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唐納·基恩

增加 19,860 位元組, 3 年前
创建页面,内容为“<div style="float:right; margin:-10px 0 0 10px"> {| class="wikitable" ! <p style="background: #0088A8; color: #FFFFFF; margin:auto; padding:5px 0; "> 唐纳德·…”
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{| class="wikitable"

! <p style="background: #0088A8; color: #FFFFFF; margin:auto; padding:5px 0; "> 唐纳德·基恩 </p>

|-

|<center><img src="http://chobe.main.jp/folder_hosomichi/tr_basho/image_basho/ph_dr_keene.jpg" width="280" > </center>

<small>[http://chobe.main.jp/folder_hosomichi/tr_basho/page_donald_keene.html 圖片來自chobe.main] <br>

'''出生'''    1922年6月18日 美國紐約<br>

'''逝世'''    2019年2月24日(96歲)日本東京都<br>

'''公民權'''   日本<br>
</small>

|}

</div>
'''唐纳德·基恩'''({{lang-en|Donald Keene}};{{lang-ja|ドナルド・キーン}} ,{{bd|1922年|6月18日|2019年|2月24日|Keene, Donald}}),日本籍[[美國|美國裔]][[日本学]]学者、教师、作家、[[日本文学]]文化翻译家<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=IWdZTaJdc6UC&pg=PA279&dq=%22Keene,+Donald%22+june+1922&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj0ibz99_zbAhXVHTQIHdd3AkcQ6AEILDAB#v=onepage&q=%22Keene%2C%20Donald%22%20june%201922&f=false |title=存档副本 |accessdate=2019-11-02 |archive-date=2018-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701083604/https://books.google.ca/books?id=IWdZTaJdc6UC&pg=PA279&dq=%22Keene%2C+Donald%22+june+1922&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj0ibz99_zbAhXVHTQIHdd3AkcQ6AEILDAB#v=onepage&q=%22Keene%2C%20Donald%22%20june%201922&f=false |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Japanese literature scholar Donald Keene dies at 96 |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/02/24/national/japanese-literature-scholar-donald-keene-dies-96/#.XHHxcudS-Co |work=[[The Japan Times]] |location=[[Tokyo]] |date=February 24, 2019 |access-date=February 24, 2019 |archive-date=2019-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227015700/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/02/24/national/japanese-literature-scholar-donald-keene-dies-96/#.XHHxcudS-Co |dead-url=no }}</ref>。基恩曾在[[美国]][[哥伦比亚大学]]任教超过50年。2011年[[東日本大地震]]之后,他从哥伦比亚大学退休,[[永久居留權|永久迁居]]日本并[[歸化]]日本国籍,使用自己名字的[[片假名]]拼音做為歸化後的[[戶籍]]姓名<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/03/world/asia/with-citizenship-japan-embraces-columbia-scholar.html?pagewanted=1&ref=world&_r=0 |publisher=纽约时报 |title=Lifelong Scholar of the Japanese Becomes One of Them |author=MARTIN FACKLER |date=2012-11-02 |accessdate=2012-11-03 |archive-date=2020-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929012053/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/03/world/asia/with-citizenship-japan-embraces-columbia-scholar.html?pagewanted=1&ref=world&_r=0 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。另以[[鬼怒川]]與[[鳴門]]取漢字雅號「'''鬼怒鳴門'''」({{jpn|j=鬼怒 鳴門|hg=キーン ドナルド|rm=Kīn Donarudo|link=no}}),發音與自己的本名相同<ref name="20120308-OYT1T01125">{{Cite news |url=http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/national/culture/news/20120308-OYT1T01125.htm |title=「鬼怒鳴門」と申します、よろしくお願いします |newspaper=YOMIURI ONLINE |publisher=読売新聞社 |date=2012-03-08 |accessdate=2012-03-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311034320/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/national/culture/news/20120308-OYT1T01125.htm |archivedate=2012-03-11 |deadurldate=2017年9月 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

==生平==
唐纳德·基恩出生於美國紐約市[[布魯克林]]。九歲那年,和父親一起去[[歐洲]]旅行,唐纳德·基恩對學習[[法語]]等外語變得非常感興趣。 後來由於父母離異,於母子家庭中成長。1938年,唐纳德·基恩進入哥倫比亞大學文學院。

在哥倫比亞大學,他受到馬克·範·多倫(Mark Van Doren)和萊昂內爾·託林(Lionel Torring)影響。 大約在同一時間,Van Doren的演講使他熟識[[中國]]學生,他因此學習[[中文]],尤其是漢字。

1940年(昭和15年),唐纳德·基恩在[[時代廣場]]以49美分購買[[亞瑟·偉利]]翻譯的《[[源氏物語]]》。他開始研究[[日語]],以擴展對[[漢字]]的興趣,並在[[角田柳作]]領導下研究了日本思想的歷史。他於1942年獲得哥倫比亞大學的學士學位。他曾在哥倫比亞大學學習[[法國文學]],但由於“研究日本的研究者比法國少”,所以與保羅·布魯姆(Paul.Charles.Blum)前往日本學習。

1941年12月,日本與美國之間的戰爭爆發後,他進入[[美國海軍]]的日語學校,在太平洋戰線擔任日語翻譯。

1943年4月,唐纳德·基恩第一個當任戰俘[[豐田穣]]的口譯員,他後來成為作家。豐田穣以海軍飛行員的身份參加了[[伊號作戰]],並轉移到拉包爾。4月7日,他襲擊了[[瓜達爾卡納爾島]]機場,並在[[所羅門群島]]遭到美軍擊落。

後來,隨著[[茅舍行動]]的進行,因日軍醫生在[[基斯卡島]]撤離行動期間惡作劇留下的立牌“[[鼠疫]]病人收容所”,美軍緊急訂購大量鼠疫疫苗。唐纳德·基恩也被懷疑感染了鼠疫,被送往戰線的後方。

1945年5月,唐纳德·基恩加入[[沖繩戰役]]。此外,[[奧蒂斯·塞里]](Otis Ceri,後任同誌社大學榮譽教授)和[[伊凡·莫里斯]](Ivan Morris)是他在美國軍隊口譯時代的朋友。

回到哥倫比亞大學後,他於1947年在[[角田柳作]]的指導下獲得了碩士學位。同年,他於哈佛大學求學,並接受了謝爾蓋·愛麗舍夫(Sergei Elyseev)的教導。1948年(昭和23年)開始,唐纳德·基恩到[[劍橋大學]]學習5年之久,並同時擔任講師。大約在這個時候,他認識[[E·M·福斯特]]與亞瑟·偉利。在此期間,他於1949年完成了哥倫比亞大學東方研究院的博士學位。

1953年,他在[[京都大學]]留學,在京都東山區認識了[[永井道雄]]與[[嶋中鵬二]]。他於1955年成為哥倫比亞大學的副教授,之後成為教授,然後於1992年(昭和62年)成為名譽教授。

1986年,唐納德·基恩日本文化中心在哥倫比亞大學成立。自1999年以來,他一直擔任唐納德·基恩基金會(Donald Keene Foundation)的總裁。 2006年11月1日,他呼籲[[源氏物語千年紀]]。

2008年,唐納德·基恩獲得文化勳章。2014年,唐納德·基恩成為京都的名譽大使。自2017年以來,唐納德·基恩擔任[[田原市]][[博物館]]館長。

2011年,日本發生[[東日本大地震]],經過審慎思考,他提出申請加入日本籍,永久居住在日本。

2019年(平成31年)2月24日,唐納德·基恩病逝於東京都,追贈[[従三位]]<ref>[https://www.nippon.com/en/news/l10874/literature-scholar-donald-keene-dies-at-96.html Literature Scholar Donald Keene Dies at 96],nippon, 25Feb2019</ref>。


==著作==
===英語著作===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! 原文書名 !! 翻譯書名

|-
| ''The Battles of Coxinga: Chikamatsu's Puppet Play, Its Background and Importance'' (Taylor's Foreign Pr, 1951)
||

|-
| ''The Japanese Discovery of Europe: Honda Toshiaki and other discoverers 1720–1952'' (Routledge and K. Paul, 1952)
|| 日本人の西洋発見 (錦正社, 1957). Jp trans. 藤田豊 & 大沼雅彦
''nihonjin no seiyou hakken''
日本人の西洋発見 (中公叢書, 1968). Jp trans. 芳賀徹訳 [?trans of 2nd ed]
|-
| ''Japanese Literature an Introduction for Western Readers'' (Grove Pr, June 1, 1955)
||
|-
| ''Modern Japanese Literature: An Anthology'' (Grove Pr, June 1, 1956)
||
|-
| ''Living Japan'' (Doubleday, 1959)
|| 生きている日本 (朝日出版社, 1973). Jp trans. 江藤淳 & 足立康
''ikiteiru nihon''
Revised edition published as 果てしなく美しい日本 (講談社学術文庫, 2002). Jp trans.  足立康改 [?mistake. ?Separate work]
|-
| ''Major Plays of Chikamatsu'' (Columbia University Press, January 1, 1961)
||
|-
| ''[[Four Major Plays of Chikamatsu]]'' (Columbia University Press, June 1, 1961)
||
|-
| Donald Keene, Kaneko Hiroshi (photography) & Jun'ichirō Tanizaki (introduction), ''Bunraku: The Art of the Japanese Puppet Theatre'' (kodansha International, 1965)
|| 文楽 (講談社, 1966). Jp trans. 吉田健一
''bunraku''
|-
| ''Japanese Discovery of Europe, 1720–1830''. Revised/2nd ed. (Stanford University Press, June 1, 1969)
||
|-
| The Manyoushu (Columbia University Press, 1969)
||
|-
| ''Twenty Plays of the Noh Theatre'' (Columbia University Press, June 1, 1970)
||
|-
| ''War-Wasted Asia: letters, 1945–46'' (Kodansha International, 1975)
|| 昨日の戦地から (中央公論新社, 2006). Jp trans. 松宮史朗.
''kinou no senchi kara''
|-
| ''World Within Walls: Japanese Literature of the Pre-Modern Era, 1600–1867'' (Henry Holt & Co, October 1, 1976)
Second book in the "A History of Japanese Literature" series
|| 日本文学史 近世篇, 2 vols. (中央公論社, 1976–77). Jp trans. 徳岡孝夫訳
''nihon bungakushi kinseihen''
|-
| ''Landscapes and Portraits: Appreciations of Japanese culture'' (Kodansha International, 1978)
||
|-
| ''Meeting with Japan'' (学生社, 1979)
|| 日本との出会い (中央公論社, 1972). Jp trans. 篠田 一士
''nihon tono deai''
|-
| ''Some Japanese Portraits'' (Kodansha Amer Inc, March 1, 1978/9)
|| 日本文学散歩 (朝日選書, 1975). Jp trans. 篠田 一士
''nihon bungaku sanpo''
|-
| ''Travels in Japan'' (Gakuseisha, 1981)
|| 日本細見 (中央公論社, 1980). Jp trans. ??
nihonsaiken''
|-
| ''Dawn to the West: Japanese Literature of the Modern Era; Fiction'' (Holt Rinehart & Winston, April 1, 1984)
Third book in the "A History of Japanese Literature" series
||
|-
| * ''Dawn to the West: Japanese Literature in the Modern Era; Poetry, Drama, Criticism'' (Holt Rinehart & Winston, April 1, 1984)
Fourth book in the "A History of Japanese Literature" series
||
|-
| ''Dawn to the West: Japanese Literature in the Modern Era'' (Henry Holt & Co, September 1, 1987)
||
|-
| ''[[The Pleasures of Japanese Literature]]'' (Columbia University Press, October 1, 1988; {{ISBN|0-231-06736-4}})
|| 古典の愉しみ (JICC, 1992). Jp trans. 大庭みな子
''koten no tanoshimi''
Later published by 宝島社, 2000.
|-
| Donald Keene with Herbert E. Plutschow, ''Introducing Kyoto'' (Kodansha Amer Inc, April 1, 1989)
||
|-
| ''[[Travelers of a Hundred Ages]]: The Japanese As Revealed Through 1,000 Years of Diaries'' (Diane Pub Co, June 1, 1989)
|| 百代の過客 日記にみる日本人 (朝日選書, 1984 and 1988). Jp trans. 金関寿夫
''hyakudai no kakaku: nikkini miru nihonjin''
Later published by Asahi, 2011 and 2012. [?trans of revised edition]
|-
| ''Modern Japanese Novels and the West'' (Umi Research Pr, July 1, 1989)
||
|-
| ''No and Bunraku: Two Forms of Japanese Theatre'' (Columbia University Press, December 1, 1990)
|| 能・文楽・歌舞伎 (講談社, 2001). Jp trans. 吉田 健一 & 松宮史朗
''noh, bungaku, kabuki''
|-
| ''Appreciations of Japanese Culture'' (Kodansha Amer Inc, April 1, 1991)
||
|-
| Donald Keene with Ooka Makoto, ''The Colors of Poetry: Essays in Classic Japanese Verse'' (Katydid Books, May 1, 1991)
||
|-
| ''Travelers of a Hundred Ages'' (Henry Holt & Co, August 1, 1992)
||
|-
| ''[[Seeds in the Heart: Japanese Literature from Earliest Times to the Late Sixteenth Century]]'' (Henry Holt & Co, June 1, 1993)
First book in the "A History of Japanese Literature" series
||
|-
| ''On Familiar Terms: A Journey Across Cultures'' (Kodansha Amer Inc, January 1, 1994)
Reworking of the 1990–1992 Japanese newspaper column.
|| このひとすじにつながりて (朝日選書, 1993). Jp trans. 金関 寿夫
''kono hitosuji ni tsunagarite''
|-
| ''Modern Japanese Diaries: The Japanese at Home and Abroad As Revealed Through Their Diaries'' (Henry Holt & Co, March 1, 1995)
Later published by Columbia University Press, 1999 [?revised edition]
Japanese edition published first.
||

|-
| ''The Blue-Eyed Tarokaja: A Donald Keene Anthology'' (Columbia University Press, June 1, 1996). Editor. J. Thomas Rimer
|| 碧い眼の太郎冠者
''aoi me no taroukaja''
|-
| ''On Familiar Terms: To Japan and Back, a Lifetime Across Cultures'' (Kodansha Amer Inc, April 1, 1996)
||
|-
| もう一つの母国、日本へ - Living in Two Countries (Kodansha International, 1999). Jp trans. 塩谷紘
English and Japanese bilingual text
||
|-
| Donald Keene with Anne Nishimura & Frederic A. Sharf, ''Japan at the Dawn of the Modern Age: Woodblock Prints from the Meija Era, 1868-1912'' (Museum of Fine Arts Boston, May 1, 2001)
||
|-
| ''Sources of Japanese Tradition: From Earliest Times to 1600'' compiled by Donalde Keen, Wm. Theodore De Bary, George Tanabe and Paul Varley (Columbia University Press, May 1, 2001)
||
|-
| ''Emperor of Japan: Meiji and His World, 1852–1912'' (Columbia University Press, April 1, 2002)
|| 明治天皇 (新潮社, 2001). Jp trans. 角地 幸男.
''meiji tennou''
Also published in 4 volumes, 2007.
|-
| Donald Keene with Lee Bruschke-Johnson & Ann Yonemura, ''Masterful Illusions: Japanese Prints from the Anne Van Biema Collection'' (University of Washington Pr, September 1, 2002)
||
|-
| ''Five Modern Japanese Novelists'' (Columbia University Press, December 1, 2002)
|| 思い出の作家たち―谷崎・川端・三島・安部・司馬 (新潮社, 2005). Jp trans. 松宮史朗
''omoide no sakkatachi: Tanizaki, Kawabata, Mishima, Abe, Shiba''
|-
| ''Yoshimasa and the Silver Pavilion: The Creation of the Soul of Japan'' (Columbia University Press, November 1, 2003)
|| 足利義政と銀閣寺 (中央公論新社, 2008). Jp trans. 角地 幸男.
''Yoshimasa to ginkakuji''
|-
| '' Frog In The Well: Portraits of Japan by Watanabe Kazan 1793–1841 (Asia Perspectives),(Columbia Univ. Press, 2006)
|| 渡辺崋山 (新潮社, 2007). Jp trans. 角地 幸男
''Watanabe Kazan''
|-
| ''Chronicles of My Life: An American in the Heart of Japan.'' (Columbia University Press, 2008)
|| 私と20世紀のクロニカル』 (中央公論新社, 2007)
''watashi to 20 seiki no kuronikaru''
Later published as ドナルド・キーン自伝 (中公公論新社, 2011). Jp trans. 角地幸男
''Un Occidental En Japon'' (Nocturna Ediciones, 2011). Es trans. José Pazó Espinosa
|-
| ''So Lovely A Country Will Never Perish: Wartime Diaries of Japanese Writers'' (Columbia University Press, 2010)
|| ? 日本人の戦争 作家の日記を読む (文藝春秋, 2009). Jp trans. 角地幸男
''nihonjin no sensou: sakka no nikki wo yomu''
|-
| The Winter Sun Shines In: A Life of Masaoka Shiki (Columbia University Press, 2013)
|| 正岡子規 (新潮社, 2012). Jp trans. 角地 幸男
''Masaoka Shiki''

|}

===日語著作===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| 日本の文学 (筑摩書房, 1963). Jp trans. 吉田健一
''nihonbungaku''
|-
| 日本の作家 (中央公論社, 1972)
''nihon no sakka''
|-
| Kobo Abe and Donald Keene, 反劇的人間 (中公新書,1973)
''hangekiteki ningen''. In conversation with Kobo Abe
|-
| Ooka Shouhei and Donald Keene, 東と西のはざまで 大岡昇平と対談 (朝日出版社, 1973)
''higashi to nishi no haza made'. In conversation with Ooka Shouhei
|-
| Tokuoka Takao and Donald Keene, 悼友紀行 三島由紀夫の作品風土 (中央公論社, 1973)
|-
| ドナルド・キーンの日本文学散歩. Column in Asahi Weekly 週刊朝日, 8th Jan 1957 - 26th Sept 1975
''Donarudo Kiin no nihonbungaku sanpo''
|-
| ドナルド・キーンの音盤風刺花伝 (音楽之友社, 1977)
Later published as わたしの好きなレコード
''watashi no sukina rekoodo''
|-
|日本文学を読む (新潮選書, 1977)
''nihonbungaku wo yomu''
|-
| 日本の魅力 対談集 (中央公論社, 1979)
''nihongo no miryoku''. A collection of conversation.
|-
| 日本を理解するまで (新潮社, 1979) [?trans]
''nihon wo rikaisuru made''
|-
| 日本文学のなかへ (文藝春秋, 1979)
''nihonbungaku no nakahe''
|-
| 音楽の出会いとよろこび (音楽之友社, 1980). Jp trans. 中矢 一義.
''ongaku no deai to yorokobi''
Later published by 中央公論社 1992.
|-
| ついさきの歌声 (中央公論社, 1981) Jp trans. 中矢一義訳
''tsuisaki no utagoe''
|-
| 私の日本文学逍遥 (新潮社, 1981)
''watashi no nihonbungaku shouyou''
|-
| 日本人の質問 (朝日選書, 1983)
''nihonjin no shitsumon''
|-
| 百代の過客 日記にみる日本人. Column in the Asahi Evening News, 4th Jul 1983 - 13th Apr 1984.
''hyakudai no kakaku: nikki nimiru nihonjin''
|-
| Ryotaro Shiba and Donald Keene, ''日本人と日本文化 司馬遼太郎との対談'' (中公新書, 1972, 1984)
''nihonjin to nihonbunka: conversations with Ryotaro Shiba''
Later published as 世界のなかの日本 十六世紀まで遡って見る 司馬遼太郎対談 (中央公論社, 1992)
''sakai no naka no nihon: juurokuseiki made sakanobattemiru''. In conversation with Ryotaro Shiba.
|-
| 少し耳の痛くなる話 (新潮社, 1986)
''sukoshi mimi no itakunaru hanashi''
|-
| 二つの母国に生きて ([[Asahi Shimbun|Asahi]], 1987) [?trans. 塩谷紘]
''futatsu no bokoku ni ikite'' [Living in two countries]
|-
| このひとすじにつながりて. Column in the Asahi Evening News, 7th Jan 1990 - 9th Feb 1992.
''kono hitosushi ni tsunagarite''
|-
| 古典を楽しむ 私の日本文学 (朝日選書, 1990)
''koden wo tanoshimu: watashi no nihonbungaku''
|-
| 日本人の美意識 (中央公論, 1990)
''nihonjin no biishiki''
|-
| 声の残り 私の文壇交遊録 (Asahi, 1992)
''koe no nokori: watashi no bundankouyuuroku'' [Remaining voices: Record of my literary circle]
|-
| Yukio Mishima & Donald Keene (editor), 三島由紀夫未発表書簡 ドナルド・キーン氏宛の97通 (中央公論社, 1998)
''Mishima Yukio mihappyoushokan'' 97 letters addressed to Donald Keene
|-
| 日本語の美 (中公文庫, 2000) [?trans]
''nihongo no bi'' [The beauty of Japanese]
|-
| 明治天皇を語る (新潮新書, 2003).
''meijiennnou wo kataru'' [Stories of the Emperor Meiji]. Based on a series of lectures.
|-
| 日本文学は世界のかけ橋 (たちばな, 2003)
''nihonbungaku ha sekai no kakebashi''
|-
| Jakucho Setouchi, Donald Keene & Shunsuke Tsurumi, 同時代を生きて 忘れえぬ人びと (岩波書店, 2004)
''doujidai wo ikite wasureenu hitobito''
|-
| 私の大事な場所 (中央公論新社, 2005/2010)
''watashi no daijina basho''
|-
| ドナルド・キーン著作集』(全15巻)(新潮社, 2011)
''donarudo kiin chosakushou (zen-15gan).
The collected works of Donald Keene (15 volumes) [excluding 日本文学史 ''The history of Japanese literature'']
|-
| Donald Keene & Koike Masayuki, 戦場のエロイカ・シンフォニー 私が体験した日米戦 (藤原書店, 2011)
''senjou no Eroica shinfonii: watashi ga keikenshita nichibeiikusa''
|-
| Donald Keene and Setouchi Jakuchou, 日本を、信じる (中央公論新社, 2012)
|-
| 私が日本人になった理由―日本語に魅せられて (PHP研究所, 2013)
''watashi ga nihonjin ni natta riyuu - nihongo ni miserarete''
|-
|Translation of the ''History of Japanese literature'' series
日本文学史
''nihonbungakushi''
* ''History of Japanese literature: Modern era'', published in 8 volumes, (中央公論社, 1984-1992). Jp trans. 角地幸男, 徳岡孝夫 & 新井潤美
* ''History of Japanese literature'', including modern era and pre-modern era, published in 18 volumes (中央公論社, 1994-1997). Jp trans for ''Pre-modern'': 土屋政雄
* ''History of Japanese literature: Modern era'', published in 9 volumes, 2011-2012'' (中央公論新社, 2011-2012). Editor. 徳岡 孝夫
|}

==参考资料==
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