher=Cornell University Library |url=http://cdl.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/moa/pageviewer?frames=1&cite=&coll=moa&view=50&root=%2Fmoa%2Fatla%2Fatla0076%2F&tif=00171.TIF&pagenum=162 |volume=76 |issue=454 |date=July 1895 |pages=162–173 |accessdate=2012-05-20}}* [[Hamlin Garland|Garland, Hamlin]]. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=AEIOAAAAIAAJ&dq=ulysses+intitle:Ulysses+intitle:S+intitle:Grant+intitle:His+intitle:Life+intitle:and+intitle:Character&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=50&as_brr=3 Ulysses S. Grant: His Life and Character]''. New York, Doubleday & McClure co., 1898.* Hardy, William E. "South of the Border: Ulysses S. Grant and the French Intervention," ''Civil War History'' Vol. 54#1 (2008) pp 63+. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5026686310 online edition]* Hesseltine, William B. ''[http://www.questia.com/library/book/ulysses-s-grant-politician-by-william-b-hesseltine.jsp Ulysses S. Grant, Politician]''. New York, F. Ungar Pub. Co. [1957, 1935]. ISBN 978-1-931313-85-8.* {{cite book |ref=Longacre |last=Longacre |first=Edward G. |title=General Ulysses S. Grant The Soldier And The Man |publisher=First De Capo Press |location=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]], [[Massachusetts]]|year=2006 |isbn=0-306-81269-X}}* Mantell, Martin E. ''[http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=89815306 Johnson, Grant, and the Politics of Reconstruction]''. New York, Columbia University Press, 1973.* {{cite book |ref=McFeely |last= McFeely |first= William S. |title=Grant: A Biography |publisher= Norton |year=1981 |isbn= 0-393-01372-3}}; Pulitzer Prize* {{Cite book |ref=McFeely-Woodward|last=McFeely |first=William S |editor=C. Vann Woodward |title=Responses of the Presidents to Charges of Misconduct |publisher=Delacorte Press |location=[[New York City|New York]], [[New York State|New York]]|year=1974 |isbn=0-440-05923-2}}* [[Allan Nevins|Nevins, Allan]], ''[http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=94934148 Hamilton Fish: The Inner History of the Grant Administration]''. New York, Dodd, Mead, 1936, 2 vol.* Rhodes, James Ford. ''[http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=24644891 History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850 to the McKinley-Bryan Campaign of 1896]''. Volume: 6 and 7, 1920.* {{cite book |last=Sarna |first=Jonathan |authorlink=Jonathan Sarna |year=2012 |title=When General Grant Expelled the Jews |location=New York, NY |publisher=Nextbook Press |isbn=978-0-8052-4279-9 |url=http://nextbookpress.com/books/248/when-grant-expelled-the-jews/}}* Scaturro, Frank J. ''President Grant Reconsidered''. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1998.* Simpson, Brooks D., ''Let Us Have Peace: Ulysses S. Grant and the Politics of War and Reconstruction, 1861–1868''. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991.* Simpson, Brooks D. ''The Reconstruction Presidents''. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1998.* {{cite book |ref=Simpson (2000) Ulysses S. Grant |last=Simpson |first=Brooks D. |title=Ulysses S. Grant: Triumph Over Adversity, 1822–1865 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=LiXipzGjMxsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Ulysses+S.+Grant,+1861%E2%80%931864:+His+Rise+from+Obscurity+to+Military+Greatness#v=onepage&q&f=false |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |location=[[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]], [[Massachusetts]] |year=2000 |isbn=0-395-65994-9}}* Simon, John Y. "Ulysses S. Grant". in Henry Graff, ed. ''The Presidents: A Reference History'' (2nd ed. 1997), pp. 245–260.* {{cite book |ref=Smith |last=Smith |first=Jean Edward |title=Grant |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=[[New York, New York|New York]], [[New York State|New York]] |year=2001 |isbn=0-684-84927-5}}* {{cite book |ref=Waugh |last=Waugh |first=Joan |title=U.S. Grant: American Hero, American Myth |publisher=The University of North Carolina Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-8078-3317-9}}'''Historiography'''* Skidmore, Max J. "The Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant: A Reconsideration". ''White House Studies'' (Feb 2005), 5#2, pp. 255–270* Rafuse, Ethan S. "Still a Mystery? General Grant and the Historians, 1981–2006", ''Journal of Military History'' (July 2007) 71#3, pp. 849–874,* {{cite news |ref=Wilentz |last=Wilentz |first=Sean |title=Who's Buried in the History Books? |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/14/opinion/14wilentz.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 14, 2010 |accessdate=11-04-2011}}* Wilson, Edmund. ''Patriotic Gore: Studies in the Literature of the American Civil War'' (New York: Oxford University Press, 1962), pp. 131–173 on Grant's ''Memoirs''.'''Military'''* Badeau, Adam. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=JeUDAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:Badeau+inauthor:Adam&num=30&as_brr=0 Military History of Ulysses S. Grant, from April 1861, to April 1865]''. New York: D. Appleton, 1881.* Ballard, Michael B. ''Vicksburg, The Campaign that Opened the Mississippi''. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004. ISBN 978-0-8078-2893-9.* [[Ed Bearss|Bearss, Edwin C.]]. ''The Vicksburg Campaign''. Dayton, Ohio: Morningside, 1991. ISBN 978-0-89029-308-9.* {{cite book |ref=Bonekemper |last=Bonekemper III |first=Edward H. |title=A Victor, Not a Butcher: Ulysses S. Grant's Overlooked Military Genius |location=[[Washington, DC]] |publisher=Regnery |year=2004 |isbn= 0-89526-062-X}}* {{cite journal |ref=Bonkemper III (April, 2011) |last=Bonekemper III |first=Edward H. |title=The butcher's bill: Ulysses S. Grant is often referred to as a 'butcher,' but does Robert E. Lee actually deserve that title? |journal=Civl War Times |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=36–43 |date=April 2011}}* Carter, Samuel III. ''The Final Fortress: The Campaign for Vicksburg, 1862–1863''. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1980.* [[Bruce Catton|Catton, Bruce]]. ''Grant Moves South''. Boston: Little, Brown, 1960. ISBN 978-0-316-13207-7; ''Grant Takes Command''. (1968). ISBN 978-0-316-13210-7; ''U. S. Grant and the American Military Tradition''. 1954.* Cavanaugh, Michael A., and William Marvel. ''The Petersburg Campaign: The Battle of the Crater: "The Horrid Pit," June 25 – August 6, 1864''. Lynchburg, Va.: H.E. Howard, 1989.* Davis, William C. ''Death in the Trenches: Grant at Petersburg''. Alexandria, Va.: Time-Life Books, 1986. popular* [[David J. Eicher|Eicher, David J.]] ''The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War''. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. ISBN 978-0-684-84944-7.* Eicher, John H., and [[David J. Eicher|Eicher, David J.]] ''Civil War High Commands''. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2001. ISBN 978-0-8047-3641-1.* [[J. F. C. Fuller|Fuller, Maj. Gen. J. F. C.]]. ''Grant and Lee, a Study in Personality and Generalship''. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1957. ISBN 978-0-253-13400-4.* {{cite book |ref=Farina |last=Farina |first=William |title=Ulysses S. Grant, 1861–1864: His Rise from Obscurity to Military Greatness |url=http://books.google.com/?id=LiXipzGjMxsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Ulysses+S.+Grant:+1861-1864&cd=1#v=onepage&q |location=[[Jefferson, North Carolina|Jefferson]], [[North Carolina]] |publisher=McFarland & Co |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-7864-2977-6}}* {{cite news |last=Isbell |first=Tim |title=Fort Donelson Victory Brings Forth 'Unconditional Surrender' Grant |newspaper=Sun Herald |publisher=SunHerald.com |url=http://www.sunherald.com/2012/02/13/3750488/fort-donelson-victory-brings-forth.html |location=Biloxi-Gulfport and South Mississippi |date=2012-02-13 |accessdate=2012-02-13}}* Gott, Kendall D. ''Where the South Lost the War: An Analysis of the Fort Henry-Fort Donelson Campaign, February 1862''. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2003. ISBN 978-0-8117-0049-8.* Korda, Michael. ''Ulysses S. Grant: The Unlikely Hero''. New York: Atlas Books/HarperCollins, 2004.* Lewis, Lloyd. ''Captain Sam Grant''. Boston: Little, Brown, and Co., 1950. ISBN 978-0-316-52348-6.* McWhiney, Grady. ''Battle in the Wilderness: Grant Meets Lee''. Fort Worth: Ryan Place Publishers, 1995.* McDonough, James Lee. ''Shiloh: In Hell Before Night''. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1977.* McDonough, James Lee. ''Chattanooga: A Death Grip on the Confederacy''. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1984.* [[James M. McPherson|McPherson, James M.]] ''Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era''. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. ISBN 978-0-19-503863-7.* Maney, R. Wayne. ''Marching to Cold Harbor. Victory and Failure, 1864''. Shippensburg, Pa., US: White Mane Pub. Co., 1994.* Matter, William D. ''If It Takes All Summer: The Battle of Spotsylvania''. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988.* Miers, Earl Schenck. ''The Web of Victory: Grant at Vicksburg''. New York: Knopf, 1955.* Mosier, John. ''Grant''. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2006. ISBN 978-1-4039-7136-4.* Rafuse, Ethan Sepp. "Still a Mystery? General Grant and the Historians, 1981–2006," ''Journal of Military History,'' Volume 71, Number 3, July 2007, pp. 849–874 [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_military_history/v071/71.3rafuse.html in Project MUSE]* Rhea, Gordon C. ''The Battle of the Wilderness May 5–6, 1864''. Louisiana State University Press, 1994. ISBN 978-0-8071-1873-3.* Rhea, Gordon C. ''The Battles for Spotsylvania Court House and the Road to Yellow Tavern May 7–12, 1864''. Louisiana State University Press, 1997. ISBN 978-0-8071-2136-8.* Rhea, Gordon C. ''To the North Anna River: Grant and Lee, May 13–25, 1864''. Louisiana State University Press, 2000. ISBN 978-0-8071-2535-9.* Rhea, Gordon C., ''Cold Harbor: Grant and Lee, May 26 – June 3, 1864''. Louisiana State University Press, 2002. ISBN 978-0-8071-2803-9.* Schenker, Carl R., Jr. "Ulysses in His Tent: Halleck, Grant, Sherman, and 'The Turning Point of the War'". ''Civil War History'' (June 2010), vol. 56, no. 2, p. 175.* Simpson, Brooks D. "Continuous Hammering and Mere Attrition: Lost Cause Critics and the Military Reputation of Ulysses S. Grant". ''The Myth of the Lost Cause and Civil War History''. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2000.* Simpson, Brooks D. "After Shiloh: Grant, Sherman, and Survival". ''The Shiloh Campaign''. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2009.* Steere, Edward. ''The Wilderness Campaign''. Harrisburg, Pa.: Stackpole Co., 1960.* Walsh, George. ''"Whip the Rebellion": Ulysses S. Grant's Rise to Command'' (2005) 480pp ISBN 978-0-7653-0527-5; popular narrative* Williams, Kenneth P. ''Lincoln Finds a General: A Military Study of the Civil War''. New York, Macmillan, 1959 (volume 5).* Williams, T. Harry, ''McClellan, Sherman and Grant''. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1962.* Woodworth, Steven E. ''Nothing but Victory: The Army of the Tennessee, 1861 – 1865''. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2005. ISBN 978-0-375-41218-9.'''Primary sources'''* {{cite book |ref=Simon (1967) |last=Simon |first=John Y. |title=The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant |year=1967–2012, 32 vol. |publisher=Southern Illinois University Press |url=http://www.siupress.com/%28S%28ncswkbmyrobsrw45bwtf1yqq%29%29/catalog/ProductSearch.aspx?ExtendedSearch=false&SearchOnLoad=true&rhl=U%20S%20Grant%20Papers&sj=1009&rhdcid=1009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905233122/http://www.siupress.com/Catalog/ProductSearch.aspx?ExtendedSearch=false&SearchOnLoad=true&rhl=U%20S%20Grant%20Papers&sj=1009&rhdcid=1009 |archivedate=2015-09-05 }}* Grant, Ulysses S. ''[http://www.bartleby.com/1011/ Personal Memoirs of U.S. Grant]''. C.L. Webster & Co., 1885.** Wilson, Edmund. ''Patriotic Gore: Studies in the Literature of the American Civil War'' New York: Oxford University Press, 1962. pp. 131–173 for commentary* Grant, Ulysses S. ''Memoirs and Selected Letters'' (Mary Drake McFeely & William S. McFeely, eds.) [http://www.loa.org/ The Library of America], 1990. ISBN 978-0-940450-58-5* Johnson, R. U., and Buel, C. C., eds. ''Battles and Leaders of the Civil War''. 4 vols. New York, 1887–88.* Porter, Horace. ''Campaigning with Grant''. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1897.* Sherman, William Tecumseh, ''Memoirs of General William T. Sherman''. 2 vols. New York: D. Appleton, 1875.* [http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/presiden/inaug/grant1.htm First Inaugural Address]* [http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/presiden/inaug/grant2.htm Second Inaugural Address]==连结=={{Sister project links|wikt=no|commons=Ulysses S. Grant|b=no|n=no|q=Ulysses S. Grant|s=Author:Ulysses S. Grant|v=no|species=no}}* [http://library.msstate.edu/USGrant/ Ulysses S. Grant Association]* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080119145138/http://www.millercenter.virginia.edu/index.php/academic/americanpresident/grant Miller Center of Public Affairs essays on Grant and cabinet members]* [http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/presidents/grant/index.html Ulysses S. Grant: A Resource Guide from the Library of Congress]* [http://www.empirenet.com/~ulysses/ Many rare General Grant photographs]* [http://www.familytales.org/results.php?tla=usg Collection of US Grant Letters]* [http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/4367 Ulysses S. Grant's Memoirs]*[http://www.shapell.org/manuscript.aspx?169060 Original Documents and Letters from Ulysses S. Grant] Shapell Manuscript Foundation* [http://www.nps.gov/ulsg/ Historic White Haven (Grant-Dent home)]* [http://library.msstate.edu/usgrant/genealogy.asp Ulysses S. Grant Genealogy, Mississippi State University Library]* [http://www.civilwaranimated.com/index.php/ulysses-s-grant Animations of the Campaigns of Ulysses S. Grant (Forts Henry and Donelson, Shiloh, Vicksburg, Chattanooga, Overland, and Petersburg/Appomattox)]*[http://americanpresidents.org/presidents/president.asp?PresidentNumber=18 Ulysses S. Grant] at [[C-SPAN]]'s ''[[American Presidents: Life Portraits]]''*[http://www.booknotes.org/Watch/157728-1/Brooks+Simpson.aspx ''Booknotes'' interview with Brooks D. Simpson on ''Ulysses S. Grant: Triumph Over Adversity, 1822–1865'', July 16, 2000.]*[http://www.booknotes.org/Watch/182749-1/Mark+Perry.aspx ''Booknotes'' interview with Mark Perry on ''Grant and Twain: The Story of a Friendship That Changed America'', July 18, 2004.]{{start box}}{{succession box|[[安德鲁·约翰逊]]|[[拉瑟福德·B·海斯]]|[[美国总统]]|1869年－1877年}}{{end box}}{{美国总统}}{{Ulysses S. Grant cabinet}}{{1880年美国总统选举}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Grant}}[[Category:美國軍政人物]][[Category:苏格兰裔美国人]][[Category:俄亥俄州人]][[Category:1880年美国总统选举候选人]][[Category:19世纪美国政治家]]