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(惡性腫瘤)癌症發生的原因
==(惡性腫瘤)癌症發生的原因==
*癌症成因一直是科學家多年來研究的問題,依研究所知,除了家族性的遺傳外,環境污染、不當飲食習慣及生活中過度壓力等,都和癌症發生有著密切關係,在了解癌症的可能成因後,我們應該適度調整生活習慣、避免環境污染,以遠離癌症對我們的威脅。
*癌症發生的原因很多,有下列幾個危險因子可能有關:
**(1)香菸:一旦戒菸,致癌機率就會開始降低,且逐年下降。
**(2)飲食:高脂肪飲食會引起直腸癌、子宮癌及攝護腺癌的機會很高,通常選用含高纖維之食物,會比維他命及礦物質的補充來得有益。
**(3)紫外線:紫外線會引起皮膚的老化及皮膚的破壞而導致皮膚癌,出門要載寬邊帽、太陽眼鏡、長褲及長袖,使用防曬劑也可幫助防癌。
**(4)酒精:嗜酒嚴重會增加口腔癌、咽喉癌、食道癌及肝癌的機率,中度嗜酒則會增加乳癌的機率。
**(5)游離輻射:日本原子彈爆發後的倖存者,經研究證實游離輻射會增加白血病、乳癌、甲狀腺癌、肺癌、胃癌及其他器官癌症發生的機率。
**(6)化學污染物質:石綿、鎳、鎘、鈾、氡、氯化乙烯及苯都是知名的致癌物。
**(7)賀爾蒙替代療法(HRT):estrogen的長期使用婦女會增加乳癌的機率,如果有配合服用progesterone則危險機率會更高,目前學者還在研究賀爾蒙替代療法的優缺點。
**(8)DES (Diethylstibestrol):有些婦人懷孕時會服用DES以減輕懷孕的不舒服,此時會增加罹患乳癌的機率,此時生出的女兒會增加子宮頸及陰道產生異常發育的細胞。
**(9)家族性相關的特定癌症:某些癌症在人口的比率上較常發生於特定的家族,目前已知的是,特定家族的癌症發生主要是來自遺傳基因、家族環境或生活形態的因素。
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