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酥油茶

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参考资料
'''酥油茶'''西藏的特色饮料<ref>[https://www.meishij.net/china-food/xiaochi/yunnan/15368.html  美食杰]</ref> 
==简介==
[[File:U=3647264708,1255264397&fm=26&gp=0.jpg|缩略图|400px|中国西藏的特色饮料:酥油茶[https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=0&ipn=d&word=%E9%85%A5%E6%B2%B9%E8%8C%B6&step_word=&hs=0&pn=32&spn=0&di=107580&pi=0&rn=1&tn=baiduimagedetail&is=0%2C0&istype=2&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=-1&cs=4161552483%2C3649199490&os=2762539354%2C4274755128&simid=4130299167%2C876456741&adpicid=0&lpn=0&ln=1572&fr=&fmq=1576558102765_R&fm=result&ic=0&s=undefined&hd=&latest=&copyright=&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=&height=&face=undefined&ist=&jit=&cg=&bdtype=0&oriquery=&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fimg.mp.itc.cn%2Fupload%2F20170731%2Fa19a14e784824b278206182b298026f5_th.jpg&fromurl=ippr_z2C%24qAzdH3FAzdH3Fooo_z%26e3Bf5i7_z%26e3Bv54AzdH3FwAzdH3F8m8dcd80d_nnd9al&gsm=&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&islist=&querylist=&force=undefined 原圖鏈接][http://www.sohu.com/a/161252172_332409 来自搜狐]]]
酥油茶是中国西藏的特色饮料。多作为主食与[[糌粑]]一起食用,有御寒提神醒脑、生津止渴的作用。此种饮料用酥油和浓茶加工而成。先将适量酥油放入特制的桶中,佐以食盐,再注入熬煮的浓茶汁,用木柄反复捣拌,使酥油与茶汁溶为一体,呈乳状即成。与藏族毗邻的一些民族,亦有饮用酥油茶的习俗
==基本信息==
牧民们传统的提炼酥油方法是:先将从牛、羊身上挤出来的奶汁加热,倒入特制的大木桶中(这种桶当地叫“雪董”,是专用来提炼酥油的,高约4尺、直径在1尺左右),然后用专用的酥油用具用力上下抽打奶汁,来回数百次,搅得奶汁油水分 。
==制作==
[[File:Timg (1)xcw.jpg|缩略图|400px|藏民制作酥油茶[https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=0&ipn=d&word=%E9%85%A5%E6%B2%B9%E8%8C%B6&step_word=&hs=0&pn=27&spn=0&di=180400&pi=0&rn=1&tn=baiduimagedetail&is=0%2C0&istype=2&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=-1&cs=1769017328%2C3110629307&os=1830554750%2C3457722463&simid=3987415076%2C668456987&adpicid=0&lpn=0&ln=1572&fr=&fmq=1576558102765_R&fm=result&ic=0&s=undefined&hd=&latest=&copyright=&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=&height=&face=undefined&ist=&jit=&cg=&bdtype=0&oriquery=&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fimg.edaocha.net%2Fuserfiles%2Fimage%2F20150717%2F17161840ebdfc83eb87297.jpg&fromurl=ippr_z2C%24qAzdH3FAzdH3Fviw1w5_z%26e3Bj1w5viw_z%26e3Bv54AzdH3Fda8ca080AzdH3Fdc9bn_8_z%26e3Bip4s&gsm=&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&islist=&querylist=&force=undefined 原圖鏈接][https://image.baidu.com/search/redirect?tn=redirect&word=j&juid=B090D2&sign=ckbzkkwgoe&url=http%3A%2F%2Fchadao.edaocha.com%2F20150717%2F25483_1.html&bakfurl1=http%3A%2F%2Fweimeiba.com%2Fso%2F%E9%85%A5%E6%B2%B9%E8%8C%B6%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E8%8C%B6.html&bakfurl2=http%3A%2F%2Fdonjhuapian.tuxi.com.cn%2Fviewb-58990-589909177.html&objurl=https%3A%2F%2Ftimgsa.baidu.com%2Ftimg%3Fimage%26quality%3D80%26size%3Db9999_10000%26sec%3D1576568454561%26di%3Dc83b3c354e9f0a25440c31b5373c797d%26imgtype%3Djpg%26src%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fimg3.imgtn.bdimg.com%252Fit%252Fu%253D1769017328%252C3110629307%2526fm%253D214%2526gp%253D0.jpg 来自搜狐]]][[File:Timg (2)cvx.jpg|缩略图|400px|藏民制作酥油茶[https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=0&ipn=d&word=%E9%85%A5%E6%B2%B9%E8%8C%B6&step_word=&hs=0&pn=26&spn=0&di=83820&pi=0&rn=1&tn=baiduimagedetail&is=0%2C0&istype=2&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=-1&cs=719468451%2C1953628612&os=1338168591%2C3766618080&simid=3535031064%2C345072244&adpicid=0&lpn=0&ln=1572&fr=&fmq=1576559209304_R&fm=result&ic=0&s=undefined&hd=&latest=&copyright=&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=&height=&face=undefined&ist=&jit=&cg=&bdtype=0&oriquery=&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fs4.sinaimg.cn%2Fmw690%2F004lgRr0zy6IOwl2xcT63%26690&fromurl=ippr_z2C%24qAzdH3FAzdH3Fks52_z%26e3Bftgw_z%26e3Bv54_z%26e3BvgAzdH3FfAzdH3Fks52_j1db0wwja8a83fnl_z%26e3Bip4s&gsm=&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&islist=&querylist=&force=undefined 原圖鏈接][http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_ed287aae0101js39.html 来自中国特色西藏馆的博客]]][[File:Timgqw.gif|缩略图|400px|藏民制作酥油茶[https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=0&ipn=d&word=%E9%85%A5%E6%B2%B9%E8%8C%B6&step_word=&hs=0&pn=73&spn=0&di=13090&pi=0&rn=1&tn=baiduimagedetail&is=0%2C0&istype=2&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=-1&cs=3618964766%2C2624059937&os=3419897888%2C2203383447&simid=4197362875%2C467154118&adpicid=0&lpn=0&ln=1572&fr=&fmq=1576559209304_R&fm=result&ic=0&s=undefined&hd=&latest=&copyright=&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=&height=&face=undefined&ist=&jit=&cg=&bdtype=0&oriquery=&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dzcyscl.com%2Fuploadfile%2F2011%2F0215%2F20110215104953834.gif&fromurl=ippr_z2C%24qAzdH3FAzdH3Fooo_z%26e3B1zvyfvs_z%26e3Bv54AzdH3Fr7j6viwzfAzdH3FrjvzfAzdH3Fn8_z%26e3Bip4s&gsm=&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&islist=&querylist=&force=undefined 原圖鏈接][https://image.baidu.com/search/redirect?tn=redirect&word=j&juid=B090D2&sign=ckbzkkogke&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dzcyscl.com%2Fpuerchazs%2Fpeczs%2F31.html&bakfurl1=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dzcyscl.com%2Fpuerchazs%2Fpeczs%2F31.html&objurl=https%3A%2F%2Ftimgsa.baidu.com%2Ftimg%3Fimage%26quality%3D80%26size%3Db9999_10000%26sec%3D1576569375374%26di%3De9e0425d31c2dcf0ae41a451a8e29f8d%26imgtype%3Djpg%26src%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fimg1.imgtn.bdimg.com%252Fit%252Fu%253D3618964766%252C2624059937%2526fm%253D214%2526gp%253D0.jpg 来自搜狐]]]
===方法一===
砖茶呈固体状,需要用刀切削,如砍柴刀等,得用力切削 。
酥油茶有各种制法,一般是先煮后熬,即先在茶壶或锅中加入冷水,放入适量砖茶或沱茶后加盖烧开,然后用小火慢熬至茶水呈深褐色、入口不苦为最佳。在这种熬成的浓茶里放进少许盐巴,就制成了咸茶。如在成茶碗里再加一片酥油,使之溶化在茶里。就成了最简易的酥油茶。但更为正统的做法是:把煮好的浓茶滤去茶叶,倒入专门打酥油茶用的酥油茶桶(这是藏区群众家里常见的也是必备的一种生活工具,由筒桶和搅拌器两部分组成。筒桶用木板围成,上下口径相同,外面箍以铜皮,上下两端用铜做花边,显得精美大方。
搅拌器是在比简口较小的圆木板上安一根比桶稍高的木柄构成,圆木板上有4个直径约4厘米的小孔,搅拌时,液体和气体可以上下流动。21世纪以来,在城市和其他一些有条件的藏族群众家里,则更多地是使用电动搅拌器,既方便快捷,又干净卫生),再加入酥油。<ref>[https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1612554232595412207&wfr=spider&for=pc 酥油茶,藏族的一朵奇葩]</ref>
==功效==
人们说,没有喝过酥油茶,就算没有到过西藏高原。初喝酥油茶,第一口异味难耐,第二口淳香流芳,第三口永世不忘。千百年来,在与严酷的自然条件作斗争时,藏族人民创造了酥油茶文化。围绕茶文化,还有茶会,贯穿于交友、节庆、离别、爱情等聚会中 。
===风味===
初喝酥油茶,第一口异味难耐,第二口淳香流芳,第三口永世不忘。当地人说,没有喝过酥油茶,就没有到过迪庆高原。可是酥油茶本身的味道实在不敢恭维,很多内地人都不能忍受它的臊味,可是又不能不喝。西藏人总是善解人意地说,喝多了就习惯了,甚至还会喜欢上它,也是,事情总是这样的,久入芝兰之室不闻其香——先结婚后恋爱的爱情。<ref>[https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1598727132205718487&wfr=spider&for=pc 西藏特产酥油茶你喝过吗?味道真的让人难以忘却!]</ref>
===礼仪===
[[File:Timgxc.jpg|缩略图|400px|藏民给客人倒上满碗酥油茶[https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=0&ipn=d&word=%E9%85%A5%E6%B2%B9%E8%8C%B6&step_word=&hs=0&pn=12&spn=0&di=99220&pi=0&rn=1&tn=baiduimagedetail&is=0%2C0&istype=2&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=-1&cs=2394268787%2C2469665820&os=2840777368%2C1897652268&simid=4149600937%2C569014138&adpicid=0&lpn=0&ln=1572&fr=&fmq=1576559209304_R&fm=result&ic=0&s=undefined&hd=&latest=&copyright=&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=&height=&face=undefined&ist=&jit=&cg=&bdtype=0&oriquery=&objurl=http%3A%2F%2F5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com%2Fimages%2F20171030%2Fedbbcba786154600a530a722fbff276c.jpeg&fromurl=ippr_z2C%24qAzdH3FAzdH3F4p_z%26e3Bf5i7_z%26e3Bv54AzdH3Fda808anaAzdH3Fgcda0mn9nc_z%26e3Bfip4s&gsm=&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&islist=&querylist=&force=undefined 原圖鏈接][http://www.sohu.com/a/201185668_678243 来自搜狐]]][[File:Timg (3)cvx.jpg|缩略图|400px|藏民给客人倒上满碗酥油茶[https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=0&ipn=d&word=%E9%85%A5%E6%B2%B9%E8%8C%B6&step_word=&hs=0&pn=30&spn=0&di=161700&pi=0&rn=1&tn=baiduimagedetail&is=0%2C0&istype=2&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=-1&cs=3538715996%2C2926661563&os=298906174%2C506736471&simid=3533422605%2C374850157&adpicid=0&lpn=0&ln=1572&fr=&fmq=1576558102765_R&fm=result&ic=0&s=undefined&hd=&latest=&copyright=&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=&height=&face=undefined&ist=&jit=&cg=&bdtype=0&oriquery=&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fs13.sinaimg.cn%2Fmw690%2F001JGbuOzy6XheMZzOsdc%26690&fromurl=ippr_z2C%24qAzdH3FAzdH3Fks52_z%26e3Bftgw_z%26e3Bv54_z%26e3BvgAzdH3FfAzdH3Fks52_cj1mlbada8adov12_z%26e3Bip4s&gsm=&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&islist=&querylist=&force=undefined 原圖鏈接][http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5ed698020102wcdg.html 来自村夫遥星的博客]]]
酥油茶的喝法,德钦藏族喜欢加奶渣,中甸、维西藏族则追求纯正。藏族常用酥油茶待客,他们喝酥油茶,还有一套规矩。当客人被让坐到藏式方桌边时,主人便拿过一只木碗(或茶杯)放到客人面前。接着主人(或主妇)提起酥油茶壶(进入21世纪以来常用热水瓶代替),摇晃几下,给客人倒上满碗酥油茶。刚倒下的酥油茶,客人不马上喝,先和主人聊天。等主人再次提过酥油茶壶站到客人跟前时,客人便可以端起碗来,先在酥油碗里轻轻地吹一圈,将浮在茶上的油花吹开,然后呷上一口,并赞美道:“这酥油茶打得真好,油和茶分都分不开。”客人把碗放回桌上,主人再给添满。就这样,边喝边添,不一口喝完,热情的主人,总是要将客人的茶碗添满;假如你不想再喝,就不要动它;假如喝了一半,不想再喝了,主人把碗添满,你就摆着;客人准备告辞时,可以连着多喝几口,但不能喝干,碗里要留点漂油花的茶底。这样,才符合藏族的习惯和礼貌。
牛羊奶经过这样捣打后,其中的油质浮出水面,将它用手提出。压装于皮翼中,冷却后便成酥油,进入21世纪以来,手摇牛(羊)奶分离器已经逐步代替了手工捣制的旧工艺。酥油以夏季从[[牦牛]]奶里提炼的金黄色酥油为最好,从羊奶里提炼的则为纯白色。虔诚的藏传佛教信徒敬神供佛时,点灯、煨桑等都离不开酥油。酥油还可以软化皮革,以便揉搓皮绳革条,在牧区,男女青年还用它擦脸,以保护皮肤,防晒抗寒。被誉为青海塔尔寺密宗“艺术三绝“(酥油花、堆绣、壁画)之一的酥油花,更是以其独特的工艺和丰富的文化内涵而驰名中外。
[[File:Timg (5)xc.jpg|缩略图|400px|酥油花[https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=0&ipn=d&word=%E9%85%A5%E6%B2%B9%E8%8A%B1&step_word=&hs=0&pn=1064&spn=0&di=117480&pi=0&rn=1&tn=baiduimagedetail&is=0%2C0&istype=2&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=-1&cs=548351839%2C1818874019&os=3088501578%2C3198606965&simid=6675394%2C676722250&adpicid=0&lpn=0&ln=1504&fr=&fmq=1576558573850_R&fm=result&ic=0&s=undefined&hd=&latest=&copyright=&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=&height=&face=undefined&ist=&jit=&cg=&bdtype=0&oriquery=&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Ftravel.sohu.com%2Fupload%2FShuYouHua%2F6.jpg&fromurl=ippr_z2C%24qAzdH3FAzdH3Fooo_z%26e3Bz75ojgd_z%26e3Btgu5AzdH3FxzzAzdH3F%25Em%25BF%25bl%25Em%25lm%25BF%25E0%25lA%25Bc%25E0%25ba%25Bc%25Em%25B9%25AA%25Ec%25bF%25bm%25Ec%25Ab%25bC%25E0%25A8%25bc%25Ec%25A0%25Bn%25El%25bD%25ld%25Em%25lC%25Bc%25E0%25Bm%25l9AzdH3F&gsm=&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&islist=&querylist=&force=undefined 原圖鏈接][http://travel.sohu.com/20060307/n242175645_5.shtml 来自搜狐]]]
酥油花是一种独特的雕塑艺术,它用酥油揉以各色矿物颜料塑成形态各异的形象,大至山川人物,小至花草虫鱼,无不逼真细腻,栩栩如生,具有很高的艺术价值和审美价值。 藏区绝少产茶,制作酥油茶的茶叶,最初多来自中原地区。据史书记载,早在公元4、5世纪时,吐蕃军队就曾通过与内地的战争夺得了大量茶叶,但直到公元5世纪以前,吐蕃社会还没有形成饮茶的习俗,茶叶也只是作为一种珍贵的保健品而为社会上层所珍藏。唐朝开元年间以后,随着唐蕃之间交往的增多,饮茶习俗渐渐传入吐蕃。
西藏最喜欢喝的“酥油茶”是什么东西?原来这么做的!
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</center>
== 参考资料 ==
[[Category:670 中國地方志總論 ]]
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