檢視犹太人的原始碼

{{Redirect|犹太}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
|group       = 犹太人<br />{{small|{{lang-he|יהודים}}（{{transl|he|''Yehudim''}}）}}
|population    = '''13,854,800–18,197,400'''<ref name="Population of Jews">
''13.85&nbsp;million'' (core Jewish population) according to:
*{{cite web |url=http://www.jewishdatabank.org/studies/downloadFile.cfm?FileID=3113 |title=World Jewish Population, 2013 |first=Sergio |last=DellaPergola |editor1-first=Arnold |editor1-last=Dashefsky |editor2-first=Ira |editor2-last=Sheskin |date=2013 |work=Current Jewish Population Reports |publisher=North American Jewish Data Bank |location=Storrs, Connecticut |format=[[PDF]] |accessdate=2014}}
''14 - 14.5&nbsp;million'' according to:
*{{cite news|title=Worldwide Jewry numbers 14 million|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4324677,00.html|publisher=Ynet|accessdate=2013-10-21}}
*{{cite web|title=Jewish Population|url=http://www.jewfaq.org/populatn.htm|work=Judaism101|accessdate=2013-09-20}}
*{{cite web|author=Daniel J. Elazar|title=How Strong is Orthodox Judaism -- Really? The Demographics of Jewish Religious Identification|url=http://www.jcpa.org/dje/articles2/demographics.htm|work=Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs|accessdate=2013-09-20}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2012/12/18/global-religious-landscape-jew/|work=Pew Research Center|title= The Global Religious Landscape&nbsp;— Jews|date=2012-12-18|accessdate=2013-10-31}}
''18.19&nbsp;million'' (the enlarged Jewish population worldwide, which includes a wider definition of the term) according to:
*{{cite book|author=Sergio DellaPergola|title=American Jewish Year Book 2013|year=2013|publisher=Berman Jewish DataBank|page=21|url=http://www.jewishdatabank.org/studies/downloadFile.cfm?FileID=3113}}
</ref>
|region1       = {{flag|Israel}}
|pop1          = 6,042,000
|ref1          = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4367878,00.html |title=Israel's population crosses 8 million mark |publisher=Ynetnews |date=2013-04-14 |accessdate=2013-04-14 }}</ref><ref>This figure does not include 300,000 Israeli ethnic Jews not considered to be Jewish under halakha</ref>
|region2       = {{flag|United States}}
|pop2          = 5,425,000（2011）
|ref2          = <ref name="JVIL2012">{{cite web |url=http://www.jewishdatabank.org/Studies/downloadFile.cfm?FileID=2941 |title=World Jewish Population, 2012 |first=Sergio |last=DellaPergola |authorlink=Sergio DellaPergola |editor1-first=Arnold |editor1-last=Dashefsky |editor1-link=Arnold Dashefsky |editor2-first=Ira |editor2-last=Sheskin |date=2012-11-02 |work=Current Jewish Population Reports |publisher=North American Jewish Data Bank |location=[[Storrs, Connecticut]] |format=[[Portable Document Format|PDF]] |accessdate=2013-09-21}}</ref>–6,800,000<ref name=american-jewish-population>此为大约数据，以下信息来源的数据与此数据并无太大出入：
*{{cite journal|title=American Jewish Population Estimates: 2012 |journal=[[Brandeis University]] – Steinhardt Social Research Institute |page=7 |url=http://www.brandeis.edu/ssri/pdfs/AmJewishPopEst2012.pdf |accessdate=2013-10-21 }}
*{{cite web|title=Jewish Population in the United States, by State |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/US-Israel/usjewpop.html |work=JVL |accessdate=2013-10-21 }}
*{{cite web|url=http://forward.com/articles/149492/us-jewish-population-pegged-at--million/ |title=U.S. Jewish Population Pegged at 6 Million |publisher=Forward |date=2012-01-17 |accessdate=2013-02-05 |author=Naomi Zeveloff }}
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=-MChymxEfdsC&pg=PA152&lpg=PA152&dq=6.722+jews+united+states&source=bl&ots=J4ANuZu4gX&sig=S0pemsr-KOMyzs-Ht186xips818&hl=en&sa=X&ei=5-U0UZ2XFpGmqQHBs4HYCQ&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=6.722%20jews%20united%20states&f=false American Jewish Year Book 2012 – Google Books<!-- Bot generated title -->]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131021103710/http://jpupdates.com/2013/02/18/us-jewish-population-is-anywhere-between-5-425-million-to-6-722-million/ US Jewish Population is Anywhere Between 5.425 Million and 6.722 Million – Gestetner Updates]
*{{cite web|title=A portrait of Jewish Americans Chapter 1: Population Estimates |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2013/10/01/chapter-1-population-estimates/ |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]] |accessdate=2013-10-07 |date=2013-10-01 |quote=Combining 5.3&nbsp;million adult Jews (the estimated size of the net Jewish population in this survey) with 1.3&nbsp;million children (in households with a Jewish adult who are being raised Jewish or partly Jewish) yields a total estimate of 6.7&nbsp;million Jews of all ages in the United States (rounded to the nearest 100,000). }}
*{{cite news|last=DellaPergola |first=Sergio |title=Bigger Population Estimate Means Wider Definition of Jewishness |url=http://forward.com/articles/184983/bigger-population-estimate-means-wider-definition/ |accessdate=2013-10-07 |newspaper=[[The Jewish Daily Forward]] |date=2013-10-06 |authorlink=Sergio DellaPergola }}</ref>

|region3       = {{flag|France}}
|pop3          = 480,000
|ref3          = <ref name="JVIL2012" />
|region4       = {{flag|Canada}}
|pop4          = 375,000
|ref4          = <ref name="JVIL2012" />
|region5       = {{nowrap|{{flag|United Kingdom}}}}
|pop5          = 291,000
|ref5          = <ref name="JVIL2012" />
|region6       = {{flag|Russia}}
|pop6          = 194,000–超过500,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishdatabank.org/Reports/World_Jewish_Population_2012.pdf |title=World Jewish Population, 2012 |publisher=North American Jewish Data Bank |date=2012-11-02 |accessdate=2013-07-21 |author=DellaPergola, Sergio |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130422115956/http://jewishdatabank.org/Reports/World_Jewish_Population_2012.pdf |archivedate=2013-04-22 }}</ref>
|ref6          = <ref name="JVIL2012" />
|region7       = {{flag|Argentina}}
|pop7          = 182,300
|ref7          = <ref name="JVIL2012" />
|region8       = {{flag|Germany}}
|pop8          = 119,000
|ref8          = <ref name="JVIL2012" />
|region9       = {{flag|Australia}}
|pop9          = 107,500
|ref9          = <ref name="JVIL2012" />
|ref10         = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldjewishcongress.org/en/communities/26 |title=Hungary |publisher=[[World Jewish Congress]] |accessdate=2014-08-09}}</ref><ref>[http://www.adl.org/press-center/press-releases/anti-semitism-international/adl-says-strong-showing-for.html ADL Says Strong Showing For Anti-Semitic Party In Hungarian Elections 'A Vote For Hate']. Anti-Defamation League. Retrieved 2014-08-09.</ref>
|region10      = {{flag|Hungary}}
|pop10         = 100,000–120,000
|region11      = {{flag|Brazil}}
|pop11         = 95,300
|ref11         = <ref name="JVIL2012" />
|region12      = {{flag|South Africa}}
|pop12         = 70,800
|ref12         = <ref name="JVIL2012" />
|region13      = {{flag|Ukraine}}
|pop13         = 67,000–200,000<ref>''Aliyah from Ukraine Spikes'', By AFP and Arutz Sheva, First Publish: 5/4/2014</ref>
|ref13         = <ref name="JVIL2012" />
|region14      = {{flag|Mexico}}
|pop14         = 39,400
|ref14         = <ref name="JVIL2012" />
|region15      = {{flag|Belgium}}
|pop15         = 30,300
|ref15         = <ref name="JVIL2012" />
|region16      = {{flag|Netherlands}}
|pop16         = 30,000
|ref16         = <ref name="JVIL2012" />
|region17      = {{flag|Italy}}
|pop17         = 28,400
|ref17         = <ref name="JVIL2012" />
|region18      = {{flag|Turkey}}
|pop18         = 26,000
|ref18         = <ref name="turkishjews">{{cite web|url=http://www.turkishjews.com/|title=Turkish - Jewish Friendship Over 500 Years|publisher=turkishjews.com|accessdate=2015-03-12}}</ref>
|region19      = {{flag|Chile}}
|pop19         = 18,500
|ref19         = <ref name="JVIL2012" />
|region20      = {{flag|Colombia}}
|pop20         = 12,000–超过25,000
|ref20         = <ref name="npr">{{cite web|url=http://www.npr.org/2012/12/20/167714541/lost-jews-of-colombia-say-theyve-found-their-roots|title='Lost Jews' Of Colombia Say They've Found Their Roots : NPR|publisher=npr.org|accessdate=2015-03-12}}</ref>
|region21      = 其他国家总和
|pop21         = 250,200
|ref21         = <ref name="JVIL2012" />
|languages = '''主要口语语言：'''<br />{{Hlist|[[希伯来语]]|[[英语]]|[[俄语]]|[[法语]]|[[西班牙语]]|其他国家的[[地方话|地方语言]]}}
'''历史语言：'''<br />{{Hlist|[[意第绪语]]|[[拉迪诺语]]|[[犹太-阿拉伯语]]|[[犹太语言|其他]]}}
'''礼仪语言：'''<br />{{Hlist|{{le|圣经希伯来语|Biblical Hebrew}}|[[亚拉姆语]]}}
|religions     = [[File:Star of David.svg|10px]] [[犹太教]]
|related       = 其他[[黎凡特]]人<ref>{{Cite news|title=Studies Show Jews' Genetic Similarity|first= Nicholas|last= Wade|date=2010-06-09|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/10/science/10jews.html?_r=0|work=New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1007/s004390000426|url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/tcga/tcgapdf/Nebel-HG-00-IPArabs.pdf|title=High-resolution Y chromosome haplotypes of Israeli and Palestinian Arabs reveal geographic substructure and substantial overlap with haplotypes of Jews|year=2000|last1=Nebel|first1=Almut|last2=Filon|first2=Dvora|last3=Weiss|first3=Deborah A.|last4=Weale|first4=Michael|last5=Faerman|first5=Marina|last6=Oppenheim|first6=Ariella|last7=Thomas|first7=Mark G.|journal=Human Genetics|volume=107|issue=6|pages=630–41|pmid=11153918}}</ref><ref name="evolutsioon">{{Cite journal|pmid=15300852|url=http://evolutsioon.ut.ee/publications/Shen2004.pdf|year=2004|last1=Shen|first1=P|last2=Lavi|first2=T|last3=Kivisild|first3=T|last4=Chou|first4=V|last5=Sengun|first5=D|last6=Gefel|first6=D|last7=Shpirer|first7=I|last8=Woolf|first8=E|last9=Hillel|first9=J|title=Reconstruction of patrilineages and matrilineages of Samaritans and other Israeli populations from Y-chromosome and mitochondrial DNA sequence variation|volume=24|issue=3|pages=248–60|doi=10.1002/humu.20077|journal=Human Mutation}}</ref><ref name="sciencedaily">{{cite web|url=http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2000/05/000509003653.htm |title=Jews Are The Genetic Brothers Of Palestinians, Syrians, And Lebanese |publisher=Sciencedaily.com |date=2000-05-09 |accessdate=2013-04-12}}</ref>、[[撒马利亚人]]<ref name="evolutsioon" />、[[阿拉伯人]]<ref name="evolutsioon" /><ref>{{Cite journal|pmc=3032072|year=2010|last1=Atzmon|first1=G|last2=Hao|first2=L|last3=Pe'Er|first3=I|last4=Velez|first4=C|last5=Pearlman|first5=A|last6=Palamara|first6=PF|last7=Morrow|first7=B|last8=Friedman|first8=E|last9=Oddoux|first9=C |title=Abraham's Children in the Genome Era: Major Jewish Diaspora Populations Comprise Distinct Genetic Clusters with Shared Middle Eastern Ancestry |volume=86|issue=6|pages=850–859 |doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.04.015 |journal=American Journal of Human Genetics|pmid=20560205}}</ref>、[[亚述人]]<ref name="evolutsioon" /><ref name="sciencedaily" />、[[库尔德人]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/study-finds-close-genetic-connection-between-jews-kurds-1.75273|title=Study Finds Close Genetic Connection Between Jews, Kurds|work=Haaretz.com}}</ref>
}}
{{Jew}}

'''犹太人'''（{{lang-he|יְהוּדִים}}，{{transl|he|Yehudim}}<ref> [http://www.jewishjournal.com/you_tai_ren/item/jews_origin_etymology_20110224/ 犹太人的由来Jews, Origin, Etymology]</ref>），又称'''犹太民族'''，是广泛分布于世界各国的一个族群。根据[[犹太教]]律法《[[哈拉卡]]》的定义，一切皈依犹太教的人（宗教意义）以及由犹太[[母亲]]所生的人（种族意义）都属于犹太人。犹太人发源于[[西亚]]的[[迦南|以色列地]]或[[迦南|希伯来地]]。犹太人的民族、文化和宗教信仰之间具有很强的关联性，[[犹太教]]是维系全体犹太人之间认同感的传统宗教<ref>[http://www.law.louisville.edu/library/collections/brandeis/node/234] "The Jewish Problem: How To Solve It," [[美国最高法院大法官|美国最高法院大法官]]路易斯·布兰代斯, "Jews are a distinctive nationality of which every Jew, whatever his country, his station or shade of belief, is necessarily a member" (April 25, 1915), University of Louisville Louis D. Brandeis School of Law, Retrieved on June 15, 2009</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=pPcOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA3&lpg=PA3&dq=%22jewish+nation%22+people&source=bl&ots=mwcd98d6Hx&sig=snSbv5ryENiSr-a9Kkfc4Ycs7h4&hl=en&ei=A0o2SvmeI-PBtwed0qj5Dg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=33] Palmer, Henry, ''A History of the Jewish Nation'' (1875), D. Lothrop & Co., Retrieved on June 15, 2009</ref><ref>[http://press.princeton.edu/einstein/materials/jewish_nationality.pdf] "The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein, Vol. 7: Berlin Years," U.S. Supreme Court Justice Louis D. Brandeis, "The Jewish Nation is a living fact" (June 21, 1921), Princeton University Press, Retrieved on June 15, 2009</ref>。犹太教不欢迎外族皈依，要皈依犹太教的外族人必须通过考验才可以，虽然如此历史上世界各地仍有小部分不同肤色的人群通过[[皈依]]犹太宗教而成为犹太族群的一部分，而犹太人也由此从[[阿拉伯半岛]]的一个[[游牧民族]]，发展成为遍布全球的世界性族群之一。

根据有关犹太人组织的统计，2007年全球犹太人总数约在1,320万人左右，其中540万人定居在[[以色列]]，530万人居住在[[美国|美国]]，其余则散居在世界各地。犹太人口总数仅占全球总人口的0.2%<ref name="JPPI2007">{{cite study|title=Annual Assessment |url=http://www.jpppi.org.il/JPPPI/SendFile.asp?DBID=1&LNGID=1&GID=489 |year=2007 |publisher=Jewish People Policy Planning Institute (Jewish Agency for Israel) |page=15 |format=PDF }}{{dead link|date=六月 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}, based on {{cite book|title=Annual Assessment 2007 |publisher=American Jewish Committee |url=http://www.ajcarchives.org/main.php?GroupingId=10142 |volume=106 |year=2006 }}</ref>。根据其他组织的统计，美国国内的犹太人人数则达到650万人或美国人口的2%<ref name="JVLPop">{{cite web |title=Jewish Population of the United States by State |url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/US-Israel/usjewpop.html | format=dateformat:mdy |accessdate=2009-08-13 }}</ref>。上述数据也包含了自认为是犹太人但没有归属于任何犹太社团组织的人群<ref name=Pfeffer>{{cite web |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/903585.html |title=Jewish Agency: 13.2 million Jews worldwide on eve of Rosh Hashanah, 5768 |accessdate=2009-01-24 |last=Pfeffer |first=Anshel |date=2007-09-12 |work=Haaretz }}</ref>，但事实上，全球犹太人的总人口数很难得到淮确统计，因为犹太人的定义存在多种标淮和界定方式，导致统计的淮确性受到了影响<ref name=Pfeffer/>。