檢視佛羅里達山獅的原始碼

<div style="float:right; margin:-10px 10px 0 10px; text-align:left">
{| class="wikitable"
|<center>'''佛羅里達山獅'''<br><img src="https://www.natgeomedia.com/userfiles/sm/sm1920_images_A1/3466/52271089983.jpg" width="250"></center><small>[https://www.natgeomedia.com/userfiles/sm/sm1920_images_A1/3466/52271089983.jpg 原圖鏈結] [https://www.google.com/search?q=%E4%BD%9B%E7%BE%85%E9%87%8C%E9%81%94%E5%B1%B1%E7%8D%85&safe=active&sxsrf=ACYBGNT_qQ_talAgjYcJ7J2f1hlDPBuP-w:1578846785421&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjBzbLOvv7mAhVdyYsBHdxEB1UQ_AUoAnoECBEQBA&biw=931&bih=436#imgrc=1mFd6kkZnIBfEM: 圖片來自國家地理雜誌]</small> 
|}
</div>

'''佛羅里達山獅'''（學名：Puma concolor coryi），又名'''佛羅里達美洲獅'''或'''美洲獅佛羅里達亞種'''。<ref name=Culver>{{cite journal en | author = Culver, M. | coauthors = Johnson, W.E., Pecon-Slattery, J., O'Brein, S.J. | date = 2000 | title = Genomic Ancestry of the American Puma | journal = Journal of Heredity | volume = 91 | issue = 3 | pages = 186-197 | url = http://www.coryi.org/Florida_panther/Miscellaneous_Panther_Material/Genomic%20ancestry%20of%20the%20American%20puma.pdf | format = PDF | doi = 10.1093/jhered/91.3.186 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070616200443/http://www.coryi.org/Florida_panther/Miscellaneous_Panther_Material/Genomic%20ancestry%20of%20the%20American%20puma.pdf | archivedate = 2007-06-16 }}</ref>棲息在[[美國]][[佛羅里達州]]南部的松林、針葉林及[[沼澤]]。

雄獅重約150磅，現分佈在[[大落羽衫國家自然保護區]]（Big Cypress National Preserve）、[[大沼澤地國家公園]]及[[美洲獅國家野生動物保護區]]（Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge）。<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fws.gov/endangered/i/a/saa05.html|title=Florida Panther|author=Division of Endangered Species, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service|accessdate=2007-01-30|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070604163840/http://www.fws.gov/endangered/i/a/saa05.html|archivedate=2007-06-04}}</ref>牠們是美國東部唯一的[[美洲獅]]，只佔有以往牠們分佈地的5%。牠們現存的數量估計只有80－100隻。<ref>{{Cite web|author=Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission|url=http://myfwc.com/whatsnew/07/statewide/panther-rk.html|title=Florida panther deaths increase from collisions with vehicles|date=June 29, 2007|accessdate=2007-06-29}}</ref>

== 科學分類 ==
根據美洲獅[[線粒體DNA]]的研究顯示，佛羅里達山獅與很多美洲獅亞種都很相似<ref name=Culver/>，建議將牠們合併重新分類為[[北美山獅]]（''Puma concolor couguar''）。自此，一些經典的文獻都不將佛羅里達山獅看為獨立的亞種，而是與其他亞種合併為北美山獅。不過在研究方面，尤其是有關佛羅里達山獅的保育工作，仍然會將牠們列為獨立的亞種。<ref name=improving>{{cite journal en |first=Michael J. |last=Conroy |coauthors=Paul Beier; Howard Quigley; Michael R. Vaughan |url=http://www.wildlifejournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-pdf&file=i0022-541X-70-1-1.pdf |title=Improving The Use Of Science In Conservation: Lessons From The Florida Panther |journal=Journal of Wildlife Management |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=1-7 |doi=10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1:ITUOSI]2.0.CO;2 |accessdate=2007-06-11|date=January 2006}}</ref>然而重新分類的建議卻仍未有公認的做法。<ref name=FloridaRecovery>{{cite web |url=http://www.fws.gov/verobeach/Florida%20panther%20files/Panther%20Recovery%20Plan%202006_01_31%20-%20no%20figures.pdf |title=Florida Panther Recovery Program (Draft) |accessdate=2007-06-11 |author=The Florida Panther Recovery Team |date=2006-01-31 |format=PDF |publisher=U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025124654/http://www.fws.gov/verobeach/Florida%20panther%20files/Panther%20Recovery%20Plan%202006_01_31%20-%20no%20figures.pdf |archivedate=2007-10-25 }}</ref>

== 保育狀況 ==
於1967年牠們被[[美國魚類及野生動物管理局]]列為瀕危<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fws.gov/endangered/i/a/saa05.html |title=Florida Panther |accessdate=2007-06-07 |work=Endangered and Threatened Species of the Southeastern United States (The Red Book) |year=1993 |publisher=U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070604163840/http://www.fws.gov/endangered/i/a/saa05.html |archivedate=2007-06-04 }}</ref>，且是一直最為受到保護的[[貓科]]群族。
在[[美國]][[佛羅里達州]]已進行保育工作來挽救餘下的佛羅里達山獅。不過，這項工作因佛羅里達山獅所需的生活[[面積]]而變得不容易：每一個[[繁殖]]單位，即1隻雄獅及2－5隻雌獅就需要約200平方公里的棲息地。<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fws.gov/verobeach/WhatsNew/Press_release/Panther%20Recovery%20Plan%202006_01_31%20-%20no%20figures.pdf|title=Florida Panther Recovery Plan|author=The Florida Panther Recovery Team, South Florida Ecological Services Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service|date=1995-03-13|accessdate=2007-01-30|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061002203220/http://www.fws.gov/verobeach/WhatsNew/Press_release/Panther%20Recovery%20Plan%202006_01_31%20-%20no%20figures.pdf|archivedate=2006-10-02}}</ref>一群240隻佛羅里達山獅就需要8000平方公里的棲息地，並足夠的[[遺傳多樣性]]來避免近親繁殖。從[[德克薩斯州]]引入的8隻雌性[[美洲獅]]近親似乎能成功地減低近親繁殖的問題。<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fws.gov/southeast/news/2006/images/PantherGeneticFactSheet.pdf|title=Florida Panther and the Genetic Restoration Program|author=U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service|accessdate=2007-01-30}}</ref>

佛羅里達州南部是一個快速發展的地區，天然環境的開發影響著佛羅里達山獅的生存。牠們的[[死亡率]]最多是來自[[交通意外]]及為地盤而自相殘殺，這都是因失去棲息地、棲息地的退化及分裂。在近[[那不勒斯]]開發的[[聖母鎮]]（Ave Maria）有指是牠們的主要棲息地。<ref>{{Cite web|author=Eric Staats|url=http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/Fish/southflorida/news/maria2004.html|title=Sierra Club Says Ave Maria Will 'Threaten' Everglades|date=2007-01-27|publisher=Naples Daily News|accessdate=2009-03-19}}</ref>

不過，佛羅里達山獅的分佈地卻被受爭議，這引發影響地產商及環保組織的爭議。<ref>{{Cite journal en|author=Gross L|year=2005|title=Why Not the Best? How Science Failed the Florida Panther|journal=PLoS Biol|volume=3|issue=9|pages=e333|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0030333}}</ref>由於以往[[美國漁業與野生動物局]]使用了錯誤的數據，誤會了佛羅里達山獅的分佈地，致使批核了一些發展項目。<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fws.gov/informationquality/topics/FY2004/Florida%20Panther/index.html|title=Information Quality Guidelines: Your Questions and Our Responses|author=U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service|date=2005-03-21|accessdate=2007-01-30}}</ref>

== 參考資料 ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:380 動物學總論]]
[[Category:388 半索動物門；脊索動物門]]