大花對葉蘭

大花對葉蘭
原圖鏈接來自植物智

中文名:大花對葉蘭界:植物界門:被子植物門綱:單子葉植物綱目:微子目科:蘭科屬:對葉蘭屬拼音:dà huā duì yè lán 中文學名:Listera grandiflora Rolfe

大花對葉蘭(dà huā duì yè lán，學名 Neottia wardii (Rolfe) Szlachetko，異名：Listera grandiflora Listera wardii )，蘭科，對葉蘭屬植物。產湖北西部（房縣）、四川西部（茂縣、寶興、峨眉）、雲南西北部（維西、貢山）和西藏東南部（察隅）。生於海拔2600-3500米的林下或陰濕處。 ^[1]

大花對葉蘭形態特徵

大花對葉蘭植株高15-25厘米。莖纖細，近基部處具1枚膜質鞘，通常在上部2/3-3/4處具2枚對生葉，葉以上部分被短柔毛，並具1-2枚苞片狀小葉。

原圖鏈接來自植物智

葉片寬卵形或卵狀心形，長寬各2.5-4厘米，先端近於急尖或具短尖，基部寬楔形，或淺心形，邊緣多少皺波狀，有時具不整齊的細齒；苞片狀小葉卵狀披針形，有時長可達1厘米，向上逐漸過渡為苞片。

原圖鏈接來自植物智

總狀花序長3-7厘米，具2-7朵花；花序軸被短柔毛；花苞片卵狀披針形，長可達7毫米；花梗長6毫米，近無毛；子房線形，長約6毫米，無毛；花較大，綠黃色；

中萼片菱狀橢圓形或橢圓形，長約7毫米，寬約2.2毫米，先端近急尖，具1脈；側萼片斜橢圓狀披針形，與中萼片近等大；花瓣線形，與萼片等長，寬約1毫米；

唇瓣倒卵狀楔形，長16-17毫米，上部寬6-8（-12）毫米，基部明顯變窄，寬2-3.5毫米，表面有2條與蕊柱基部相連的縱褶片，先端2裂，中脈稍寬大；兩裂片通常叉開，極少近平行；

裂片近卵形，長5-6毫米，邊緣具乳突狀細緣毛；蕊柱長約7毫米，稍向前彎曲；^[2]

花葯位於藥床之中，向前俯傾；蕊喙大，幾與花葯等長。花期6-7月。 ^[3]

分類文獻

Listera grandiflora Rolfe in Kew Bull. 1896: 200. 1896, et in J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 36: 40. 1903; Schltr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 4: 141. 1919; S. Y. Hu in Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 27(3-4): 429. 1974; 中國高等植物圖鑑5: 644, 圖8117. 1976; 西藏植物志5: 741.圖394. 1987;橫斷山區維管植物2: 2549. 1994. ——Listera wardii Rolfe in Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 8: 127. 1913.

Listera wardii Rolfe, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 8: 127. 1913; L. grandiflora Rolfe; Neottia grandiflora (Rolfe) Szlachetko (1995), not Hooker (1830), nor (A. Richard) Kuntze (1891), nor Schlechter (1912).

Plants autotrophic, 15-25 cm tall. Rhizome with a few elongate, filiform roots. Stem cylindric, slender, with 1 membranous sheath toward base. Leaves 2, opposite, borne above middle of plant, subsessile, green, broadly ovate or ovate-cordate, 2.5-4 × 2.5-4.2 cm, base broadly cuneate or shallowly cordate, margin slightly crisped or sometimes irregularly denticulate, apex subacute or mucronate. Peduncle 3.5-5 cm, pubescent, with 1 or 2 sterile, ovate bracts to ca. 8 mm; rachis 3-7 cm, pubescent, laxly 2-7-flowered; floral bracts ovate-lanceolate, 5-7 mm, apex acute to acuminate. Flowers rather large, resupinate, green or greenish yellow, lip with a thin white margin; pedicel 5-6 mm, almost glabrous; ovary narrowly conic, ca. 6 mm, glabrous; sepals and petals spreading widely. Dorsal sepal rhombic-elliptic or elliptic, 6-7 × ca. 2.2 mm, 1-veined, apex subacute; lateral sepals elliptic-lanceolate, oblique, 6-7 × ca. 2 mm, apex acute. Petals linear, 6-7 × ca. 1 mm, apex acuminate; lip spreading forward, obovate-cuneate, 16-19 × 7-13 mm, much narrower at base, apex deeply 2-lobed; lobes divergent or sometimes almost parallel, subovate, 5-6 × 4-6 mm, margins minutely papillose-ciliate, apices obtuse-rounded; disk with 2 longitudinal lamellae connected to base of column, midvein slightly thickened. Column arcuate above middle, ca. 7 mm; anther inclined toward rostellum; rostellum large, nearly as long as anther. Fl. Jun-Jul.

● Damp places in scrub and coniferous forests; 2300-3500 m. W Hubei, N and W Sichuan, SE Xizang, NW Yunnan.