林早熟禾
| 林早熟禾 |
 |
|
界：植物界 门：被子植物门 Angiospermae 纲：百合纲 Liliopsida 亚纲：鸭跖草亚纲 Commelinidae 目：莎草目 Cyperales 科：禾本科 Gramineae 亚科：早熟禾亚科 SubFam. Pooideae 属：早熟禾属 Poa |
林早熟禾(lín zǎo shú hé)，拉丁文 Poa nemoraliformis Roshevitz，俗名：大序早熟禾，异名：Poa major ，是被子植物门禾本科下早熟禾属的一个物种，多年生，疏丛。秆直立，高60-90厘米，带紫褐色，顶节位于秆的1/3以上。叶鞘短于其节间，平滑无毛，基部叶鞘紫色；叶舌长0.5毫米；叶片扁平，宽2-3毫米，上面粗糙。圆锥花序长10-20厘米，疏松，分枝下部长裸露，粗糙，1-3枚着生于各节；小穗卵圆形， [1]
目录
形态特征
多年生，疏丛。秆直立，高60-90厘米，带紫褐色，顶节位于秆的1/3以上。叶鞘短于其节间，平滑无毛，基部叶鞘紫色；叶舌长0.5毫米；叶片扁平，宽2-3毫米，上面粗糙。
圆锥花序长10-20厘米，疏松，分枝下部长裸露，粗糙，1-3枚着生于各节；小穗卵圆形，含5-7小花，长6-7毫米；颖披针形，先端尖，第一颖长4-4.5毫米，具1或2-3脉，第二颖长4-5.5毫米；
外秤披针形，顶端尖有膜质，脊和边脉1/3以下具长柔毛，基盘无绵毛，第一外稃长4-4.5毫米；内稃长3.5-4毫米，两脊具纤毛；花药紫色，长2-2.5毫米。花期7-9月。
FOC >> Vol.22 (2006) >> Poaceae >> Poa 75.Poa nemoraliformis Roshevitz 林早熟禾 lin zao shu he Poa major D. F. Cui.
Culms loosely to densely tufted, 30–50 cm tall, erect, usually hard, scabrid, nodes 2–5, uppermost in lower 1/3; base covered by withered leaf sheaths. Shoots extravaginal. Leaf sheath scabrid, longer than blade; blade usually flat, later folded or inrolled, 1.5–2.5 mm wide, scabrid; ligule (0.5–)1–1.5 mm. Panicle oblong, conferted, 8–16(–20) cm, branches thin, 2–4.5 cm.
Spikelets elliptic-lanceolate, green or tinged with purple, 4–6(–6.5) mm, florets 3 or 4, usually with upper floret rudimentary; rachilla usually glabrous; glumes oblong-lanceolate, apex acuminate, lower glume ca. 3.5 mm, upper glume 4–4.2 mm, margins dry membranous, keel scabrid; lemma oblong-lanceolate, 3.2–4 mm; margins membranous, keel and marginal veins usually short-villous to glabrous along lower 1/2; callus glabrous. Anthers ca. 2 mm. Fl. Jun–Aug.
Open grasslands on rocky slopes, meadows along forest margins, thickets; 1100–4300 m. Xinjiang, Xizang [India, Tajikistan].
Poa nemoraliformis differs from P. nemoralis in its longer ligule 1–1.5 mm (vs. 0.2–1 mm), glabrous rachilla, and unwebbed lemma callus, and differs from P. versicolor subsp. relaxa in never forming dense tufts. The syntypes represent a sequence of increasing xeromorphism (leaf blades more firm, position of uppermost node varying from 1/2 to 1/3 way up culm). The first two syntypes differ from the description in the protologue in having the rachilla shortly hairy; the second syntype differs in having a long ligule ca. 2.4 mm.
Records of Poa sterilis M. Bieberstein from China are probably based on this species. Examination of the type of P. major has shown that it was misplaced in P. subg. Poa and belongs here.
分类文献
Poa major D.F. Cui in Acta Bot.Bor.Occ.Sinica 7(2): 83, 图1.1987; 新疆植物志6: 104, 图版38: 1-5.1996.
产地生境
产新疆（新源、尼克苏）。生于山地草甸，海拔2400米。模式标本采自新疆新源。