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黄苞海芋
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|[[File: 攸乐蘑 黄苞海 芋1.jpg|缩略图|居中|250px|[http://img1.iplant.cn/gotoimg/236/4E457E7196AC22DB67778530D33F9E7C.jpg 原图链接] [http://www.iplant.cn/info/%E6%94%B8%E4%B9%90%E8%98%91%E8%8A%8BAlocasia?t=p 来自植物智]]]
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属:[[魔芋属]]
分布区域:分布于[[ 东半球云南省]] 。 我国主要江南各地。
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'''黄苞海芋'''(yōu lè mó yù，学名 '''Alocasia navicularis''' (K. Koch & C. D. Bouche) K. Koch & C. D. Bouche，异名：Colocasia navicularis ) 一般指'''魔芋属''' ，草本，有球形块茎；叶为叉指状复叶，于花后抽出，阔大；花序高大，上部的为雄花，下部的为雌花；开时发出一种奇臭；佛焰苞大；肉穗花序内藏或突出顶有大的附属体；花单性，无花被；雄花有雄蕊1—3—6个；雌花：子房1—4室，胚珠单生；浆果肉质，有种子1—4颗。<ref>[http://www.iplant.cn/info/Alocasia%D8%FC%C0%D6%C4%A2%D3%F3 20navicularis?t=foc 攸乐蘑 黄苞海 芋], 植物智, 2020-01-18</ref>
==黄苞海芋植物形态==
Colocasia navicularis K. Koch & C. D. Bouché, Index Seminum Hort. Berol. 1853: 13. 1853.
Pachycaul herbs, massive, to 1.5 m, evergreen, with milky latex. Stem erect to decumbent. Leaves several together, clustered at tips of stems of larger plants; petiole up to 1.5 m, sheath margins membranous; leaf blade peltate, cordate-ovate, ca. 130 × 120 cm, apex shortly acuminate; primary lateral veins 9-12 on each side. Inflorescences 2 or 3 together among leaf bases; peduncle 40-45 cm, stout, much exceeding cataphylls at anthesis. Spathe 10-20 cm, constricted ca. 1/6 of way from base; proximal part green, ovoid; limb dark yellow, broadly oblong-lanceolate, 18-15 × 4-8 cm, cowl-like at anthesis. Spadix shorter than spathe, shortly stipitate; female zone 1-2 × ca. 1.5 cm; pistil mid-green, ca. 3 mm in diam.; stigma sessile, 3- or 4-lobed, lobes blunt, pale green; sterile zone equaling male zone, ivory, narrowed corresponding to spathe constriction; synandrodes whitish, stained purple, rhombic-hexagonal, ca. 2.5 mm in diam.; male zone white, cylindric, 3-4 × ca. 1.5 cm; synandria rhombic-hexagonal, convex-topped due to cap-forming synconnective, ca. 1.5 mm in diam.; appendix white, narrowly conic, 3-4 × 1-2 cm, equaling ca. 1/3 length of spadix, ± same thickness as male zone at base. Fruiting spathe ellipsoid, 5-11 cm. Fruit ripening dark red, ellipsoid, ca. 10 × 6 mm.
petiole up to 1.5 m, sheath margins membranous; leaf blade peltate, cordate-ovate, ca. 130 × 120 cm, apex shortly acuminate; primary lateral veins 9-12 on each side. Inflorescences 2 or 3 together among leaf bases; peduncle 40-45 cm, stout, much exceeding cataphylls at anthesis. Spathe 10-20 cm, constricted ca. 1/6 of way from base; proximal part green, ovoid; limb dark yellow, broadly oblong-lanceolate, 18-15 × 4-8 cm, cowl-like at anthesis. Spadix shorter than spathe, shortly stipitate; female zone 1-2 × ca. 1.5 cm; pistil mid-green, ca. 3 mm in diam.; stigma sessile, 3- or 4-lobed, lobes blunt, pale green; sterile zone equaling male zone, ivory, narrowed corresponding to spathe constriction; synandrodes whitish, stained purple, rhombic-hexagonal, ca. 2.5 mm in diam.; male zone white, cylindric, 3-4 × ca. 1.5 cm; synandria rhombic-hexagonal, convex-topped due to cap-forming synconnective, ca. 1.5 mm in diam.; appendix white, narrowly conic, 3-4 × 1-2 cm, equaling ca. 1/3 length of spadix, ± same thickness as male zone at base. <ref>[https://www.qindaosou.com/house/23272.html 这种长在西藏的植物是什么?_青岛头条] 2018年4月25日 补 黄苞南星的果,图片来自PPBC,侵删 另备: “黄苞”的国产和引进植物只有黄苞南星、黄苞海芋、黄苞大戟、黄苞铁海棠、黄苞蓟、黄苞钟花垂头菊。 转载... </ref> Fruiting spathe ellipsoid, 5-11 cm. Fruit ripening dark red, ellipsoid, ca. 10 × 6 mm.<ref>[http://www.iplant.cn/info/Alocasia%20navicularis?t=foc 黄苞海芋 Alocasia navicularis] 黄苞海芋(huáng bāo hǎi yù)PPBCCVHColDuocetCFHeFlorasEOLTPLIPNIBHLPOWOGBIFiDigBioBingBaiduAlocasia navicularis异名: Colocasia navicularis ... </ref> Moist evergreen lower-montane forests, sometimes on limestone. S Yunnan [N Bangladesh, NE India (Assam), N Laos, N Myanmar, Nepal, N Thailand, N Vietnam].<ref> 张东华、汪庆平．经济及观赏价值极高的东南亚稀有魔芋优势栽培种--弥勒魔芋（Amorphophallus muelleri） - FOC >> Vol.23 (2010) >> Araceae 《云南科技管理》：云南省科学技术厅科技宣传教育中心，2012 >> Alocasia </ref>
==魔芋属属内物种==
本章节的物种列表主要整理自于英国邱园植物名称检索名录（World Checklist of Selected Plant Families） 。部分物种名称前标注的星号（“*”）表示该名称在中国植物志中有记载，但经过后来的修订，可能已经降为异名或名称位置未定；现接受名及出处见括号内文字及参考资料。<ref>Govaerts, R. & Frodin, D.G.．World Checklist and Bibliography of Araceae (and Acoraceae)：The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew，1995：1-560 </ref>
==魔芋属主要价值==
本属一些植物块茎可加工成磨芋豆腐（又称褐腐）供疏食。如磨芋干片含淀粉42.05%，淀粉的膨胀力可大至80-100倍，粘着力强，可用作浆纱、造纸、瓷器或建筑等的胶粘剂。
块茎入药能 [[ 解毒消肿 ]] ，灸后健胃，消饱胀。治流火、疔疮、无名肿毒、瘰疬、 [[ 眼睛蛇 ]] 咬伤、烫火伤、间日疟、乳痈、腹中痞块、疔癀高烧、 [[ 疝气 ]] 等。全株有毒，以块茎为最，中毒后舌、喉灼热、痒痛、肿大。民间用醋加姜汁少许，内服或含嗽，可以解救。亦有些具有观赏价值。
== 参考来源 ==