{| class="wikitable" alignstyle="float:right; margin: -10px 0px 10px 20px; text-align:left"! <p style="background: #FFB5B5; color: #000000; margin:auto; padding:5px 0; "> '''希腊''' </p>

| style="background: #66CCFF" align= center|  '''<big> 希腊正教会</big> ''' （[[希腊语]] Ελληνορθόδοξη Εκκλησία）是[[罗马帝国]]国家教会分裂后，[[正教会|-罗马正教会]]的几个教会统称，其神学根植于早期[[教父 (基督教历史)|教父]]以及[[拜占庭]]文化，[[基督教礼拜仪式|礼拜仪式]]使用[[通用希腊语]]。

|<center><img src=https://gimg2.baidu.com/image_search/src=http%3A%2F%2Fnimg.ws.126.net%2F%3Furl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fdingyue.ws.126.net%252F2021%252F0330%252F37a4784aj00qqrkeg001yc000hs00cjc.jpg%26thumbnail%3D650x2147483647%26quality%3D80%26type%3Djpg&refer=http%3A%2F%2Fnimg.ws.126.net&app=2002&size=f9999,10000&q=a80&n=0&g=0n&fmt=jpeg?sec=1619936422&t=ff02014bb0060f3ea22ff53891deb624 width="250"></center><small>[https://www.163.com/dy/article/G6B8U8L205408DFO.html 来自 网易 的图片]</small> |- | style="background: #66CCFF" align= center| |- | align= light| 中文名: 希腊正教会 外文名Greek Orthodox Church 别   名：[[希腊]]正统教会， 希腊东正教会 创始时间：38年|} '''希腊正教会'''（lang-el|Ελληνορθόδοξη Εκκλησία，{{lang-en|Greek Orthodox Church}}）是[[罗马帝国]]国家教会分裂后，[[正教会|罗马正教会]]的几个教会统称<ref>Demetrios J. Constantelos, Understanding the Greek Orthodox Church, Holy Cross Orthodox Press 3rd edition (March 28, 2005)</ref><ref>L. Rushton, Doves and magpies: village women in the Greek Orthodox Church Women's religious experience, Croom Helm, 1983</ref><ref>Paul Yuzyk, The [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada]], 1918–1951, University of Ottawa Press, 1981</ref>，其神学根植于早期[[教父 (基督教历史)|教父]]以及[[拜占庭]]文化，[[基督教礼拜仪式|礼拜仪式]]使用[[通用希腊语]]<ref>Demetrios J. Constantelos, The Greek Orthodox Church: faith, history, and practice, Seabury Press, 1967</ref><ref>Daniel B. Wallace: {{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=XlqoTVsk2wcC&printsec=frontcover&lr=#PPA12,M1 |title=Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics: An Exegetical Syntax of the New Testament, page 12,}} Zondervan, 1997.</ref><ref>Robert H. Stein: {{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=mRDCqEHDqDEC&pg=PA4#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The method and message of Jesus' teachings, page 4,}} Westminster John Knox Press, 1994.</ref>。 与[[普世牧首]][[共融]]。其起源于近东的[[早期基督教]]以及[[拜占庭帝国]]，当代东正教[[修道 (基督教)|修道活动]]最重要的中心为在[[埃及]][[西奈半岛]]的[[圣凯瑟琳修道院]]和以及[[马其顿共和国|马其顿]]的[[阿索斯山]]。

希腊正教的起源可以追溯到公元一世纪的[[巴尔干半岛|巴尔干]]和[[中东|中东地区]]教会<ref name="ChafetzEbaugh2000">{{cite book|author1=Janet Saltzman Chafetz|author2=Helen Rose Ebaugh|title=Religion and the New Immigrants: Continuities and Adaptations in Immigrant Congregations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AT57AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA155|accessdate=2 September 2013|date=18 October 2000|publisher=AltaMira Press|isbn=978-0-7591-1712-9|page=155|quote=The distinctive characteristics of the Greek Orthodox Church are its sense of continuity with the ancient Church of Christ and the Apostles and its changelessness. The Orthodox church traces its existence, through the ordinatinon of Bishops. directly back to the Apostles and through them to Jesus.}}</ref><ref name="BruyneelPadgett2003">{{cite book|author1=Sally Bruyneel|author2=Alan G. Padgett|title=Introducing Christianity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HhratxerbcwC&pg=PA7|accessdate=2 September 2013|year=2003|publisher=Orbis Books|isbn=978-1-60833-134-5|page=7|quote=The Eastern Orthodox and thye Roman Catholic Churches are the oldest with roots going back to the earliest Christian groups.}}</ref><ref name="HubbardHatfield2007">{{cite book|author1=Benjamin Jerome Hubbard|author2=John T. Hatfield|author3=James A. Santucci|title=An Educator's Classroom Guide to America's Religious Beliefs and Practices|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UWBIuX7TPk8C&pg=PA63|accessdate=2 September 2013|year=2007|publisher=Libraries Unlimited|isbn=978-1-59158-409-4|page=63|quote=The Orthodox Church traces its origins to the churches founded by the apostles in the Middle East and the Balkans in the first century.}}</ref><ref name="Plummer2012">{{cite book|author=Robert L. Plummer|title=Journeys of Faith: Evangelicalism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism and Anglicanism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IMhir6agIEcC&pg=PT128|accessdate=2 September 2013|date=6 March 2012|publisher=Zondervan|isbn=978-0-310-41671-5|page=128|quote=Catholicism holds that if a Church claims to be Christian, then it must be able to show that its leaders-its bishops and its presbyters (or priests)- are successors of the apostles. That is why the Catholic Church accepts Eastern Orthodox ordinations and sacraments as valid, even though Eastern Orthodoxy is not in full communion with Rome.}}</ref><ref name="DyrnessKärkkäinen2009">{{cite book|author1=William A. Dyrness|author2=Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen|title=Global Dictionary of Theology: A Resource for the Worldwide Church|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ncqkZnDSeo4C&pg=PA244|accessdate=2 September 2013|date=25 September 2009|publisher=InterVarsity Press|isbn=978-0-8308-7811-6|page=244|quote=This connection is apparent through the historical succession of bishops of churches in a particular geographic locale and by fidelity to the teachings of the apostles (cf. Acts 2:42) and life as it developed in the patristic tradition and was articulated by the seven ecumenical councils.}}</ref><ref name="Campbell2010">{{cite book|author=Heidi A Campbell|title=When Religion Meets New Media|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UqOKUVsazmkC&pg=PA13|accessdate=2 September 2013|date=22 March 2010|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-203-69537-1|page=13|quote=There are three branches within Christianity: Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Protestant. ... The Christian church draws its lineage and roots from the time of Jesus Christ and the apostles in CE 25–30 and the birth of the Church at Pentecost in ...}}</ref><ref name="Doniger1999">{{cite book|author=Wendy Doniger|title=Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZP_f9icf2roC&pg=PA309|accessdate=2 September 2013|date=January 1999|publisher=Merriam-Webster|isbn=978-0-87779-044-0|page=309|quote= EASTERN ORTHODOXY, one of the major branches of CHRISTIANITY, characterized by its continuity with the apostolic church, its liturgy, and its territorial churches.}}</ref>，它保留了许多古代教会的传统。<ref name="Doniger1999"/> 希腊正教以及普世正教会不像[[天主教]]一样以单一主教管辖，如[[教宗]]，而是由多个自主教会组成一个群集。并由君士坦丁堡普世牧首为平等的精神领袖。

现今有部分希腊东正教徒，其祖先历史可以追溯到拜占庭和[[奥斯曼王朝|奥斯曼]]时期，他们的祖先使用[[阿拉伯语|阿拉伯语]]或[[希腊语|希腊语]]，生活在[[土耳其]]南部、[[以色列]]、[[巴勒斯坦国|巴勒斯坦]]、[[伊拉克]]、[[叙利亚|叙利亚]]、[[黎巴嫩]]、[[约旦|约旦]]和[[埃及]]。他们使用阿拉伯语且保持了拜占庭的希腊文化传统。<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=JBqWbDmFsfEC&pg=PA159&dq=Yunastan&lr= ''Byzantium'' in ''Encyclopedia of historians and historical writing'' Vol. 1, Kelly Boyd (ed.), Fitzroy Dearborn publishers, 1999] {{Wayback|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JBqWbDmFsfEC&pg=PA159&dq=Yunastan&lr= |date=20190610062333 }} ISBN 978-1-884964-33-6</ref><ref>Edwin Pears, The destruction of the Greek Empire and the story of the capture of Constantinople by the Turks, Haskell House, 1968</ref><ref name="Millar 2006 279 pages">{{cite book | last =Millar | first =Fergus | title =A Greek Roman Empire : power and belief under Theodosius II (408–450) | url =https://archive.org/details/greekromanempire00ferg | publisher =University of California Press | year =2006 | isbn = 0-520-24703-5 | page= [https://archive.org/details/greekromanempire00ferg/page/279 279] pages }}</ref> 君士坦丁堡在基督教创立以来的前八个世纪，其在[[罗马帝国]]的影响范围内是基督教最重要的智慧，文化和社会发展与传承中心<ref name="Millar 2006 279 pages"/><ref>Tanner, Norman P. The Councils of the Church, ISBN 978-0-8245-1904-9</ref><ref>The Byzantine legacy in the Orthodox Church by John Meyendorff – 1982</ref><ref>Hugh Wybrew, The Orthodox liturgy: the development of the eucharistic liturgy in the Byzantine rite – 1990</ref> ，而今日希腊正教的大多数仪式、传统和做法至今仍然在[[君士坦丁堡]]教会运作。于公元10世纪，希腊正教使得[[斯拉夫人|斯拉夫民族]]开始发展文明以及与其他欧洲国家接触，并发展出了斯拉夫正教会礼仪。<ref>The Christian Churches of the East, Vol. II: Churches Not in Communion with Rome by Donald Attwater – 1962</ref><ref>J Meyendorff, Byzantine Theology: Historical Trends and Doctrinal Themes (1987)</ref> <ref name="ReferenceA">Joan M. Hussey, The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire, 1990</ref><ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name="ReferenceB">A. P. Vlasto, Entry of Slavs Christendom – 1970</ref><ref name="ReferenceB"/><ref>Andreĭ Lazarov Pantev, Bŭlgarska istorii︠a︡ v evropeĭski kontekst – 2000</ref>