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蔡美兒
,创建页面，内容为“{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin: -10px 0px 10px 20px; text-align:left" ! <p style="background: #0088A8; color: #FFFFFF; margin:auto; padding:5px 0;…”
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! <p style="background: #0088A8; color: #FFFFFF; margin:auto; padding:5px 0; "> '''蔡美儿 Amy Lynn Chua''' </p>
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|<center><img src="https://www.babelio.com/users/AVT_Amy-Chua_1058.jpeg" width="280"></center><small>[https://www.babelio.com/auteur/Amy-Chua/155957/photos 圖片來自babelio]
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'''蔡美儿'''（'''Amy Lynn Chua'''，{{bd|1962年|10月26日|catIdx=Chua, Amy}}），蔡少棠的千金，[[美國]][[華裔]][[律師]]、[[作家]]，[[耶魯法學院|耶鲁大学法学院]]「小約翰·M. 達夫」（John M. Duff Jr.）法学[[講座教授]]；國際暢銷書《[[虎媽的戰歌]]》、《大國興亡錄：全面透析歷史上羅馬、唐朝、蒙古等8個超級大國的起落興衰》、《政治部落：群體本能與國家命運》的作者；2011年[[時代百大人物|《時代》雜誌百大影響力人物]]，美國《[[大西洋 (雜誌)|大西洋月刊]]》勇敢的思想家之一，美國《[[外交政策 (杂志)|外交政策雜誌]]》全球外交政策思想家之一。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/completelist/0,29569,2066367,00.html |title=The 2011 TIME 100 |accessdate=2018-03-27 |archive-date=2018-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317110506/http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/completelist/0,29569,2066367,00.html |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Chua|first1=Amy|title=About Amy|url=https://www.amychua.com/|website=AmyChua.com|accessdate=2020-11-25|archive-date=2020-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201122174225/https://www.amychua.com/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
==生平==
蔡美兒出生於[[美国]][[伊利諾伊州]][[尚佩恩 (伊利諾伊州)|尚佩恩]]，父親為著名的「[[蔡氏電路]]」發明人[[蔡少棠]]教授，祖籍[[福建省]][[泉州]][[晉江]]。她原本在[[哈佛大學]]主修[[應用數學]]，後轉系主修經濟學，畢業後進入[[哈佛法學院]]取得[[法律博士]]學位。2001年，她在[[杜克大學法學院]]任教七年後，转入[[耶魯大學]]，成為耶魯法學院教授。在开始教学生涯中之前，她在{{link-en|佳利律師事務所|Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton}}擔任法務助理。她的專長是國際商業交易、法律與發展、種族衝突、全球化與法律。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://law.yale.edu/amy-chua|title=Amy Chua - Yale Law School|website=law.yale.edu|language=en|access-date=2018-10-07|archive-date=2017-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010185226/https://law.yale.edu/amy-chua|dead-url=no}}</ref>
2011年，蔡美兒出版《[[虎媽的戰歌]]》，回顾了她對兩個女兒的教育方式，并阐释她眼中的東亞式教育和美式教育的差异。2011年1月8日，[[华尔街日报]]節錄該書段落，登出文章《为什么華人妈妈更胜一筹？》（''Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior''）一文<ref>{{cite web|url = http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704111504576059713528698754.html|title = Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior|accessdate = 2011-01-28|author = 蔡美儿|date = 2011-01-08|language = en|publisher = [[华尔街日报]]|archive-date = 2011-02-13|archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/5wShJTTqn?url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704111504576059713528698754.html|dead-url = no}}</ref>，引起美国公众震动，赞许和非议不断，一时成为热门话题。《[[虎媽的戰歌]]》也因此被譯為30種語言，成為國際暢銷書。蔡美兒的史學和政治學著作《虎媽對全球化的預言：輸出自由市場與民主政治會換來種族仇恨和世界動盪》、《大國興亡錄：全面透析歷史上羅馬、唐朝、蒙古等8個超級大國的起落興衰》和《政治部落：群體本能與國家命運》也廣受關注。<ref name="SAGE"/><ref name="theguardian"/><ref name="nytimes"/><ref name="washingtonpost"/><ref name="ft"/><ref name="auto"/>
==著作==
{|class="wikitable sortable" width="50%"
|style="width:4%|'''出版年份'''||style="width:20%|'''中文書名（繁體版譯名為主）'''||style="width:18%|'''原文書名'''
|-
|2003年||虎媽對全球化的預言：輸出自由市場與民主政治會換來種族仇恨和世界動盪||{{link-en|World On Fire: How Exporting Free Market Democracy Breeds Ethnic Hatred and Global Instability.|World on Fire (book)}}
|-
|2009年||大國興亡錄：全面透析歷史上羅馬、唐朝、蒙古等8個超級大國的起落興衰 *（簡體版譯名）||{{link-en|Day of Empire: How Hyperpowers Rise to Global Dominance—and Why They Fall.|Day of Empire: How Hyperpowers Rise to Global Dominance - and Why They Fall}}
|-
|2011年||[[虎媽的戰歌]]||{{link-en|Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother}}.
|-
|2014年||虎媽的戰甲：三項黑暗人格特質，竟然讓人出類拔萃！||{{link-en|The Triple Package: How Three Unlikely Traits Explain the Rise and Fall of Cultural Groups in America}}.
|-
|2018年||政治部落：群體本能與國家命運 *（暫譯）||{{link-en|Political Tribes: Group Instinct and the Fate of Nations}}.
|}
蔡美兒寫過五本書：兩本國際事務研究的[[政治學]]史學著作，有關[[教育學]]的一本育兒回憶錄，一本關於美國[[少數民族]]文化及其與美國社會經濟成功的關係的[[政治經濟學]]著作，一本關於部落忠誠在[[美國政治]]和外交政策中的作用的專著。<ref name="auto">{{Cite book|url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/535371/political-tribes-by-amy-chua/9780399562853/|title=Political Tribes by Amy Chua {{!}} PenguinRandomHouse.com|language=en-US}}</ref>
=== 政治經濟學 ===
蔡美兒的第一本書《虎媽對全球化的預言：輸出[[自由市場]]與[[民主政治]]會換來種族仇恨和世界動盪》（2003年），<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.economist.com/node/2265895 | work=The Economist | title=Home entertainment | date=2003-12-04 | accessdate=2020-11-25 | archive-date=2020-11-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125133712/https://www.economist.com/books-and-arts/2003/12/04/home-entertainment | dead-url=no }}</ref>探討了在許多社會中由“市場主導的少數群體”的不相稱的經濟和政治影響而引起的[[種族衝突]]，以及由此產生的對較不富裕的大多數人的怨恨。蔡美兒的第一本書就成了《[[紐約時報]]》的暢銷書，被《[[經濟學人]]》選為2003年最佳書籍之一，並被{{tsl|en|Tony Giddens|托尼·吉登斯}}在《衛報》上評為“2003年政治讀物排行榜”之一。<ref name="theguardian">{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2003/dec/24/politicalbooks.books | location=London | work=The Guardian | title=Top political reads of the year | date=2003-12-24 | accessdate=2020-11-25 | archive-date=2020-11-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125133748/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2003/dec/24/politicalbooks.books | dead-url=no }}</ref>該書探討了自1989年以來，全球化和民主化如何影響市場主導的少數群體與廣大民眾之間的關係。
=== 教育學 ===
蔡美兒2011年1月出版的第三本書《虎媽的戰歌》是一本回憶錄，講述了她在育兒過程中運用了嚴格的[[儒家]]育兒技巧，她形容這是中國移民父母的典型。<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2011/jan/15/amy-chua-tiger-mother-interview | location=London | work=The Guardian | first=Heather | last=Hodson | title=Amy Chua: 'I'm going to take all your stuffed animals and burn them!' | date=2011-01-15 | accessdate=2020-11-25 | archive-date=2018-03-04 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304042012/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2011/jan/15/amy-chua-tiger-mother-interview | dead-url=no }}</ref>儘管這本書有時被解讀為育兒的指導手冊，但它被批判性地視為一種“在一刀切的教育理念下，孩子們如何變得叛逆和疏遠，而不管他們的個性或能力如何。”<ref name="telegraph">{{Cite newspaper|last1=Carey|first1=Tanith|title=Whatever happened to the original tiger mum's children?|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/life/whatever-happened-to-the-original-tiger-mums-children/|journal=The Telegraph|accessdate=2016-02-22|date=2016-01-17|archive-date=2020-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125133707/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/life/whatever-happened-to-the-original-tiger-mums-children/|dead-url=no}}</ref>這本書是在[[美國]]、[[韓國]]、[[波蘭]]、[[以色列]]、[[德國]]、[[英國]]和[[中國]]等國暢銷的國際暢銷書，已被翻譯成30種語言。<ref name="SAGE">{{cite book|last1=Zeiss Stange|first1=Mary|title=The Multimedia Encyclopedia of Women in Today's World|date=2013-01-09|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-1452270685|page=183}}<!--|accessdate=15 May 2015--></ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Chua|first1=Amy|title=The Book|url=http://amychua.com/the-book/|website=AmyChua.com|accessdate=2015-05-15|archive-date=2011-04-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110424140326/http://amychua.com/the-book/|dead-url=no}}</ref>這本書也受到了巨大的反響和媒體的關注，並引發了全球關於不同育兒技巧和培養這些技巧的文化態度的爭論。<ref>Emily Rauhala (14 August 2014) [http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2042535,00.html 'Tiger Mother': Are Chinese Moms Really So Different?] Time. Retrieved 8 March 2014</ref>此外，這本書在發行後引起了軒然大波，蔡美兒受到了死亡威脅，被指種族歧視，並要求以虐待兒童罪逮捕她。<ref name="Kira Cochrane">{{Cite newspaper | url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/feb/07/truth-about-tiger-mothers-family-amy-chua | title=The truth about the Tiger Mother's family | journal=The Guardian | date=2014-02-07 | accessdate=2014-07-14 | author=Kira Cochrane | archive-date=2017-11-16 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116064922/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/feb/07/truth-about-tiger-mothers-family-amy-chua | dead-url=no }}</ref>
蔡美兒也出現在作家{{tsl|en|J.D.Vance|J.D.萬斯}}的回憶錄和暢銷書《絕望者之歌》（''{{tsl|en|絕望者之歌}}''）中。蔡美兒在耶魯的學生，萬斯寫道，蔡美兒給了他“有史以來最好的建議。”萬斯在該書的致謝中寫道：“除了蒂娜（Tina），這本書的存在最值得稱讚的人是蔡美兒，我的耶魯合同教授，她讓我相信我的人生和從中得出的結論都值得書寫出來。”萬斯認為蔡美兒是《絕望者之歌》一書的“權威教母”。<ref>{{cite book|last1=Vance|first1=J.D.|title=Hillbilly Elegy: A Memoir of a Family and Culture in Crisis|year=2016|url=https://archive.org/details/hillbillyelegyme0000vanc|publisher=Harper|page=[https://archive.org/details/hillbillyelegyme0000vanc/page/259 259]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/hillbilly-elegy-made-jd-vance-the-voice-of-the-rust-belt-but-does-he-want-that-job/2017/02/06/fa6cd63c-e882-11e6-80c2-30e57e57e05d_story.html | work=Washington Post | title='Hillbilly Elegy' made J.D. Vance the voice of the Rust Belt. But does he want that job? | date=2017-02-07 | accessdate=2020-03-13 | first=Karen | last=Heller | archive-date=2020-11-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125133721/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/hillbilly-elegy-made-jd-vance-the-voice-of-the-rust-belt-but-does-he-want-that-job/2017/02/06/fa6cd63c-e882-11e6-80c2-30e57e57e05d_story.html | dead-url=no }}</ref>
=== 倫理政治學 ===
蔡美兒第四本書是與丈夫{{tsl|en|Jed Rubenfeld|傑德·魯本菲爾德}}<ref>{{Cite newspaper|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/feb/07/truth-about-tiger-mothers-family-amy-chua|title=The truth about the Tiger Mother's family|first=Kira|last=Cochrane|date=2014-02-07|journal=The Guardian|accessdate=2020-11-25|archive-date=2017-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116064922/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/feb/07/truth-about-tiger-mothers-family-amy-chua|dead-url=no}}</ref>合著的《虎媽的戰甲：三項黑暗人格特質，竟然讓人出類拔萃！》（2014年2月出版）。<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Triple Package: How Three Unlikely Traits Explain the Rise and Fall of Cultural Groups in America|url=https://archive.org/details/triplepackagehow0000chua|first1=Amy|last1=Chua|first2=Jed|last2=Rubenfeld|date=2014-02-04|publisher=Penguin Press|isbn = 978-1594205460}}</ref>這本書受到了許多消息來源的好評。為《[[金融时报_(英国)|金融時報]]》撰文的露西·凱拉韋（Lucy Kellaway）稱之為“我見過的最具普遍性的成功理論”。<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kellaway|first1=Lucy|title=Lessons in success from Eton and the Tiger Mother|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/b8dc242c-8e83-11e3-98c6-00144feab7de.htm|website=FT.com|publisher=Financial Times|accessdate=2014-10-04|archive-date=2020-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125133749/https://www.ft.com/content/b8dc242c-8e83-11e3-98c6-00144feab7de|dead-url=no}}</ref>《[[衛報]]》稱讚這本書“對各種民族和文化群體的成見和期望的影響進行了令人大開眼界的研究……”<ref>{{Cite newspaper|last1=Brockes|first1=Emily|title=The Triple Package: What Really Determines Success – review|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/05/the-triple-package-what-really-determines-success-book-review|journal=The Guardian|accessdate=2014-10-04|date=2014-02-05|archive-date=2020-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125133708/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/05/the-triple-package-what-really-determines-success-book-review|dead-url=no}}</ref>這本書也因為一些人所說的文化成見而受到批評。<ref>{{cite news | url=http://shine.yahoo.com/parenting/tiger-mom-39-book-stirs-culture-wars-195300564.html | work=Yahoo Shine | title=Tiger Mom's New Book Stirs Up Culture Wars | date=2014-01-07 | accessdate=2020-11-25 | archive-date=2020-11-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125133713/https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/tagged/health/parenting/tiger-mom-39-book-stirs-culture-wars-195300564.html | dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/01/06/amy-chua-the-triple-package_n_4549612.html | work=The Huffington Post | title=Amy Chua In 'The Triple Package' Claims Jews and Mormons Produce More Successful People | date=2014-01-06 | accessdate=2020-03-13 | first=Yasmine | last=Hafiz | archive-date=2020-11-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125133749/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/amy-chua-the-triple-package_n_4549612 | dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Flood|first1=Alison|title='Tiger mother' returns with provocative theory of 'cultural group' success|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/jan/08/tiger-mother-theory-cultural-group-jews-chinese|work=The Guardian|date=2014-01-08|language=en|accessdate=2020-11-25|archive-date=2020-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112020913/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/jan/08/tiger-mother-theory-cultural-group-jews-chinese|dead-url=no}}</ref> 喬舒亞·哈特（Joshua Hart）和{{tsl|en|Christopher Chabris|克里斯托弗·查布里斯}}的一項實證研究發現，“‘虎媽的戰甲’（Triple Package，三重戰甲）理論的證據很少。”<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hart|first1=Joshua|last2=Chabris|first2=Christopher F.|title=Does a "Triple Package" of traits predict success?|journal=Personality and Individual Differences|date=2016|volume=94|pages=216–222|doi=10.1016/j.paid.2015.12.041}}</ref>
=== 歷史政治學 ===
蔡美儿的第二本書《大國興亡錄：全面透析歷史上[[羅馬]]、[[唐朝]]、[[蒙古]]等8個超級大國的起落興衰》（2007年），探討了七個主要帝國，並認為它們的成功取決於它們對少數民族的寬容。<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/da-guo-xing-wang-lu-quan-mian-tou-xi-li-shi-shang-luoma-tang-chao-menggu-deng-8-ge-chao-ji-da-guo-de-qi-luo-xing-shuai/oclc/876770793&referer=brief_results|title=大國興亡錄：全面透析歷史上羅馬、唐朝、蒙古等8個超級大國的起落興衰，新世界出版社，2013|author=蔡美儿|ISBN=9787510443190|publisher=World Cat|accessdate=2020-11-25|archive-date=2020-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125133709/https://www.worldcat.org/title/da-guo-xing-wang-lu-quan-mian-tou-xi-li-shi-shang-luoma-tang-chao-menggu-deng-8-ge-chao-ji-da-guo-de-qi-luo-xing-shuai/oclc/876770793%26referer%3Dbrief_results|dead-url=no}}</ref>
2018年2月，蔡美兒的第五本書出版。《政治部落：群體本能與國家命運》一書的主題是，對群體的忠誠往往超過[[意識形態]]的考慮。她探討了未能意識到這一點對美國外交政策的失敗和[[唐納德·特朗普]]在國內崛起的影響。這本書受到了來自各個[[政治派別]]的壓倒性好評。為《紐約時報》撰文的{{tsl|en|David Frum|大衛·弗魯姆}}稱讚蔡美兒願意接近“其他人通常會踮著腳尖走的禁區”。<ref name="nytimes">{{cite web |first=David |last=Frum |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/01/books/review/amy-chua-political-tribes.html |title=The Battle Over What It Means to Be American |publisher=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=2020-03-13 |date=2018-03-01 |archive-date=2020-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109031420/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/01/books/review/amy-chua-political-tribes.html |dead-url=no }}</ref> 《[[華盛頓郵報]]》形容這本書“緊湊、有洞察力、令人不安，但最終還是充滿希望”，{{tsl|en|Ezra Klein|埃茲拉·克萊恩}}在他的Vox播客上稱這本書“引人入勝”。<ref name="washingtonpost">Jonathan Rauch, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/have-our-tribes-become-more-important-than-our-country/2018/02/16/2f8ef9b2-083a-11e8-b48c-b07fea957bd5_story.html "Have our tribes become more important than our country?"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/have-our-tribes-become-more-important-than-our-country/2018/02/16/2f8ef9b2-083a-11e8-b48c-b07fea957bd5_story.html |date=20201125133724 }}, ''The Washington Post'', Retrieved 2018-03-30.</ref><ref>Ezra Klein, [https://www.vox.com/ezra-klein-show-podcast "The Ezra Klein Show"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.vox.com/ezra-klein-show-podcast |date=20180111164913 }}, ''The Ezra Klein Show'', 2018-02-26.</ref> 這本書受到了一些批評。 《衛報》稱之為“一本立意好的書，但未自圓其說”。<ref>{{Cite newspaper|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/feb/25/political-tribes-amy-chua-review|title=Political Tribes review – an unreliable guide to the American Dream|last=Anthony|first=Andrew|date=2018-02-25|journal=The Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-03-04|archive-date=2020-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125133752/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/feb/25/political-tribes-amy-chua-review|dead-url=no}}</ref> 《金融時報》稱這是“一本重要的書”，並支持蔡美兒的論點，“美國的[[自由主義]]精英未能承認自己的{{tsl|en|Tribalism|部落主義}}意識，為特朗普的崛起作出了貢獻”；但它也指出，書中沒有回答如何創建一個“非部落世界”的“關鍵問題”。<ref name="ft">{{cite web|last=Tett|first=Gillian|date=2018-02-21|title=Us and them: how America divided into tribes|url=https://www.ft.com/content/f4e18952-157b-11e8-9e9c-25c814761640|work=Financial Times|accessdate=2018-03-04|archive-date=2020-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125133753/https://www.ft.com/content/f4e18952-157b-11e8-9e9c-25c814761640|dead-url=no}}</ref>萬斯是蔡美兒的學生，也是《鄉間輓歌》的作者，他稱讚這本書，他說“政治部落是對傳統智慧的一種獨特的重要挑戰，寫得妙，可讀性很強。”<ref name="auto"/>
==参考注释==
{{reflist|30em}}
== 延伸閱讀 ==
*蔡美兒《虎媽戰歌》，張新華譯，[[中信出版社]]，北京，2011 ISBN 9787508626116
*蔡美兒《大國興亡錄：全面透析歷史上羅馬、唐朝、蒙古等8個超級大國的起落興衰》，劉海青，楊禮武譯，[[新世界出版社]]，北京，2013 ISBN 9787510443190
==外部链接==
*[http://www.law.yale.edu/faculty/AChua.htm 耶鲁大學法学院蔡美兒个人主页]
! <p style="background: #0088A8; color: #FFFFFF; margin:auto; padding:5px 0; "> '''蔡美儿 Amy Lynn Chua''' </p>
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|<center><img src="https://www.babelio.com/users/AVT_Amy-Chua_1058.jpeg" width="280"></center><small>[https://www.babelio.com/auteur/Amy-Chua/155957/photos 圖片來自babelio]
</small>
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'''蔡美儿'''（'''Amy Lynn Chua'''，{{bd|1962年|10月26日|catIdx=Chua, Amy}}），蔡少棠的千金，[[美國]][[華裔]][[律師]]、[[作家]]，[[耶魯法學院|耶鲁大学法学院]]「小約翰·M. 達夫」（John M. Duff Jr.）法学[[講座教授]]；國際暢銷書《[[虎媽的戰歌]]》、《大國興亡錄：全面透析歷史上羅馬、唐朝、蒙古等8個超級大國的起落興衰》、《政治部落：群體本能與國家命運》的作者；2011年[[時代百大人物|《時代》雜誌百大影響力人物]]，美國《[[大西洋 (雜誌)|大西洋月刊]]》勇敢的思想家之一，美國《[[外交政策 (杂志)|外交政策雜誌]]》全球外交政策思想家之一。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/completelist/0,29569,2066367,00.html |title=The 2011 TIME 100 |accessdate=2018-03-27 |archive-date=2018-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317110506/http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/completelist/0,29569,2066367,00.html |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Chua|first1=Amy|title=About Amy|url=https://www.amychua.com/|website=AmyChua.com|accessdate=2020-11-25|archive-date=2020-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201122174225/https://www.amychua.com/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
==生平==
蔡美兒出生於[[美国]][[伊利諾伊州]][[尚佩恩 (伊利諾伊州)|尚佩恩]]，父親為著名的「[[蔡氏電路]]」發明人[[蔡少棠]]教授，祖籍[[福建省]][[泉州]][[晉江]]。她原本在[[哈佛大學]]主修[[應用數學]]，後轉系主修經濟學，畢業後進入[[哈佛法學院]]取得[[法律博士]]學位。2001年，她在[[杜克大學法學院]]任教七年後，转入[[耶魯大學]]，成為耶魯法學院教授。在开始教学生涯中之前，她在{{link-en|佳利律師事務所|Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton}}擔任法務助理。她的專長是國際商業交易、法律與發展、種族衝突、全球化與法律。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://law.yale.edu/amy-chua|title=Amy Chua - Yale Law School|website=law.yale.edu|language=en|access-date=2018-10-07|archive-date=2017-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010185226/https://law.yale.edu/amy-chua|dead-url=no}}</ref>
2011年，蔡美兒出版《[[虎媽的戰歌]]》，回顾了她對兩個女兒的教育方式，并阐释她眼中的東亞式教育和美式教育的差异。2011年1月8日，[[华尔街日报]]節錄該書段落，登出文章《为什么華人妈妈更胜一筹？》（''Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior''）一文<ref>{{cite web|url = http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704111504576059713528698754.html|title = Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior|accessdate = 2011-01-28|author = 蔡美儿|date = 2011-01-08|language = en|publisher = [[华尔街日报]]|archive-date = 2011-02-13|archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/5wShJTTqn?url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704111504576059713528698754.html|dead-url = no}}</ref>，引起美国公众震动，赞许和非议不断，一时成为热门话题。《[[虎媽的戰歌]]》也因此被譯為30種語言，成為國際暢銷書。蔡美兒的史學和政治學著作《虎媽對全球化的預言：輸出自由市場與民主政治會換來種族仇恨和世界動盪》、《大國興亡錄：全面透析歷史上羅馬、唐朝、蒙古等8個超級大國的起落興衰》和《政治部落：群體本能與國家命運》也廣受關注。<ref name="SAGE"/><ref name="theguardian"/><ref name="nytimes"/><ref name="washingtonpost"/><ref name="ft"/><ref name="auto"/>
==著作==
{|class="wikitable sortable" width="50%"
|style="width:4%|'''出版年份'''||style="width:20%|'''中文書名（繁體版譯名為主）'''||style="width:18%|'''原文書名'''
|-
|2003年||虎媽對全球化的預言：輸出自由市場與民主政治會換來種族仇恨和世界動盪||{{link-en|World On Fire: How Exporting Free Market Democracy Breeds Ethnic Hatred and Global Instability.|World on Fire (book)}}
|-
|2009年||大國興亡錄：全面透析歷史上羅馬、唐朝、蒙古等8個超級大國的起落興衰 *（簡體版譯名）||{{link-en|Day of Empire: How Hyperpowers Rise to Global Dominance—and Why They Fall.|Day of Empire: How Hyperpowers Rise to Global Dominance - and Why They Fall}}
|-
|2011年||[[虎媽的戰歌]]||{{link-en|Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother}}.
|-
|2014年||虎媽的戰甲：三項黑暗人格特質，竟然讓人出類拔萃！||{{link-en|The Triple Package: How Three Unlikely Traits Explain the Rise and Fall of Cultural Groups in America}}.
|-
|2018年||政治部落：群體本能與國家命運 *（暫譯）||{{link-en|Political Tribes: Group Instinct and the Fate of Nations}}.
|}
蔡美兒寫過五本書：兩本國際事務研究的[[政治學]]史學著作，有關[[教育學]]的一本育兒回憶錄，一本關於美國[[少數民族]]文化及其與美國社會經濟成功的關係的[[政治經濟學]]著作，一本關於部落忠誠在[[美國政治]]和外交政策中的作用的專著。<ref name="auto">{{Cite book|url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/535371/political-tribes-by-amy-chua/9780399562853/|title=Political Tribes by Amy Chua {{!}} PenguinRandomHouse.com|language=en-US}}</ref>
=== 政治經濟學 ===
蔡美兒的第一本書《虎媽對全球化的預言：輸出[[自由市場]]與[[民主政治]]會換來種族仇恨和世界動盪》（2003年），<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.economist.com/node/2265895 | work=The Economist | title=Home entertainment | date=2003-12-04 | accessdate=2020-11-25 | archive-date=2020-11-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125133712/https://www.economist.com/books-and-arts/2003/12/04/home-entertainment | dead-url=no }}</ref>探討了在許多社會中由“市場主導的少數群體”的不相稱的經濟和政治影響而引起的[[種族衝突]]，以及由此產生的對較不富裕的大多數人的怨恨。蔡美兒的第一本書就成了《[[紐約時報]]》的暢銷書，被《[[經濟學人]]》選為2003年最佳書籍之一，並被{{tsl|en|Tony Giddens|托尼·吉登斯}}在《衛報》上評為“2003年政治讀物排行榜”之一。<ref name="theguardian">{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2003/dec/24/politicalbooks.books | location=London | work=The Guardian | title=Top political reads of the year | date=2003-12-24 | accessdate=2020-11-25 | archive-date=2020-11-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125133748/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2003/dec/24/politicalbooks.books | dead-url=no }}</ref>該書探討了自1989年以來，全球化和民主化如何影響市場主導的少數群體與廣大民眾之間的關係。
=== 教育學 ===
蔡美兒2011年1月出版的第三本書《虎媽的戰歌》是一本回憶錄，講述了她在育兒過程中運用了嚴格的[[儒家]]育兒技巧，她形容這是中國移民父母的典型。<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2011/jan/15/amy-chua-tiger-mother-interview | location=London | work=The Guardian | first=Heather | last=Hodson | title=Amy Chua: 'I'm going to take all your stuffed animals and burn them!' | date=2011-01-15 | accessdate=2020-11-25 | archive-date=2018-03-04 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304042012/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2011/jan/15/amy-chua-tiger-mother-interview | dead-url=no }}</ref>儘管這本書有時被解讀為育兒的指導手冊，但它被批判性地視為一種“在一刀切的教育理念下，孩子們如何變得叛逆和疏遠，而不管他們的個性或能力如何。”<ref name="telegraph">{{Cite newspaper|last1=Carey|first1=Tanith|title=Whatever happened to the original tiger mum's children?|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/life/whatever-happened-to-the-original-tiger-mums-children/|journal=The Telegraph|accessdate=2016-02-22|date=2016-01-17|archive-date=2020-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125133707/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/life/whatever-happened-to-the-original-tiger-mums-children/|dead-url=no}}</ref>這本書是在[[美國]]、[[韓國]]、[[波蘭]]、[[以色列]]、[[德國]]、[[英國]]和[[中國]]等國暢銷的國際暢銷書，已被翻譯成30種語言。<ref name="SAGE">{{cite book|last1=Zeiss Stange|first1=Mary|title=The Multimedia Encyclopedia of Women in Today's World|date=2013-01-09|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-1452270685|page=183}}<!--|accessdate=15 May 2015--></ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Chua|first1=Amy|title=The Book|url=http://amychua.com/the-book/|website=AmyChua.com|accessdate=2015-05-15|archive-date=2011-04-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110424140326/http://amychua.com/the-book/|dead-url=no}}</ref>這本書也受到了巨大的反響和媒體的關注，並引發了全球關於不同育兒技巧和培養這些技巧的文化態度的爭論。<ref>Emily Rauhala (14 August 2014) [http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2042535,00.html 'Tiger Mother': Are Chinese Moms Really So Different?] Time. Retrieved 8 March 2014</ref>此外，這本書在發行後引起了軒然大波，蔡美兒受到了死亡威脅，被指種族歧視，並要求以虐待兒童罪逮捕她。<ref name="Kira Cochrane">{{Cite newspaper | url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/feb/07/truth-about-tiger-mothers-family-amy-chua | title=The truth about the Tiger Mother's family | journal=The Guardian | date=2014-02-07 | accessdate=2014-07-14 | author=Kira Cochrane | archive-date=2017-11-16 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116064922/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/feb/07/truth-about-tiger-mothers-family-amy-chua | dead-url=no }}</ref>
蔡美兒也出現在作家{{tsl|en|J.D.Vance|J.D.萬斯}}的回憶錄和暢銷書《絕望者之歌》（''{{tsl|en|絕望者之歌}}''）中。蔡美兒在耶魯的學生，萬斯寫道，蔡美兒給了他“有史以來最好的建議。”萬斯在該書的致謝中寫道：“除了蒂娜（Tina），這本書的存在最值得稱讚的人是蔡美兒，我的耶魯合同教授，她讓我相信我的人生和從中得出的結論都值得書寫出來。”萬斯認為蔡美兒是《絕望者之歌》一書的“權威教母”。<ref>{{cite book|last1=Vance|first1=J.D.|title=Hillbilly Elegy: A Memoir of a Family and Culture in Crisis|year=2016|url=https://archive.org/details/hillbillyelegyme0000vanc|publisher=Harper|page=[https://archive.org/details/hillbillyelegyme0000vanc/page/259 259]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/hillbilly-elegy-made-jd-vance-the-voice-of-the-rust-belt-but-does-he-want-that-job/2017/02/06/fa6cd63c-e882-11e6-80c2-30e57e57e05d_story.html | work=Washington Post | title='Hillbilly Elegy' made J.D. Vance the voice of the Rust Belt. But does he want that job? | date=2017-02-07 | accessdate=2020-03-13 | first=Karen | last=Heller | archive-date=2020-11-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125133721/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/hillbilly-elegy-made-jd-vance-the-voice-of-the-rust-belt-but-does-he-want-that-job/2017/02/06/fa6cd63c-e882-11e6-80c2-30e57e57e05d_story.html | dead-url=no }}</ref>
=== 倫理政治學 ===
蔡美兒第四本書是與丈夫{{tsl|en|Jed Rubenfeld|傑德·魯本菲爾德}}<ref>{{Cite newspaper|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/feb/07/truth-about-tiger-mothers-family-amy-chua|title=The truth about the Tiger Mother's family|first=Kira|last=Cochrane|date=2014-02-07|journal=The Guardian|accessdate=2020-11-25|archive-date=2017-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116064922/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/feb/07/truth-about-tiger-mothers-family-amy-chua|dead-url=no}}</ref>合著的《虎媽的戰甲：三項黑暗人格特質，竟然讓人出類拔萃！》（2014年2月出版）。<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Triple Package: How Three Unlikely Traits Explain the Rise and Fall of Cultural Groups in America|url=https://archive.org/details/triplepackagehow0000chua|first1=Amy|last1=Chua|first2=Jed|last2=Rubenfeld|date=2014-02-04|publisher=Penguin Press|isbn = 978-1594205460}}</ref>這本書受到了許多消息來源的好評。為《[[金融时报_(英国)|金融時報]]》撰文的露西·凱拉韋（Lucy Kellaway）稱之為“我見過的最具普遍性的成功理論”。<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kellaway|first1=Lucy|title=Lessons in success from Eton and the Tiger Mother|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/b8dc242c-8e83-11e3-98c6-00144feab7de.htm|website=FT.com|publisher=Financial Times|accessdate=2014-10-04|archive-date=2020-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125133749/https://www.ft.com/content/b8dc242c-8e83-11e3-98c6-00144feab7de|dead-url=no}}</ref>《[[衛報]]》稱讚這本書“對各種民族和文化群體的成見和期望的影響進行了令人大開眼界的研究……”<ref>{{Cite newspaper|last1=Brockes|first1=Emily|title=The Triple Package: What Really Determines Success – review|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/05/the-triple-package-what-really-determines-success-book-review|journal=The Guardian|accessdate=2014-10-04|date=2014-02-05|archive-date=2020-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125133708/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/05/the-triple-package-what-really-determines-success-book-review|dead-url=no}}</ref>這本書也因為一些人所說的文化成見而受到批評。<ref>{{cite news | url=http://shine.yahoo.com/parenting/tiger-mom-39-book-stirs-culture-wars-195300564.html | work=Yahoo Shine | title=Tiger Mom's New Book Stirs Up Culture Wars | date=2014-01-07 | accessdate=2020-11-25 | archive-date=2020-11-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125133713/https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/tagged/health/parenting/tiger-mom-39-book-stirs-culture-wars-195300564.html | dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/01/06/amy-chua-the-triple-package_n_4549612.html | work=The Huffington Post | title=Amy Chua In 'The Triple Package' Claims Jews and Mormons Produce More Successful People | date=2014-01-06 | accessdate=2020-03-13 | first=Yasmine | last=Hafiz | archive-date=2020-11-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125133749/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/amy-chua-the-triple-package_n_4549612 | dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Flood|first1=Alison|title='Tiger mother' returns with provocative theory of 'cultural group' success|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/jan/08/tiger-mother-theory-cultural-group-jews-chinese|work=The Guardian|date=2014-01-08|language=en|accessdate=2020-11-25|archive-date=2020-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112020913/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/jan/08/tiger-mother-theory-cultural-group-jews-chinese|dead-url=no}}</ref> 喬舒亞·哈特（Joshua Hart）和{{tsl|en|Christopher Chabris|克里斯托弗·查布里斯}}的一項實證研究發現，“‘虎媽的戰甲’（Triple Package，三重戰甲）理論的證據很少。”<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hart|first1=Joshua|last2=Chabris|first2=Christopher F.|title=Does a "Triple Package" of traits predict success?|journal=Personality and Individual Differences|date=2016|volume=94|pages=216–222|doi=10.1016/j.paid.2015.12.041}}</ref>
=== 歷史政治學 ===
蔡美儿的第二本書《大國興亡錄：全面透析歷史上[[羅馬]]、[[唐朝]]、[[蒙古]]等8個超級大國的起落興衰》（2007年），探討了七個主要帝國，並認為它們的成功取決於它們對少數民族的寬容。<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/da-guo-xing-wang-lu-quan-mian-tou-xi-li-shi-shang-luoma-tang-chao-menggu-deng-8-ge-chao-ji-da-guo-de-qi-luo-xing-shuai/oclc/876770793&referer=brief_results|title=大國興亡錄：全面透析歷史上羅馬、唐朝、蒙古等8個超級大國的起落興衰，新世界出版社，2013|author=蔡美儿|ISBN=9787510443190|publisher=World Cat|accessdate=2020-11-25|archive-date=2020-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125133709/https://www.worldcat.org/title/da-guo-xing-wang-lu-quan-mian-tou-xi-li-shi-shang-luoma-tang-chao-menggu-deng-8-ge-chao-ji-da-guo-de-qi-luo-xing-shuai/oclc/876770793%26referer%3Dbrief_results|dead-url=no}}</ref>
2018年2月，蔡美兒的第五本書出版。《政治部落：群體本能與國家命運》一書的主題是，對群體的忠誠往往超過[[意識形態]]的考慮。她探討了未能意識到這一點對美國外交政策的失敗和[[唐納德·特朗普]]在國內崛起的影響。這本書受到了來自各個[[政治派別]]的壓倒性好評。為《紐約時報》撰文的{{tsl|en|David Frum|大衛·弗魯姆}}稱讚蔡美兒願意接近“其他人通常會踮著腳尖走的禁區”。<ref name="nytimes">{{cite web |first=David |last=Frum |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/01/books/review/amy-chua-political-tribes.html |title=The Battle Over What It Means to Be American |publisher=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=2020-03-13 |date=2018-03-01 |archive-date=2020-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109031420/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/01/books/review/amy-chua-political-tribes.html |dead-url=no }}</ref> 《[[華盛頓郵報]]》形容這本書“緊湊、有洞察力、令人不安，但最終還是充滿希望”，{{tsl|en|Ezra Klein|埃茲拉·克萊恩}}在他的Vox播客上稱這本書“引人入勝”。<ref name="washingtonpost">Jonathan Rauch, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/have-our-tribes-become-more-important-than-our-country/2018/02/16/2f8ef9b2-083a-11e8-b48c-b07fea957bd5_story.html "Have our tribes become more important than our country?"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/have-our-tribes-become-more-important-than-our-country/2018/02/16/2f8ef9b2-083a-11e8-b48c-b07fea957bd5_story.html |date=20201125133724 }}, ''The Washington Post'', Retrieved 2018-03-30.</ref><ref>Ezra Klein, [https://www.vox.com/ezra-klein-show-podcast "The Ezra Klein Show"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.vox.com/ezra-klein-show-podcast |date=20180111164913 }}, ''The Ezra Klein Show'', 2018-02-26.</ref> 這本書受到了一些批評。 《衛報》稱之為“一本立意好的書，但未自圓其說”。<ref>{{Cite newspaper|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/feb/25/political-tribes-amy-chua-review|title=Political Tribes review – an unreliable guide to the American Dream|last=Anthony|first=Andrew|date=2018-02-25|journal=The Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-03-04|archive-date=2020-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125133752/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/feb/25/political-tribes-amy-chua-review|dead-url=no}}</ref> 《金融時報》稱這是“一本重要的書”，並支持蔡美兒的論點，“美國的[[自由主義]]精英未能承認自己的{{tsl|en|Tribalism|部落主義}}意識，為特朗普的崛起作出了貢獻”；但它也指出，書中沒有回答如何創建一個“非部落世界”的“關鍵問題”。<ref name="ft">{{cite web|last=Tett|first=Gillian|date=2018-02-21|title=Us and them: how America divided into tribes|url=https://www.ft.com/content/f4e18952-157b-11e8-9e9c-25c814761640|work=Financial Times|accessdate=2018-03-04|archive-date=2020-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125133753/https://www.ft.com/content/f4e18952-157b-11e8-9e9c-25c814761640|dead-url=no}}</ref>萬斯是蔡美兒的學生，也是《鄉間輓歌》的作者，他稱讚這本書，他說“政治部落是對傳統智慧的一種獨特的重要挑戰，寫得妙，可讀性很強。”<ref name="auto"/>
==参考注释==
{{reflist|30em}}
== 延伸閱讀 ==
*蔡美兒《虎媽戰歌》，張新華譯，[[中信出版社]]，北京，2011 ISBN 9787508626116
*蔡美兒《大國興亡錄：全面透析歷史上羅馬、唐朝、蒙古等8個超級大國的起落興衰》，劉海青，楊禮武譯，[[新世界出版社]]，北京，2013 ISBN 9787510443190
==外部链接==
*[http://www.law.yale.edu/faculty/AChua.htm 耶鲁大學法学院蔡美兒个人主页]