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腹毛柳

中文名:腹毛柳

学 名:Salix delavayana Hand.-Mazz.

界:植物界

门:被子植物门Angiospermae

纲:双子叶植物纲Dicotyledoneae

目:杨柳目

科:杨柳科Salicaceae

属:柳属Salix

种:腹毛柳

分布区域:中国青海湖北

重庆四川贵州

云南西藏

腹毛柳(fù máo liǔ,学名 Salix delavayana Hand.-Mazz.),灌木或小乔木,高2-6米。嫩枝有短柔毛,后无毛,黑褐色。芽卵形,褐色。叶长圆状椭圆形至宽椭圆形。分布于云南西部、四川西藏东部。 [1]

目录

腹毛柳形态特征

腹毛柳 灌木或小乔木,高2-6米。嫩枝有短柔毛,后无毛,黑褐色。芽卵形,褐色。

叶长圆状椭圆形至宽椭圆形,长3-8厘米,宽1-3.5厘米,先端急尖或短渐尖,基部楔形至圆形,上面亮绿色,下面苍白色或具白粉,叶脉7-14对,幼叶两面被淡黄色绒毛,上面更密,后来逐渐脱落,全缘;叶柄长约1厘米;托叶小,歪卵形,边缘有腺齿。

花与叶同时开放,花序轴有毛;雄花序有短梗或无梗,具1-2个小叶,长2-4(5)厘米,粗约7毫米;雄蕊2,离生,花丝长2.3-3.5毫米,在中上部有长柔毛,花药黄色或在花序上部的为红色;苞片长圆状椭圆形,上部褐色,两面有毛或无毛,边缘多少有缘毛;

腺体2,腹生和背生,长约为苞片的1/3,腹腺圆柱形或卵形,先端截形,有时浅裂,背腺圆柱形,比腹腺稍短;

雌花序2-3厘米长,4-6毫米粗,有花序梗,具2-4小叶;子房卵形,无柄或有短柄,无毛或腹面基部有短柔毛,花柱明显,2浅裂,柱头粗,2浅裂;苞片同雄花;腹腺1,卵形或短圆柱形。

蒴果长约5毫米。花期4月中下旬-5月,果期6月上、中旬。[2]

Salix delavayana Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 78. 1929; Hao in Fedde, Rep. Beih. 93: 81. 1936; 西藏植物名录, 45. 1980. ——S. sikkimensis auct. non Anderss. Burkill in Journ. Linn. Soc. 26: 532. 1899.

Shrubs or small trees, to 6 m tall. Branchlets blackish brown, pubescent when young, glabrescent. Buds brown, ovoid. Stipules small, obliquely ovate, margin glandular serrate; petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf blade oblong-elliptic to broadly elliptic, 3-8 × 1-3.5 cm, abaxially pale or pruinose, adaxially bright green, both surfaces yellowish tomentose when young, glabrescent, base cuneate to rounded, margin entire, apex acute or shortly acuminate; lateral veins 7-14 on each side of midvein. Flowering coetaneous. Male catkin 2-4(-5) cm × ca. 7 mm; peduncle short or absent; rachis pilose; bracts brown distally, oblong-elliptic, pilose or glabrous, ± ciliate. Male flower: adaxial and abaxial glands cylindric, ca. 1/3 as long as bracts, sometimes lobed, abaxial gland shorter than adaxial; stamens 2, distinct; filaments 2.3-3.5 mm, distal part villous; anthers yellow or red in distal part of catkin. Female catkin 2-3 cm × 4-6 mm; peduncle with 2-4 leaflets; bracts as in male catkin. Female flower: adaxial gland ovate or shortly cylindric; ovary ovoid, glabrous adaxially or pubescent at base only, or pilose adaxially and at adaxial and abaxial sutures, sessile or shortly stipitate; style conspicuous, 2-lobed; stigma thick, 2-lobed. Capsule ca. 5 mm. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jun.

  • Mountain slopes, along streams in woods, near rivers, damp places in Picea forests; 2800-4000 m. W Sichuan, E Xizang, W Yunnan.

1 Ovary glabrous adaxially or pubescent at base only 79a var. delavayana 腹毛柳 (原变种)

+ Ovary pilose adaxially and at adaxial and abaxial sutures 79b var. pilososuturalis 毛缝腹毛柳

腹毛柳生长环境

生长于海拔2800-3800米的山坡,林间隙地及山谷溪流旁。

腹毛柳分布范围

分布于云南西部、四川西藏东部等地。

参考来源

  1. 腹毛柳, 植物智, 2020-01-18
  2. 《中国植物志》 第20(2)卷 (1984) >> 180页 PDF >> 腹毛柳 Salix delavayana